转自：北京日报客户端 中国疾病预防控制中心温馨提示：1月份，我国大部分地区气温较低，北方地区天气寒冷，降雪增多； 南方湿冷，偶有寒潮南下，提醒大家做好防寒保暖。2026年1月需关注流行性感冒和其他急性呼吸道传 染病、人感染禽流感、诺如病毒肠炎和一氧化碳中毒。 一、流行性感冒和其他急性呼吸道传染病 冬春季节是我国急性呼吸道传染病高发季节，近期监测显示，引起急性呼吸道感染的病原有流感病毒、 呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒等。当前，流感仍为季节性流行水平，呼吸道合胞病毒检测阳性率呈上升趋 势，鼻病毒检测阳性率缓慢上升，新型冠状病毒和其他监测的呼吸道病原体阳性率总体处于低水平。 主要防护措施 2026年1月健康防护提示 1.保持良好的卫生习惯，咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用纸巾、毛巾等遮住口鼻；勤洗手，尽量避免用手触摸眼、 鼻或口；均衡饮食，适量运动，充足休息等。尽量避免接触流感样症状患者，若需接触需保持1米以上 距离并佩戴口罩。 2.有发热、咳嗽、咽痛等呼吸道症状时全程科学佩戴口罩，尽量避免前往人员密集场所，就医时要全程 佩戴口罩。 3.疫苗接种是预防流感最有效的手段，建议无禁忌症适龄人群完成流感疫苗接种，尤其是孕妇、低年龄 儿童、老 ...

Core Insights - Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common type of lower respiratory tract infection with high incidence and significant harm, particularly among the elderly in China due to the aging population [1][3] Group 1: Disease Characteristics - CAP in the elderly often presents atypical symptoms such as decreased appetite, fatigue, confusion, and urinary incontinence, which can lead to delayed diagnosis [3] - The incidence of elderly CAP shows seasonal fluctuations, with higher rates in Northeast and East China, particularly during autumn and winter [3] - Elderly pneumonia has unique characteristics, including insidious onset, atypical symptoms, rapid progression, and multiple complications [3][4] Group 2: Treatment Approaches - The distribution of pathogens in elderly CAP is characterized by a predominance of Gram-negative bacilli, especially in older patients, with a high risk of mixed infections and antibiotic resistance [4] - Treatment should be based on the unique pathophysiological features of elderly pneumonia, initiating empirical anti-infection therapy early and adjusting treatment based on pneumonia type and severity [4] - New classes of antibiotics can significantly shorten treatment duration and reduce hospital stay, alleviating the healthcare burden [4] Group 3: Prevention Strategies - Vaccination is highlighted as the most cost-effective preventive measure, with recommendations for elderly individuals to receive pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccines [6] - Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and wearing masks, is essential to reduce infection risk [6] - Additional preventive measures include proper eating posture for those with swallowing difficulties, maintaining oral hygiene, balanced nutrition, and moderate exercise to enhance immunity [6]