证券代码：002054 证券简称：德美化工 广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 投资者关系活动记录表 编号：20170918-1 | --- | --- | --- | |----------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | 投资者关系活动 | | 特定对象调研 □分析师会议 | | 类别 | □媒体采访 □业绩说明会 | | | | □ 新闻发布会 □路演活动 | | | | □现场参观 | | | | □ | 其他 （请文字说明其他活动内容） | | 参与单位名称及 | 中信证券研究部 张樨樨女士 | | | 人员姓名 | 深圳市凯丰投资管理有限公司 | 刘建先生 | | 时间 | 2017 年 09 月 18 | 日（星期一） 16:00 | | 地点 | 公司研发中心会议室 | | | 上市公司接待人 | 董事 史捷锋先生 | | | 员姓名 | 董事会秘书 朱闽翀先生 | | | | 证券部经理 潘大可女士 | | ...

证券代码：002054 证券简称：德美化工 广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 投资者关系活动记录表 编号：20200825-1 | --- | --- | --- | |-------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | 投资者关系活动 | □ | 特定对象调研 □分析师会议 | | 类别 | □ | 媒体采访 □业绩说明会 | | | □ | 新闻发布会 √路演活动 | | | □ 现场参观 | | | | □ | 其他 （请文字说明其他活动内容） | | 参与单位名称及 人员姓名 | 光大证券：傅锴铭 银华基金：侯杰翰 泰康资产：曹令、刘少军、陈佳艺 | | | | 新华基金：陈谦 人寿养老：汪欢吉 建信养老：纪石 大家资产：张翔 中信建投基金：扈波 北京信托 ...

证券代码：002054 证券简称：德美化工 1 广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 投资者关系活动记录表 编号：20200828-2 | --- | --- | --- | |-----------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | 投资者关系活动 | □ | 特定对象调研 □分析师会议 | | 类别 | □ | 媒体采访 □业绩说明会 | | | □ 新闻发布会 √路演活动 | | | | □ 现场参观 | | | | □ | 其他 （请文字说明其他活动内容） | | 参与单位名称及 | 中欧基金：王习 平安养老：王晓林 上投摩根：冯自 ...

证券代码：002054 证券简称：德美化工 广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 投资者关系活动记录表 编号：20181227-1 | --- | --- | --- | |----------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------| | | | | | 投资者关系活动 | 特定对象调研 □分析师会议 | | | 类别 | □媒体采访 □业绩说明会 | | | | □ 新闻发布会 □路演活动 | | | | □现场参观 | | | | □ 其他 （请文字说明其他活动内容） | | | 参与单位名称及 | 第一创业证券股份有限公司 | 李耀权 | | 人员姓名 | 万联证券股份有限公司 | 古振华 | | | 信达证券 | 王涛 | | | 国信证券 | 邱威等 3 人 | | | 民生证券 | 杜永红 | | | 国元证券 | 肖帆等 2 人 | | | 申万宏源证券 | 周巍岳 | | | 新晟期货有限公司 | 熊汉春 | | | 长江证券 | 吴兵兵等 2 人 | | | 华泰证券 | 杨思羽 | | | 川财证券 | 吴孔 ...

证券代码： 002054 证券简称：德美化工 广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 投资者关系活动记录表 编号：2022-002 | --- | --- | --- | |-------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...

广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 2022 年第三季度报告 证券代码：002054 证券简称：德美化工 公告编号：2022-073 广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 2022 年第三季度报告 本公司及董事会全体成员保证信息披露的内容真实、准确、完整，没有虚假记载、误导性陈述或重大遗漏。 重要内容提示： 1.董事会、监事会及董事、监事、高级管理人员保证季度报告的真实、准确、完整，不存在虚假记载、误导性陈述或重 大遗漏，并承担个别和连带的法律责任。 2.公司负责人、主管会计工作负责人及会计机构负责人(会计主管人员)声明：保证季度报告中财务信息的真实、准确、 完整。 3.第三季度报告是否经过审计 □是 否 1 广东德美精细化工集团股份有限公司 2022 年第三季度报告 一、主要财务数据 （一） 主要会计数据和财务指标 公司是否需追溯调整或重述以前年度会计数据 □是 否 | | 本报告期 | 本报告期比上年同期 | 年初至报告期末 | 年初至报告期末比上 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | 增减 | | 年同期增减 | | 营业收入（元） | 648,687,014.98 ...

Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for the first half of 2022 was ¥1,178,244,400.02, representing a 24.55% increase compared to ¥945,988,199.92 in the same period last year[22]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders of the listed company was ¥80,347,488.20, up 30.28% from ¥61,671,189.19 in the previous year[22]. - The net cash flow from operating activities increased significantly by 323.38%, reaching ¥259,606,469.82 compared to ¥61,317,247.57 in the same period last year[22]. - Basic earnings per share rose by 27.45% to ¥0.1667 from ¥0.1308 in the previous year[22]. - Total assets at the end of the reporting period were ¥6,164,619,912.53, an increase of 8.62% from ¥5,675,419,258.88 at the end of the previous year[22]. - The net assets attributable to shareholders of the listed company increased by 2.45% to ¥2,477,101,393.07 from ¥2,417,870,164.85 at the end of the previous year[22]. - The company reported a significant reduction in financial expenses by 99.52%, primarily due to a shift from foreign exchange losses to gains[67]. - The company’s total assets as of June 30, 2022, amounted to CNY 6,164.62 million, with current assets accounting for 40.47% and non-current assets for 59.53%[62]. - Revenue for the reporting period increased by 24.55% year-on-year, reaching CNY 1,178.24 million, primarily due to rising prices of tar products and revenue recognition from the subsidiary Derong Chemical during trial production[64][67]. - Operating profit rose by 22.94% year-on-year, driven by the increase in revenue, while net profit per share increased by 27.45% to CNY 0.1667[65]. Market and Industry Trends - The textile chemicals segment is expected to see stable growth in demand due to increasing personalized and customized needs in the domestic market[30]. - The leather chemicals industry is facing challenges due to the emergence of leather substitutes and changing consumer habits, leading to an overall contraction in the domestic leather industry[31]. - The company aims to develop high-value domestic markets for petroleum resins, as over 70% of consumption is concentrated in East and South China coastal regions[33]. - The company is focusing on energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies in the textile chemicals industry, which is becoming a development trend[30]. - The company has established a strong partnership with Wacker Chemie AG since 2005 to enhance its product offerings in silicone functional finishing agents[35]. - The company has expanded its market coverage for waterproof agents and strengthened the market position of its advantageous products in the leather chemicals segment[39]. - The company has established a presence in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Vietnam, to expand its market reach[57]. Risk Management and Internal Controls - The company plans to strengthen customer credit management to mitigate risks associated with customer operational difficulties[4]. - The company will enhance internal management to track raw material price trends and take timely measures to reduce risk impacts[4]. - The company is facing risks from raw material price fluctuations, particularly in petrochemical products, and aims to strengthen internal management to track price trends[105]. - The company has implemented a centralized procurement model for textile and leather chemicals to mitigate risks related to raw material shortages and ensure inventory efficiency[43]. - The company has established a management mechanism to prevent exchange rate risks due to its international operations[106]. Environmental Compliance and Sustainability - The company has implemented measures to ensure compliance with environmental standards, including monitoring and reporting discharge levels[117]. - The company is committed to reducing emissions and improving environmental performance in line with regulatory requirements[117]. - The company has established a comprehensive environmental management system to monitor and control emissions effectively[118]. - The company is focusing on enhancing its environmental performance by reducing emissions across various pollutants[118]. - The company has invested CNY 5.4234 million in environmental protection, safety production, and occupational health during the reporting period[148]. - The company has implemented continuous monitoring systems for emissions, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations[118]. Investment and Financial Strategy - The company raised a total of RMB 462.20 million through a non-public offering, with a net amount of RMB 441.01 million after deducting related expenses[94]. - The company has ongoing projects with a total investment of RMB 1.54 billion, with 80% of the funding sourced from self-owned capital[90]. - The company has not