2021年1月15日，在德国慕尼黑，人们在一家药店购买药品。新华社发（菲利普·鲁伊兹摄） "药品短缺可能对患者造成严重后果，削弱公共卫生体系，医生、药店和国家都将承受高昂代 价。"主导这次审计的欧洲审计团成员克劳斯·海纳·莱纳说，"欧盟需要有效方案来解决（药品）严重短 缺问题，且必须从根源上解决，这是关乎欧盟战略自主的事务。" 新华社北京9月19日电 欧盟审计机构欧洲审计团17日发布报告指出，由于供应链脆弱、内部市场分 割等结构性问题，欧盟至今未能找到有效解决方案，常用抗生素、疫苗等药品短缺现象仍将持续存在。 亟待"诊治" 关乎"欧盟战略自主" 这份题为《严重药品短缺：欧盟措施发挥作用，但结构性问题犹存》的报告指出，2022年1月至 2024年10月，欧盟各国共报告136种药品"严重短缺"，药品短缺现象在2023年和2024年最为严重。 一个是欧盟本身药品供应链"脆弱"。部分药品，特别是抗生素和止痛药的生产依赖亚洲地区，而一 些成员国为应对短缺，开始大量囤积药品，不与其他成员国协调步伐，导致其他成员国药品短缺情况恶 化。报告说，欧盟先前制定首个覆盖全欧盟的"关键药品清单"是解决这一问题的重要一步，但迄今为止 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses common skin issues during the late summer and early autumn, emphasizing the impact of high temperatures, humidity, and increased insect activity on skin health [1] Group 1: Common Skin Issues - Common skin problems during this season include sunburn, heat rash, summer dermatitis (such as eczema), and insect bite dermatitis [1] - Sunburn symptoms typically appear 2-6 hours after exposure, including redness, burning, and severe cases may lead to blisters and systemic symptoms like fever and fatigue [1] - Summer dermatitis often manifests as small red bumps or blisters on the limbs, causing intense itching and potential skin thickening and pigmentation changes with repeated episodes [1] Group 2: Prevention and Treatment - To prevent heat rash, it is crucial to maintain a cool environment, bathe frequently, and avoid greasy skincare products [2] - For sunburn, the first 6 hours post-exposure are critical for treatment, involving cool compresses and topical corticosteroids [2] - Insect bite dermatitis can be managed by washing the area immediately and applying soothing treatments like calamine lotion or mild steroid creams [3] Group 3: Specific Recommendations - For heat rash, using refrigerated saline or honeysuckle water can alleviate symptoms, and in cases of pustular heat rash, topical antibiotics may be necessary [2] - For insect bites, immediate washing and cold compresses are recommended, especially for bee stings where the stinger should be removed promptly [3] - Fungal infections in humid conditions can be treated with antifungal creams, while eczema management focuses on skin barrier repair and controlled bathing practices [3]