转自：央视网 近日天气多变，呼吸道疾病多发。很多人认为吃药时最好也用热水，对肠胃和身体更友好。然而从科学 服药角度来看并非如此。 "热水送药并不总是对的。"广州市红十字会医院药学部主任、广州市临床用药质控中心主任张述耀在接 受媒体采访时表示，"用热水（尤其是超过40℃的水）送服某些药物，会破坏药效，甚至增加风险。临 床中，我们就曾遇到过因用热水送服肠溶胶囊导致胃部不适、药物无效的案例。" 生病服药的时候，应该喝凉水还是热水？能否用茶水或饮料代替？其实，服药用水也有讲究，用什么样 的水送服、水量多少、水温高低等，都可能影响药效。 吃胶囊药不要用热水送服 专家介绍，胶囊是临床常见的药物剂型，但它有个弱点——怕热水。 根据胶囊"囊材"的不同，可分为明胶胶囊和植物胶囊。其中，明胶是应用最多的成囊材料，这是一种蛋 白质制品，成分中85%~90%为蛋白质，不溶于冷水，但容易在温水和热水中溶解。 有试验发现，胶囊在50℃的水里浸泡10秒钟，就会变软、变黏稠。哪怕胶囊外壳只是化了一部分，也会 变得像粘了一块泡泡糖一样，拉丝、发黏。 胶囊长时间和食管接触、在错误位置溶解、药物提前释放，可能会带来以下健康风险。 损伤食管 若胶囊 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of proper medication management for elderly patients with chronic diseases, highlighting common misconceptions and the need for informed decision-making regarding medication use [1][4]. Misconceptions about Medication - Misconception 1: Many elderly patients avoid medication due to fears of side effects, not realizing that the risks of untreated chronic diseases are far greater than the manageable side effects of medications [3][4]. - Misconception 2: Some elderly individuals believe that dietary supplements can replace prescribed medications, which poses significant risks due to potential interactions and the lack of therapeutic effects of supplements [5][6]. - Misconception 3: Patients often think that once a medication regimen is established, it does not need to be changed, ignoring the necessity for regular assessments and adjustments based on changing health conditions [8]. Importance of Regular Monitoring - Regular check-ups are crucial for optimizing medication dosages and updating treatment plans based on the patient's current health status [9][10][11]. - The article stresses that medication management should be dynamic, akin to updating a navigation system, to ensure safety and effectiveness in treatment [12]. Recommendations for Safe Medication Use - Follow medical advice strictly and avoid self-adjusting medication dosages [13]. - Schedule regular health check-ups to allow for necessary adjustments in treatment plans [14]. - Maintain open communication with healthcare providers about all medications being taken and any health concerns [15].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the health risks associated with expired medications, highlighting misconceptions about their safety and efficacy, particularly regarding both Western and traditional Chinese medicines [1][2][3]. Group 1: Misconceptions about Expired Medications - There is a prevalent belief that expired medications are safe to consume if they have not visibly changed, which is incorrect [1]. - Some individuals think that Western medicines have expiration dates while traditional Chinese medicines do not, which is misleading [1][3]. Group 2: Health Risks of Expired Medications - Expired medications can not only lose their effectiveness but may also undergo chemical changes that produce harmful substances [2]. - For instance, expired antibiotics may lose their ability to combat infections, potentially worsening health conditions [2]. - Certain medications, like aspirin, can decompose into harmful compounds that may cause gastrointestinal issues [2]. Group 3: Regulations and Storage of Traditional Chinese Medicine - The National Medical Products Administration has mandated that traditional Chinese medicine products must display expiration dates starting August 1, 2025, to ensure safety and efficacy [3]. - Proper storage of traditional Chinese medicines is crucial, as improper conditions can lead to spoilage and loss of effectiveness [3][8]. Group 4: Importance of Proper Storage - Effective storage conditions are essential for maintaining the safety and efficacy of medications, with specific temperature and humidity requirements [7]. - Medications should be stored according to their instructions, and opened products should be used within a specified timeframe to avoid contamination [6][7]. Group 5: Recommendations for Home Medicine Management - Regularly cleaning out home medicine cabinets and disposing of expired or spoiled medications is advised [8]. - Traditional Chinese medicines should be categorized and stored appropriately to prevent moisture and pest damage [8].