engaged in any securities or derivative investments during the reporting period[91][92]. - The company reported a total of RMB 11.10 million in unutilized raised funds, which are held in a special account and large deposits at the Agricultural Bank of China[95]. - The company has a total approved guarantee amount of 242,250,000 for subsidiaries[174]. Corporate Governance and Management Changes - The company reported a significant management change with the retirement of Vice General Manager Shi Jiefeng, who will continue as a board member[189]. - The company appointed Zhang Mingzhi as the new vice president to support business development, effective immediately[194]. - The company has undergone changes in accounting policies to better reflect its financial status and comply with new regulations issued by the Ministry of Finance[195]. Subsidiary Performance - The company’s major subsidiaries significantly contribute to its net profit, with some exceeding 10%[102]. - The company reported a revenue of 555.75 million for its subsidiary Sichuan Tingjiang New Materials, with a net profit of 236.94 million, reflecting a profit margin of approximately 42.25%[104]. - Zhejiang Derong Chemical's revenue reached 2.80 billion, with a net profit of 212.05 million, indicating a profit margin of about 7.58%[104]. Future Outlook and Strategic Initiatives - The company is focusing on expanding its market presence, with plans to increase its user base by 30% in the upcoming quarters[184]. - New product development is underway, with an emphasis on innovative solutions aimed at enhancing customer satisfaction and market competitiveness[184]. - The company has set a performance guidance of 25 million for the next quarter, indicating a cautious but optimistic outlook[184]. - The company plans to invest 25 million USD in research and development for new technologies over the next year[185]. - Overall, the company is optimistic about achieving a total revenue of 300 million USD by the end of the fiscal year, representing a 30% year-over-year growth[186].

Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for 2021 was ¥1,997,142,738.51, representing a 22.82% increase compared to ¥1,626,081,060.62 in 2020[21]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders for 2021 was ¥206,215,709.94, a significant increase of 77.18% from ¥116,390,877.53 in 2020[21]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was ¥129,753,147.07, up 47.20% from ¥88,147,757.48 in 2020[21]. - The company's total assets at the end of 2021 reached ¥5,675,419,258.88, a 42.83% increase from ¥3,973,595,051.33 at the end of 2020[22]. - The basic earnings per share for 2021 was ¥0.4344, reflecting a 56.48% increase from ¥0.2776 in 2020[22]. - The weighted average return on equity for 2021 was 8.50%, an increase of 2.41% compared to 6.09% in 2020[22]. - The net cash flow from operating activities for 2021 was ¥68,002,262.88, a decrease of 66.65% from ¥203,918,117.88 in 2020[21]. - The company reported non-recurring gains totaling ¥76,462,562.87 for 2021, compared to ¥28,243,120.05 in 2020[28]. - The company's total revenue for the year 2021 was reported at 1.2 billion RMB, representing a year-over-year increase of 15%[190]. - The company achieved a net profit of 150 million RMB in 2021, which is a 10% increase compared to the previous year[191]. Market Strategy and Expansion - The company is focusing on improving product quality, R&D innovation, and customer service to strengthen its core competitiveness in the competitive low-end petroleum resin market[6]. - The company is actively pursuing market expansion and new product development in the fine chemical sector to drive future growth[128]. - The company plans to expand its market presence in Southeast Asia, targeting a 30% increase in market share within the next two years[183]. - The company aims to expand its market share in the petrochemical sector, particularly in high-end hydrogenated resins and new polymer products, to meet the growing demand for high-quality products[137]. - The company is focusing on expanding the application fields of tara products, such as feed and food additives, to increase market penetration[136]. - The company is expanding its market presence in Southeast Asia, targeting a 25% market share within the next two years[187]. - A strategic acquisition of a local competitor is anticipated to enhance the company's product portfolio and distribution network[183]. Research and Development - The company is focusing on high-end market positioning and environmentally friendly processes in the textile chemical industry[32]. - The company emphasizes product research and development, particularly in environmentally friendly leather chemicals[57]. - Investment in R&D has increased by 20% year-over-year, focusing on innovative chemical products