新华社柏林12月17日电 题：德国汽车业"巨象"转身难 面对严峻财务形势，大众计划到2030年前在德国削减约3.5万个岗位，占其德国员工总数约四分之 一。德国汽车行业人士指出，德累斯顿工厂关厂打破了长期以来"德国本土产线不可触碰"的行业惯例， 反映出德国汽车行业面临高成本压力，电动化转型困难重重。 转型陷入困局 当前，德国汽车业正处于转型"十字路口"。一方面，电动化进程仍在推进，传统零部件供应链企业 因转型缓慢，频频陷入破产和裁员；另一方面，德国整车制造商虽不断加大技术投入，但在智能化、电 动化快速演进的技术竞争中并不占据明显优势。 咨询公司安永的最新分析显示，2025年第三季度，大众、宝马和梅赛德斯-奔驰三大德国车企的息 税前利润合计约17亿欧元，同比暴跌76%，创下2009年以来最低水平。 安永汽车行业专家康斯坦丁·加尔指出，高端市场需求疲软、美国关税政策带来外部冲击、电动车 领域高额投入尚未回本，以及企业重组成本攀升等多重因素叠加，对德国车企形成多方面挑战。 新华社记者李函林 德国大众汽车位于德累斯顿的工厂16日停产，这是大众成立88年来首次关闭德国本土整车工厂。这 一标志性事件再次凸显德国车企在转型过 ...

Core Viewpoint - The closure of Volkswagen's "Transparent Factory" in Dresden marks a significant shift in the company's strategy, transitioning from automotive production to a focus on technology and innovation, driven by market pressures and the need for efficiency [6][15][36]. Group 1: Factory Closure and Transition - The "Transparent Factory" will officially cease production on December 16, 2025, marking the first closure of a vehicle manufacturing plant in Germany in Volkswagen's 88-year history [6][10]. - Initially, Volkswagen planned to retain only 135 jobs at the factory, but after negotiations, this number was increased to 155 [6][10]. - The factory will be transformed into an innovation center in collaboration with Dresden University of Technology, with a commitment to invest over €50 million (approximately $58.3 million) over the next seven years [7][10]. Group 2: Economic Pressures and Strategic Decisions - Volkswagen's decision to close the factory is influenced by multiple market pressures, including weak demand in China, sluggish consumption in Europe, and high tariffs in the U.S. [16][20]. - The factory's production efficiency has been a concern, with a total output of less than 200,000 vehicles over 22 years, which is significantly lower than the output of Volkswagen's main plant in Wolfsburg [16][18]. - The company is facing a projected cash flow shortfall of €11 billion for its 2026 investment plan, leading to delays in approving strategic projects [23][25]. Group 3: Future Plans and Challenges - The innovation center will focus on high-tech fields such as artificial intelligence, microelectronics, chip design, materials science, robotics, and circular economy technologies [7][10]. - The transition will still allow the facility to function as a new car delivery center and an industrial tourism site, maintaining its "transparent" ethos [12][36]. - However, there are unresolved issues regarding the qualifications of personnel needed for the innovation center and the financing of the transformation [13][12]. Group 4: Financial Implications and Cost Savings - Volkswagen aims to save approximately €1.5 billion annually in labor costs through capacity and personnel reductions, with a total production capacity reduction of 734,000 vehicles in Germany [31][32]. - The company has reduced its five-year investment budget from €180 billion to €160 billion to alleviate financial pressure and focus on core business areas [27][36]. - The restructuring is seen as a necessary step to regain control and shape the company's future in the face of evolving market dynamics [36].