Core Viewpoint - The trend of "de-redundancy" and "professionalization" in family medicine cabinets reflects a shift towards rational health management, emphasizing "precise medication" over "blind stockpiling" of drugs, driven by improved accessibility to medical resources and services [1][2][3] Group 1: Evolution of Family Medicine Cabinets - The transition from stockpiling medications to precise management is exemplified by individuals like Ms. Li, who now only keeps essential medications, indicating a growing trust in public healthcare systems [2][3] - The rise of community pharmacists and family doctors has shifted the focus from self-service to professional guidance, enhancing personalized health management and efficient use of limited medical resources [2][3] Group 2: Challenges in Medication Management - Elderly patients often face medication management challenges, such as mixing prescription drugs with health supplements, leading to potential health risks due to drug interactions [4][5] - Misunderstandings about medication instructions and the belief that "more is better" can lead to non-compliance and adverse health outcomes among elderly patients [4][5] Group 3: Community Pharmacy Services - The emergence of community pharmacy services has made medication management more accessible, allowing for personalized consultations and medication tracking for elderly patients [7][8] - Community pharmacies play a crucial role in reducing the economic burden of medication costs through insurance policies that cover a significant portion of chronic disease medications [7][11] Group 4: Insurance Policies and Accessibility - Current insurance policies provide substantial coverage for chronic disease medications, significantly alleviating the financial burden on elderly patients [11][12] - However, there are still gaps in awareness and understanding of these policies among elderly patients, which can hinder their access to necessary medications [11][12] Group 5: Future Directions - The potential development of "smart medicine cabinets" linked to health management systems could enhance medication adherence and health monitoring for families [12] - A comprehensive approach that combines professional guidance, policy benefits, and family support is essential to address the medication challenges faced by the elderly population [12]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the health risks associated with consuming grapefruit, particularly its interaction with various medications, which can lead to increased drug levels in the bloodstream and potential overdose effects [3][4][5]. Summary by Sections Grapefruit Overview - Grapefruit, known for its rich aroma and refreshing taste, is popular among all age groups and is currently in season [2]. Health Risks - Grapefruit contains a compound called "furanocoumarin," which inhibits the activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme in the liver, essential for metabolizing many medications [4]. - This inhibition can lead to an accumulation of drugs in the bloodstream, resulting in overdose-like symptoms and increased side effects [4][5]. Affected Medications - A variety of medications are affected by grapefruit, including common antihypertensives, antibiotics, pain relievers, and medications for special conditions like cancer and insomnia [8]. - It is noted that over 85 medications are known to interact with grapefruit, with about half of these potentially causing severe adverse reactions [9]. Specific Drug Examples - The article lists several categories of drugs that are significantly impacted by grapefruit, including: - Antihypertensives (e.g., amlodipine, nifedipine) [6] - Cholesterol-lowering drugs (e.g., atorvastatin, simvastatin) [10] - Anticancer medications (e.g., erlotinib, lapatinib) [10] - Pain medications (e.g., oxycodone, fentanyl) [11] Recommendations - It is advised to avoid grapefruit entirely during medication use, as even consuming it hours apart does not mitigate the risk due to the prolonged enzyme inhibition [13][14]. - Grapefruit-flavored products, such as drinks or jams, should also be avoided if they contain grapefruit extract [15]. - Other citrus fruits like oranges and lemons also contain furanocoumarin but in lower amounts, thus should be consumed with caution [16][18].