来源：环球网 【环球网科技综合报道】据路透社12月11日报道，欧盟委员会正以苹果应用商店的整改措施为标杆，评 估谷歌应用商店的合规情况，若谷歌后续整改仍未达标，最早将于2025年第一季度面临欧盟开出的巨额 罚款。 这一监管动态源于《数字市场法》的落地执行。今年初，欧盟已以违反该法案为由，对苹果处以5亿欧 元罚款。受此推动，苹果推出应用商店全面整改方案，尽管欧盟尚未公开认可，但该方案已悄然成为监 管机构衡量行业合规性的"隐形标尺"。 反观谷歌，其今年8月公布的整改措施被指"力度不足"。谷歌虽将开发者"初始获取费"从10%降至3%， 还推出分级收费模式，但欧盟认为，其在"允许开发者引导用户至第三方支付渠道"等核心要求上仍有差 距。而苹果的整改方案因更贴近欧盟对"公平竞争"的界定，成为对比参照的基准。 值得注意的是，两大科技巨头的整改框架均颇为复杂，直接对比难度较大，但欧盟的态度已明确——以 苹果现有方案为参照，倒逼谷歌进一步让步。目前谷歌仍有补救空间，可通过补充整改措施避免罚款， 但留给其的时间已不多。 业内分析指出，欧盟此举标志着应用商店监管进入"标杆化"阶段。苹果从"被罚者"转变为"参照系"的转 变，不仅将加 ...

Core Viewpoint - Google's appeal regarding the order to modify its app store in the lawsuit with Epic Games has been rejected by the court [1] Group 1 - The court ruling indicates a significant setback for Google in its ongoing legal battle with Epic Games [1] - The decision may have implications for how app stores operate and the regulations they must adhere to in the future [1]

Core Points - Texas Governor Greg Abbott signed a bill requiring Apple and Google to verify the age of users in their app stores, making Texas a focal point in the debate over regulating children's and teenagers' smartphone usage [1] - Another legislative proposal has passed the Texas House and is awaiting a Senate vote, which would restrict social media app usage for users under 18 years old [1]

Core Viewpoint - In 2024, Google was found guilty of monopolistic practices by a U.S. court due to exclusive agreements with Apple and Samsung, leading to a hearing to determine the penalties for Google, with the U.S. Department of Justice advocating for severe measures, including the divestiture of the Chrome browser and opening search data to competitors, while Google proposed milder remedies [1]. Group 1: Network Effects and Market Barriers - Network effects create a barrier to entry in the search engine industry, where the value of a service increases with the number of users, making it difficult for new entrants to compete against established players like Google [2]. - The self-reinforcing nature of network effects, combined with the Matthew effect, allows Google to continuously enhance its search engine and related products, resulting in a significant competitive advantage [3]. Group 2: Proposed Penalties by the DOJ - The DOJ's proposed penalties include prohibiting Google from entering into exclusive contracts that prevent competitors from gaining market access, which would lower the switching costs for users and weaken Google's network effects [5]. - The DOJ also suggested the divestiture of the Chrome browser, although recent discussions indicate that this requirement may be softened, focusing instead on preventing bundled sales [6]. - Another key proposal involves mandating Google to share search index, advertising data, and user behavior data to eliminate information barriers, which could significantly undermine Google's competitive edge [7]. Group 3: Google's Suggested Remedies - Google proposed to cease exclusive agreements that limit market competition, including not forcing the pre-installation of its services on devices, which would impact its search engine's network effects [10]. - Google also agreed to submit annual compliance reports and allow third-party complaints regarding its compliance with antitrust regulations, indicating a willingness to cooperate with oversight mechanisms [12].