Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the health risks associated with consuming grapefruit, particularly its interaction with various medications, which can lead to increased drug levels in the bloodstream and potential overdose effects [3][4][5]. Summary by Sections Grapefruit Overview - Grapefruit, known for its rich aroma and refreshing taste, is popular among all age groups and is currently in season [2]. Health Risks - Grapefruit contains a compound called "furanocoumarin," which inhibits the activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme in the liver, essential for metabolizing many medications [4]. - This inhibition can lead to an accumulation of drugs in the bloodstream, resulting in overdose-like symptoms and increased side effects [4][5]. Affected Medications - A variety of medications are affected by grapefruit, including common antihypertensives, antibiotics, pain relievers, and medications for special conditions like cancer and insomnia [8]. - It is noted that over 85 medications are known to interact with grapefruit, with about half of these potentially causing severe adverse reactions [9]. Specific Drug Examples - The article lists several categories of drugs that are significantly impacted by grapefruit, including: - Antihypertensives (e.g., amlodipine, nifedipine) [6] - Cholesterol-lowering drugs (e.g., atorvastatin, simvastatin) [10] - Anticancer medications (e.g., erlotinib, lapatinib) [10] - Pain medications (e.g., oxycodone, fentanyl) [11] Recommendations - It is advised to avoid grapefruit entirely during medication use, as even consuming it hours apart does not mitigate the risk due to the prolonged enzyme inhibition [13][14]. - Grapefruit-flavored products, such as drinks or jams, should also be avoided if they contain grapefruit extract [15]. - Other citrus fruits like oranges and lemons also contain furanocoumarin but in lower amounts, thus should be consumed with caution [16][18].

眼下柚类水果大量上市，酸甜多汁的"柚味"很多人喜欢。目前市面上售卖的带"柚"字的水果有很多种，沙田柚、青柚、红蜜柚、文旦柚、胡柚、 葡萄柚、西柚…… 需要注意的是：对药物代谢影响最明确、证据最充分的是"西柚/葡萄柚"，而不是我们常见的"柚子/蜜柚/文旦/沙田柚"。 正确吃柚子，首先我们要注意： 1、看清名称：写"西柚/葡萄柚"或"grapefruit juice"的药品说明书，务必严格回避；"柚子/蜜柚"不是"西柚"。 2、拿不准就当"西柚"处理：市场上部分果汁/饮料标注不清，若无法确认，按"西柚"口径避开更安全。 需要注意的是：在服用某些药物时同时吃"柚味"，药效可能"失控"，甚至带来健康风险。 1 吃"柚"要注意这些事 柚子，尤其是西柚中含有呋喃香豆素类物质，这种成分会抑制肝脏里一种酶（一种名为CYP3A4的药物代谢酶，小肠黏膜中也有）。而我们吃的 很多药物，都需要靠这种酶来代谢分解——酶被抑制后，药物没法正常"消化"，就会在血液里越积越多，相当于"过量服药"，副作用风险自然大 幅升高。 3、服药期间更要谨慎：西柚的影响可持续24–72小时，错开几小时未必能完全避免相互作用。 2 这几类药 千万别和"西柚 ...