特朗普在集会上挥着手臂，信誓旦旦说要"接管"委内瑞拉石油的时候，台下爆发出一阵欢呼。 很多人可能真以为，美国又要捡个大便宜，全球油价都得抖 三抖。 但如果你把镜头从激昂的演讲台，切换到委内瑞拉荒芜的油田现场，看到的会是另一番景象：生锈的泵机一动不动，破裂的管道边油污渗进泥土， 整个系统寂静得像一座生锈的坟场。 这里躺着全球第一的石油储量，但也埋着一个天价陷阱。 有专业评估算过，想把这摊死水盘活，让产量恢复到二十年前的水平，最少得往里砸1000亿美 元，还得耐心等上十年。 这不是挖金矿，这简直是在往一个看不见底的海沟里倒金砖。 为什么这么说？ 首先你得明白，委内瑞拉的石油，跟咱们平常在新闻里看到的沙特、俄罗斯的油，压根不是一回事。 沙特的油，那是老天爷赏饭吃，地下 压力大，管子一插，油自己就喷出来了，品质高，好炼，几乎就是"流动的美元"。 但委内瑞拉的油，有个不太光彩的外号，叫"垃圾油之王"。 它的储量确 实吓人，三千亿桶，占全球百分之十七，妥妥的世界第一。 可这些油，绝大多数是又黑又稠的重质原油和超重质原油。 这东西黏糊到什么程度？ 在常温下，它根本流不动，跟铺马路的沥青一个德行，你用勺子挖都费劲。 里面还裹 ...

来源：滚动播报 美军在加勒比海域限制石油出口，叠加地面打击威胁持续施压马杜罗政权，委内瑞拉境内储量最丰富油 田的原油产量正不断走低。委内瑞拉国家石油公司的内部数据显示，12月29日，奥里诺科重油带原油日 产量降至49.8131万桶，较两周前减少25%。由于储油空间即将耗尽，且石油出口进程受阻，这家国营 石油企业已开始关闭部分油田的油井。奥里诺科重油带以出产超重质原油和重质原油为主，其产量长期 占据委内瑞拉全国原油总产量的近三分之二。 ...

Core Insights - Venezuela possesses the largest oil reserves globally, totaling 303.2 billion barrels, surpassing Saudi Arabia's reserves by 36.2 billion barrels. However, despite this wealth, the country faces severe economic challenges, including a staggering inflation rate of 130,060% in 2018 and a significant drop in per capita GDP, which evaporated by $10,000 over five years [1][12]. Oil Quality and Extraction Challenges - While Venezuela's oil reserves are vast, the quality is poor, with 74% of the reserves being extra-heavy crude oil located in the Orinoco Belt. This type of oil is difficult to refine and process [3][5]. - The API gravity index, which measures oil quality, indicates that Venezuelan oil has an API of only 8 to 12, making it nearly immobile and requiring high extraction costs of $16.5 to $23.5 per barrel, with total costs potentially reaching $50 to $60 per barrel [5][7]. Production Decline and Economic Impact - Venezuela's oil production has drastically declined from 1.9 million barrels per day in 2015 to just 350,000 barrels per day in 2020, with a slight recovery to 1.048 million barrels per day by March 2025. This represents only 1% of the global daily production of 100 million barrels [10][20]. - The country's oil industry has suffered from a lack of investment and maintenance, leading to outdated facilities and low recovery rates, with some fields achieving less than 20% recovery compared to Saudi Arabia's 70% [8][10]. Government Policies and Economic Mismanagement - The Venezuelan government has historically mismanaged the oil sector, using the state-owned PDVSA as a cash cow without reinvesting in infrastructure or technology. This has led to a significant talent drain, with over 6 million Venezuelans, including many oil professionals, leaving the country between 2014 and 2020 [10][12]. - The government's monetary policy, characterized by excessive money printing to cover fiscal deficits, has resulted in hyperinflation and a devaluation of the currency, further exacerbating the economic crisis [12][13]. Sanctions and Market Dependency - U.S. sanctions have severely restricted Venezuela's ability to trade oil, particularly with American markets, leading to a significant drop in oil exports. In 2025, sanctions intensified, resulting in a 120,000-barrel decrease in exports compared to the previous year [14][16]. - China has become Venezuela's largest oil importer, with daily imports reaching 584,000 barrels in May 2025, a year-on-year increase of 11.21%. However, this dependency on China is precarious, as falling oil prices could lead to further financial losses for Venezuela [16][18]. Economic Viability and Future Outlook - Despite efforts to maintain oil production above 850,000 barrels per day, this volume is insufficient to support a population of 28 million, compounded by heavy external debt and ongoing U.S. sanctions, leaving the economy on the brink of collapse [20].