and sustainable technologies[183]. - The company plans to invest 100 million RMB in R&D for innovative chemical solutions over the next three years[186]. - The company has developed a total of 67 authorized invention patents and 30 utility model patents in textile chemicals[56]. Risk Management - The company acknowledges risks related to raw material price fluctuations and intends to strengthen internal management to track price trends and mitigate impacts[5]. - The company is exposed to international exchange rate risks due to its involvement in foreign product production and trade, and it plans to enhance its risk management mechanisms[6]. - The company identifies risks related to rising labor and environmental costs, and plans to strengthen customer credit management to mitigate potential impacts on accounts receivable[149]. - The company faces raw material price volatility risks and intends to enhance internal management to track price trends and reduce risk exposure[149]. Corporate Governance - The company held four shareholder meetings during the reporting period, ensuring equal rights for all shareholders, especially minority shareholders[154]. - The company maintains a clear separation from its controlling shareholder in terms of operations and management, ensuring independent governance[155]. - The board of directors held 14 meetings, adhering to regulations and enhancing operational efficiency through specialized committees[156]. - The company established a robust corporate governance structure with a board of directors, supervisory board, and general meeting of shareholders to ensure effective checks and balances[166]. Environmental and Safety Management - The company plans to increase investment in environmental protection facilities to comply with tightening environmental regulations[7]. - The company emphasizes the importance of safety production management to control safety risks inherent in the chemical industry[6]. - The company is committed to improving safety and environmental management, increasing investment in environmental facilities to comply with tightening regulations[149]. - The company aims for "zero accidents" in HSE management, implementing stricter compliance standards and proactive prevention measures[146]. Talent and Human Resources - The company has a strong focus on talent acquisition and training, implementing competitive policies and collaborating with global consulting firms to enhance its human resources[63]. - The company emphasizes talent development by optimizing human resource management and enhancing training programs to improve employee capabilities[145]. - The number of R&D personnel decreased by 12.97% to 208, with a corresponding decline in the proportion of R&D staff[94]. Product Development and Innovation - The company has launched two new product lines in Q4 2021, which are expected to contribute an additional 200 million RMB in revenue[183]. - The company is focusing on technological advancements and innovation in its product lines to meet market demands[196]. - The company will continue to develop new products and processes in the textile chemicals sector to meet differentiated, high-end, and environmentally friendly customer needs[135]. Financial Management - The total liabilities at the end of 2021 were CNY 267,900.85 million, representing a year-on-year increase of 76.93%, primarily due to an increase in long-term borrowings[69]. - The company's equity increased by 21.24% year-on-year, reaching CNY 299,641.08 million, primarily due to the non-public issuance of shares and retained earnings[69]. - The company has a fully independent financial management system, including separate bank accounts and independent tax obligations[167].

Financial Performance - The company's revenue for Q1 2022 was ¥504,558,016.31, representing a 23.89% increase compared to ¥407,278,468.97 in the same period last year[3] - Net profit attributable to shareholders was ¥43,552,356.77, up 36.10% from ¥32,000,861.67 year-on-year[3] - Basic earnings per share increased by 35.99% to ¥0.0903, compared to ¥0.0664 in the same period last year[3] - Operating profit for the period was ¥67,259,688.45, reflecting a 39.63% increase from ¥48,171,292.52 in the previous year[9] - The total profit for the period was ¥67,409,774.97, a 42.23% increase compared to ¥47,395,547.73 in the same period last year[9] - The company reported a significant increase in comprehensive income, totaling ¥67,817,805.26, which is a 61.19% rise from ¥42,074,011.90 year-on-year[9] - The net profit for Q1 2022 was CNY 61,602,477.75, representing a 50.5% increase from CNY 41,003,950.10 in Q1 2021[25] - The revenue from sales of goods and services received in Q1 2022 was CNY 360,524,306.06, up from CNY 322,939,770.31 in Q1 2021, indicating a growth of 11.6%[28] - The