Strategic Background - Energy security and green transition are dual challenges faced by the industry, necessitating the establishment of a modern energy system as outlined in the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2][11] - China's reliance on imported energy is significant, with oil and natural gas dependency rates at 72% and 45% respectively, highlighting the risks associated with external supply uncertainties [2][3] - The urgency of achieving carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 imposes immediate requirements for energy structure adjustment and green transformation [2][3] Multi-Wheel Drive Strategy - The "multi-wheel drive" strategy leverages the unique advantages of various energy types, positioning coal as the "ballast stone" for energy security, oil and gas as stabilizers, nuclear energy as a base-load power source, and renewable energy as a growth driver [3][4] - This strategy aims to create a resilient and low-carbon energy supply system through the complementary advantages and collaborative innovation of different energy types [3][4] Energy Supply System Development - During the "14th Five-Year" period, China is promoting the coordinated development of coal, oil, gas, nuclear, and renewable energy through technological innovation and industrial upgrades [4][5] - Coal's clean and efficient utilization is emphasized, with initiatives to enhance efficiency and reduce emissions through advanced technologies like ultra-supercritical power generation [4][5] - Oil and gas sector reforms are underway to optimize the market system, enhancing resource allocation efficiency and supply stability [4][5] Future Outlook - Renewable energy will be the primary focus for high-quality development in the energy transition, with significant advancements expected in wind and solar power [8][9] - Traditional energy sources will continue to play a crucial role in ensuring energy security, with efforts to enhance clean utilization technologies and develop unconventional oil and gas resources [9][10] - The integration of energy technology and innovation will drive the intelligent upgrade of the energy system, improving efficiency and flexibility across the energy production, transmission, and consumption chain [10][11]

Core Viewpoint - The forum focused on the collaborative governance of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, discussing key technologies and future development paths in this area [1][2]. Group 1: Research Progress and Future Outlook - The primary task in collaborative governance is to establish a framework for synergistic research, addressing the lack of deep coupling between human activities and natural systems [2]. - Future research should enhance systematization, intelligence, and precision, targeting heterogeneous governance across different industries [2]. - A shift from static assessments to dynamic collaborative simulations is necessary, emphasizing the integration of multiple objectives, factors, and scales [2]. Group 2: Key Issues and Technological Needs - Future technologies should focus on decision-making management needs for pollution and carbon reduction, exploring the principles of human-driven emissions and control mechanisms [2]. - The steel industry should implement comprehensive upgrades in ultra-low emission technologies, cover all types of pollutants, integrate CCUS with production, and establish a comprehensive pollution and carbon reduction standard system [2]. - In wastewater treatment, energy-saving and carbon-reducing core technologies should be summarized, particularly in underground wastewater treatment systems [2]. Group 3: Expert Consensus and Discussion - Experts agreed that the practical integration of pollution reduction and carbon reduction needs to be strengthened [3]. - There is a consensus that future collaborative efforts require interdisciplinary cooperation to support the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy and improve environmental governance [3].