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of managing blood pressure for hypertensive patients during the cold season, highlighting the increased risk of cardiovascular issues due to temperature drops [1][6]. Group 1: Blood Pressure Management Strategies - The article outlines six core strategies to stabilize blood pressure during winter, focusing on warmth, monitoring, medication adherence, dietary adjustments, exercise, and maintaining a calm mindset [27]. - It suggests that patients should monitor their blood pressure more frequently, ideally in the morning before medication and at night before sleep [13][15]. - A blood pressure diary is recommended to track values and assist in medical consultations [14]. Group 2: Lifestyle Adjustments - Patients are advised to dress warmly, particularly protecting the head, neck, and feet, to prevent heat loss [7][10]. - It is crucial to avoid sudden temperature changes by acclimatizing in transitional areas before going outdoors [10]. - Regular exercise is encouraged, preferably during warmer parts of the day, while avoiding strenuous activities that could spike blood pressure [21][24]. Group 3: Dietary Recommendations - The article stresses the importance of a low-salt diet, recommending a daily intake of less than 5 grams of salt [18]. - Increasing potassium-rich foods like bananas and spinach is advised to help counteract high blood pressure [20]. - A balanced diet with adequate protein and plenty of fruits and vegetables is essential for overall health [19]. Group 4: Emotional and Behavioral Considerations - Maintaining emotional stability is crucial, as stress and anxiety can lead to spikes in blood pressure [26]. - Establishing a regular sleep schedule and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are also highlighted as important factors in managing blood pressure [26].

Core Insights - The article highlights the successful implementation of a county-level medical community model in Dangtu County, which enhances access to healthcare services for local residents [4][5][6] Group 1: Medical Community Model - The Dangtu County People's Hospital has been recognized as a provincial-level demonstration unit for a tightly-knit county medical community, which integrates management of resources across village and town health institutions [4][5] - The model allows for expert medical services to be provided closer to home, reducing the need for patients to travel to larger hospitals [4][5] - The county hospital's management approach includes optimizing the healthcare system and resource integration to improve service delivery [5] Group 2: Patient Experience and Outcomes - A case study of a patient, Ding Xiaoqin, illustrates the benefits of the model, as she underwent a successful surgery at a local health center without needing to visit a larger hospital [4][5] - The number of inpatient visits at the town health center increased by 19.8% year-on-year in the first three quarters of the year, indicating growing trust and utilization of local healthcare services [5] - Post-surgery, Ding Xiaoqin reported a smooth recovery and a return to work, showcasing the effectiveness of local healthcare delivery [6] Group 3: Future Developments - The Dangtu County Health Commission plans to further develop the medical community model by establishing specialized departments in town health centers and training key personnel [6] - The goal is to increase the local consultation rate to 90%, ensuring that high-quality medical services are more deeply rooted and widely available in the community [6]

Industry Overview - The global pharmaceutical market is projected to reach USD 1,649.7 billion in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8%, expected to grow to USD 2,480.5 billion by 2035, with chemical drugs dominating the market, anticipated to grow to USD 1,518.3 billion at a CAGR of 2.0% during the same period [2][5] - The Chinese pharmaceutical market is expected to reach CNY 178.16 billion in 2024, with a higher CAGR of 6.3%, projected to grow to CNY 349.7 billion by 2035, while the chemical drug market is expected to grow to CNY 115.54 billion at a CAGR of 2.2% [5][7] Opportunities in the Industry - The pharmaceutical industry is experiencing significant opportunities due to changes in population structure and disease patterns, with an increase in the burden of tumors and chronic diseases driving demand for treatment drugs such as anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, and antihypertensive medications [7][8] - There is a growing public awareness of health management and chronic disease prevention, leading to increased demand for high-quality medical services and drugs, particularly in emerging markets where economic development and rising income levels enhance access to advanced medical technologies and drugs [8] Technological Innovation and Industry Upgrade - Technological innovation and industry upgrade are key drivers of high-quality development in the Chinese pharmaceutical industry, particularly in new drug research and development, which is crucial for enhancing national pharmaceutical innovation capabilities and international competitiveness [8] - Advances in biotechnology and the integration of information technology are transforming new drug development, with applications such as gene editing and synthetic biology providing new possibilities for drug discovery and design [8] - Digital applications are permeating all aspects of new drug development, from big data analysis accelerating drug screening to artificial intelligence assisting in drug design, reshaping the pharmaceutical research and development ecosystem [8]