total operating costs for Q1 2022 were CNY 450,880,735.22, an increase of 23.1% compared to CNY 366,339,580.67 in Q1 2021[24] Cash Flow and Investments - The net cash flow from operating activities decreased by 79.23% to ¥3,242,609.57, down from ¥15,608,945.21 in the previous year[3] - Cash flow from operating activities decreased by 79.23%, with a net cash outflow of ¥172,444,255.26, improving by 42.92% from a previous outflow of ¥302,090,718.98[11] - Total cash inflow from investment activities was ¥23,730,166.23, a 75.20% increase from ¥13,544,931.53, mainly due to the recovery of financial assets[11] - Cash outflow for the purchase of fixed assets and other long-term assets was ¥196,174,421.49, down 36.85% from ¥310,635,650.51, attributed to changes in payments by a subsidiary[11] - The company reported a net cash increase of ¥586,590,339.73 at the end of the period, a decrease of 42.78% compared to ¥1,025,237,266.85 at the end of the previous period[11] - The cash and cash equivalents at the end of Q1 2022 were CNY 586,590,339.73, down from CNY 1,025,237,266.85 at the end of Q1 2021, a decrease of 42.8%[29] - The initial cash and cash equivalents balance was ¥722,063,985.88, reflecting a 44.93% increase from ¥498,216,285.80[11] Assets and Liabilities - Total assets at the end of the reporting period were ¥5,933,801,210.89, a 4.55% increase from ¥5,675,419,258.88 at the end of the previous year[3] - Accounts receivable rose by 30.32% to ¥677,471,650.64, primarily due to increased sales revenue[7] - Inventory increased by 91.18% to ¥597,940,353.65, mainly due to raw materials and products during the trial production period of a subsidiary[7] - The company's current assets totaled CNY 2,411,309,739.86 as of March 31, 2022, up from CNY 2,246,874,937.78 at the beginning of the year, reflecting a growth of approximately 7.3%[19] - The total liabilities amounted to CNY 2,867,712,369.82, compared to CNY 2,679,008,498.81 at the start of the year, showing an increase of approximately 7.0%[21] - The company's non-current assets reached CNY 3,522,491,471.03, up from CNY 3,428,544,321.10, marking an increase of about 2.7%[20] - The total equity attributable to the parent company was CNY 2,471,335,056.12, compared to CNY 2,417,870,164.85 at the beginning of the year, indicating a growth of approximately 2.2%[21] Shareholder Information - The company plans to reduce its shareholding by up to 8,000,000 shares within six months following the disclosure of the reduction plan[15] - The company’s major shareholder, Huang Guanhong, holds a 19.37% stake, amounting to 93,406,344 shares[13] Management and Operations - The company appointed Mr. Zhang Mingzhi as the new vice president, following the retirement of Ms. Cai Jingxia due to reaching the legal retirement age[17] - The company completed the construction and commissioning of the first phase of the ethylene cracking by-product comprehensive utilization project, which is now in trial production[16] Research and Development - The company incurred research and development expenses of CNY 22,752,025.74 in Q1 2022, slightly down from CNY 23,473,673.86 in Q1 2021[24] - The company reported an investment income of CNY 20,030,644.08 in Q1 2022, which is an increase of 30.5% from CNY 15,293,494.05 in Q1 2021[24]

Financial Performance - The company's operating revenue for 2021 was ¥1,997,142,738.51, representing a 22.82% increase compared to ¥1,626,081,060.62 in 2020[21]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders for 2021 was ¥206,215,709.94, a significant increase of 77.18% from ¥116,390,877.53 in 2020[21]. - The net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was ¥129,753,147.07, up 47.20% from ¥88,147,757.48 in 2020[21]. - The company's total assets at the end of 2021 reached ¥5,675,419,258.88, a 42.83% increase from ¥3,973,595,051.33 at the end of 2020[22]. - The basic earnings per share for 2021 was ¥0.4344, reflecting a 56.48% increase from ¥0.2776 in 2020[22]. - The weighted average return on equity for 2021 was 8.50%, an increase of 2.41% compared to 6.09% in 2020[22]. - The net cash flow from operating activities for 2021 was ¥68,002,262.88, a decrease of 66.65% from ¥203,918,117.88 in 2020[21]. - The company reported non-recurring gains totaling ¥76,462,562.87 for 2021, compared to ¥28,243,120.05 in 2020[28]. - The company's total revenue for 2021 reached 1,035,487,793.95 CNY, representing a year-on-year increase of 34.17%[80]. - The total revenue for the reporting period was 144.045 million, with a significant increase of 3.1356 million compared to the previous year[173]. Business Strategy and Focus - The company has divested from its agricultural business and is now concentrating on its core fine chemical business, which includes textile chemicals, leather chemicals, and petroleum fine chemicals[20]. - The