Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the construction of a scientific and robust monetary policy system and a comprehensive macro-prudential management system, emphasizing the need to narrow the interest rate corridor to enhance the effectiveness of the central bank's policy rates [1][10]. Summary by Sections Monetary Policy Framework - The central bank aims to strengthen the role of policy interest rates and narrow the width of the short-term interest rate corridor, facilitating the transmission from policy rates to market benchmark rates [1][10]. - The current interest rate corridor has a width of 240 basis points, which has led to instances where market benchmark rates significantly deviate from policy rates, weakening the guiding effect of the policy rates [9][10]. New Interest Rate Corridor - The proposed new corridor will have an upper limit set by the temporary overnight reverse repurchase rate and a lower limit set by the temporary overnight repurchase rate, with a reduced width of 70 basis points, a decrease of 135 basis points from the original corridor [2][10]. - The market benchmark rate may shift from DR007 to DR001, indicating a tighter control over short-term interest rates [2][12]. Implications of a Wider Corridor - A wider interest rate corridor has been criticized for allowing significant deviations of market rates from policy rates, which can lead to excessive leverage in the market [9][10]. - The corridor was established post-2015 to stabilize short-term market rates, but instances of DR007 falling below policy rates have raised concerns about its effectiveness [6][8]. Challenges in Adjusting the Corridor - Adjusting the corridor involves potential challenges, such as the impact on market expectations and the need to balance the upper and lower limits effectively [4][11]. - The central bank may face difficulties in incentivizing banks to lend to the real economy if the excess reserve rate is raised, as it could lead to a preference for holding funds at the central bank [11][12]. Future Developments - The central bank has indicated that narrowing the interest rate corridor is essential for clearer communication of monetary policy objectives and enhancing the guiding role of policy rates [10][12]. - The new corridor structure has already begun to take shape, with the market benchmark rate now fluctuating within the newly defined limits, indicating a more effective monetary policy transmission mechanism [12][14].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core Viewpoints - Despite the recent Fed rate cut, the US dollar liquidity has tightened instead of loosening, leading to price fluctuations in various assets and significant declines in risk assets [1][2] - The current tightening of US dollar liquidity is mainly caused by the depletion of ONRRP and the accumulation of funds in the TGA account due to the US government shutdown [3] - Whether this liquidity crunch will persist depends on when the US government shutdown ends and the Fed's subsequent operations. If the two parties reach an agreement and the government re - opens, or the Fed injects liquidity, the market may return to normal [4] Summary by Related Content Liquidity Tightening Indicators - **Volume Indicators**: At the end of October, the New York Fed's repurchase volume approached $50 billion, and in early November, the daily average repurchase volume remained at a high level of nearly $15 billion, indicating a normal and continuous liquidity crunch [1][7] - **Price Indicators**: On October 31, the US secured overnight financing rate (SOFR) climbed to 4.22%. Although it dropped to 4.13% on November 4, it was still much higher than the Fed's 3.9% excess reserve rate, with a spread of 23bp, the highest since July 29, 2021 [1][10] Impact on Asset Prices - **US Dollar**: The US dollar index rose from 99.15 on October 29 to 100.21 on November 4 [2][14] - **US Stocks**: The S&P 500 index fell from 6891 points on October 29 to 6772 points on November 4, a cumulative decline of 1.7% [2][14] Causes of Liquidity Tightening - **ONRRP Depletion**: ONRRP has dropped to a historical low, with an average daily volume of $11.8 billion since October. As the "US dollar reservoir", its exhaustion means that each financing of the fiscal TGA account consumes bank reserves, intensifying the liquidity crunch [3][16] - **US Government Shutdown**: During the shutdown, the TGA account balance increased from $758 billion before the shutdown in September to nearly $1 trillion in October, the highest since May 2021, exacerbating the "pumping effect" on the financial market [3][16] Historical Cases of TGA Account Balance Increase - **2020**: Due to the public health event, the TGA account balance increased from $0.38 trillion at the end of March to $1.79 trillion at the end of July, leading to a liquidity crunch. But the market liquidity expanded with the Fed's injection, and the stock market recovered after an initial slump [3][19] - **2022**: After the US Congress approved raising the debt ceiling at the end of 2021, the increase in Treasury bond issuance in 2022 led to a decline in US stocks from the end of March and a strengthening of the US dollar, but the impact only lasted until May [3][19] - **2023**: After the suspension of the debt ceiling in mid - 2023, the Treasury's large - scale bond issuance to rebuild the TGA cash buffer led to a decline in US stocks and a strengthening of the US dollar. The impact weakened after the TGA account balance started to decline in October [3][19] Future Outlook - The persistence of the current liquidity crunch depends on the end of the US government shutdown and the Fed's subsequent operations. If the government re - opens or the Fed injects liquidity, the market may return to the previous trend [4][23]