Group 1: Tariff Impacts on Industries - Trump's announcement of a 100% tariff on imported pharmaceuticals has raised concerns among global pharmaceutical companies, particularly as Pfizer received a three-year exemption, leading to questions about preferential treatment [1] - The new tariffs on heavy trucks (25%), kitchen cabinets (50%), and furniture (30%) are expected to significantly increase costs for American consumers, with some estimates suggesting that home renovation costs could rise by 30% due to the tariffs on imported cabinets [2][3] - The service industry, particularly Hollywood, is facing unprecedented challenges with a proposed 100% tariff on films, which could drastically reduce box office revenues and increase ticket prices [2][3] Group 2: Market Reactions and Adjustments - Pharmaceutical companies are reacting to the tariff situation, with executives from Merck and Johnson & Johnson frequently visiting Washington to discuss their concerns over the tariff exemptions granted to Pfizer [3][5] - The furniture market is experiencing turmoil, with manufacturers in Vietnam and China recalculating costs due to the new tariffs, and some retailers adjusting prices to reflect the anticipated increases [4][5] - The wood market is also affected, with Canadian softwood lumber producers facing additional tariffs, leading to production cuts and increased prices for American builders [3][6] Group 3: Federal Reserve's Position - The Federal Reserve is navigating a complex situation where tariffs could push inflation higher, yet current inflation pressures are reported to be lower than expected, complicating monetary policy decisions [3][4] - Fed officials are divided on the need for further rate cuts, with some advocating for a more aggressive approach while others express concerns about the fragile labor market [2][5] - The Fed's upcoming meetings are set against the backdrop of new tariffs, with potential implications for employment and inflation forecasts [6]

Core Viewpoint - The recent imposition of a 100% tariff on imported patented drugs by the U.S. has caused significant turmoil in the German pharmaceutical industry, which heavily relies on the U.S. market for exports and is now facing severe financial and operational challenges [1][3][5] Group 1: Impact on German Pharmaceutical Companies - The U.S. is a major market for German pharmaceutical exports, with an expected revenue of €27 billion in 2024, accounting for 25% of the total industry exports [3] - The sudden tariff increase has led to concerns among German pharmaceutical companies, with some facing a potential doubling of costs, forcing them to either raise prices or absorb losses [3][4] - Smaller German pharmaceutical firms, which make up 90% of the industry, lack the financial resources to build U.S. factories to qualify for tariff exemptions, putting them at a significant disadvantage [3][4] Group 2: Supply Chain and Pricing Issues - The tariff could disrupt the supply chain for essential drugs, as Germany imports many raw materials and finished products from the U.S., leading to potential shortages and price increases for consumers [4] - Reports indicate that the prices of U.S. imported medications have already risen by 10%, affecting patients who rely on these drugs [4] - The economic implications of the tariff suggest that the costs will ultimately be passed on to patients, exacerbating the already high drug prices in the U.S. [4][5] Group 3: Reactions from Industry Leaders - The German Research-Based Pharmaceutical Association has condemned the tariff as a blatant violation of agreements, warning that ongoing instability could freeze investments and threaten the viability of smaller companies [3][5] - Bayer's CEO has expressed concerns that continued policy fluctuations will weaken research and development capabilities within the industry [5] - The rapid changes in trade policy have led to a loss of trust among European companies, making them hesitant to engage in future business with the U.S. [5]