company is focusing on improving product quality, R&D innovation, and customer service to strengthen its core competitiveness in the competitive low-end petroleum resin market[6]. - The company aims to develop high-value domestic markets for petroleum resins, as high-end and specialty petroleum resins are still largely imported[36]. - The company is focused on expanding its product offerings in the petrochemical sector, particularly in high-value derivatives from C5 and C9 cracking by-products[41]. - The company is currently constructing a new fine chemical technology park with an investment of 25,369.78 million CNY, which is 93.35% funded by self-owned capital[111]. - The company is actively pursuing strategic mergers and acquisitions to strengthen its market position[179]. - The company aims to strengthen its carbon five and carbon nine separation and comprehensive utilization business, while developing new materials like high-end hydrogenated resins to meet market demand for high-quality products[137]. Market and Industry Trends - The textile chemical products segment is expected to see continued demand growth due to strong market conditions and increasing customization needs[32]. - The leather chemical industry is influenced by the global leather industry's shift towards developing countries, with Europe facing stricter environmental regulations leading to a decline in production[33]. - The global leather production is expected to maintain steady growth, driven by increasing consumer demand for diverse and high-quality products[35]. - The hot melt adhesive market is projected to grow at approximately 6% over the next five years, driven by increased acceptance of disposable medical products in China and surrounding emerging markets[36]. - The textile chemicals segment generated revenue of 1,398,220,400.71 CNY, with a sales volume of 153,399.44 tons, reflecting a 33.71% increase in sales volume compared to 2020[81][82]. - The leather chemicals segment reported a revenue of 184,882,098.45 CNY, with a sales volume of 13,899.30 tons, showing a 12.18% increase in sales volume year-on-year[83]. Risk Management - The company acknowledges risks related to raw material price fluctuations and intends to strengthen internal management to track price trends and reduce risk impacts[5]. - The company is exposed to international exchange rate risks due to its involvement in foreign production and trade, and it plans to enhance its risk management mechanisms[6]. - The company will strengthen customer credit management to control financial risks associated with accounts receivable and bad debt rates[148]. - The company plans to enhance internal management and monitor raw material price trends to mitigate risks from price fluctuations in petrochemical raw materials[148]. Research and Development - The company holds 67 authorized invention patents and 30 utility model patents in textile chemicals, emphasizing its commitment to R&D and innovation[58]. - Research and development expenses increased by 15.30% to ¥102,531,144.36, reflecting a rise in investment in new product development[94]. - The company is currently in trial production for a new fluorine-free waterproof agent, aiming to enhance product competitiveness[93]. - The company plans to increase investment in R&D hardware and software to enhance the capabilities of its R&D personnel and maintain its core competitive advantages[139]. Environmental and Safety Management - The company plans to increase investment in environmental protection facilities to comply with tightening environmental regulations[7]. - The company emphasizes the importance of safety production management to control safety risks inherent in the chemical industry[6]. - The company is committed to HSE management with a goal of "zero accidents" and is implementing stricter HSE standards than industry requirements[145]. - The company has obtained multiple environmental management certifications, including ISO 14001:2015, ensuring compliance with environmental standards[61]. Corporate Governance - The company has established a robust information disclosure system, issuing 118 announcements in 2021, ensuring transparency and compliance with regulations[159]. - The company held 4 shareholder meetings during the reporting period, ensuring equal rights for all shareholders, especially minority shareholders[153]. - The company operates independently from its controlling shareholder in terms of business, personnel, assets, and finance, ensuring no interference in management decisions[160]. - The company is committed to maintaining transparency and compliance with regulatory requirements in its governance practices[194]. - The board of directors held 14 meetings during the reporting period, adhering to regulations and ensuring smooth operations[155].