Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA MOLDOVA World Bank Group Public Disclosure Authorized COUNTRY CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT REPORT November 2024 © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202‑473‑1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group with external contributions. "The World Bank Group" refers to the legally separate organizations of the Internatio ...

Subnational Business Ready in the European Union 2024: HUNGARY With funding by the © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 19 18 17 16 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board o ...

WORLD BANK GROUP EALTH TAXES A series on Fiscal Policy & Health Knowledge Note Saving Lives while Raising Revenue: Opportunities in Brazil's reform of indirect taxes to improve Tobacco, Alcohol, and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Excise Taxes Disclosure Auth olic Disclosure Autho | --- | --- | |----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...

ICSID Overview - ICSID is the only global institution dedicated to international investment dispute settlement, established in 1966 under the ICSID Convention [2] - ICSID has administered over 900 cases in its 59-year history, representing more than 70% of all known international investment cases [6] - The organization has hearing centers in Washington, D C, and Paris, and access to World Bank offices in over 130 countries [6] ICSID Operations and Trends - In FY2024, ICSID registered 58 new cases under the ICSID Convention and Additional Facility, with 53 being ICSID Convention arbitrations [39][40] - ICSID administered 341 cases in FY2024, the second-highest number in its history, representing 34% of its total caseload of 991 cases [35][36] - The majority of cases in FY2024 were based on bilateral investment treaties (53%) and the Energy Charter Treaty (14%) [44][46] Diversity and Appointments - A record 49 nationalities were represented among arbitrator appointments in FY2024, with 29% of appointments involving women [35][62] - 50% of first-time appointees in FY2024 were nationals of low- or middle-income economies [35][60] - Women accounted for 43% of Member State designations to the Panels of Arbitrators and Conciliators in FY2024, up from 27% in FY2023 [90] Financial Performance - ICSID's administrative expenditures in FY2024 were covered by fee income and support from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) [121] - The organization's net assets increased to $10,828,078 in FY2024, up from $9,307,888 in FY2023 [126] - Revenues from arbitration and conciliation proceedings totaled $63,829,013 in FY2024, with $45,665,363 drawn from advances by parties [166][168] Membership and Governance - As of June 30, 2024, 166 States had signed the ICSID Convention, with 158 becoming Contracting States [80] - Equatorial Guinea became the latest State to sign the ICSID Convention on June 13, 2024 [81] - The ICSID Administrative Council, composed of representatives from each Contracting State, approved the 2023 Annual Report and FY2024 budget at its 57th Annual Meeting [120]

Investment Rating - The report indicates a strong commitment to mobilizing private capital, with a record investment of $56 billion in fiscal year 2024, including over $22 billion mobilized from partners [3][24][27]. Core Insights - The World Bank Group committed $117.5 billion in fiscal 2024 to address intertwined challenges such as poverty, climate change, and food insecurity, with a focus on enhancing operational effectiveness and efficiency [4][51]. - The IFC aims to channel 45% of its annual financing to climate action by 2025, with initiatives including methane-reduction programs and strengthening carbon markets [17][18]. - The IFC's digital lending portfolio reached $5.6 billion, emphasizing the importance of digital transformation in developing economies [19]. - The report highlights the need for partnerships with both public and private sectors to enhance development outcomes, as evidenced by the establishment of the Private Sector Investment Lab [21][45]. Summary by Sections Leadership Perspectives - The IFC's leadership emphasizes the need for a better bank to tackle global challenges, with a commitment to enhancing financial capacity and operational effectiveness [4][7][30]. - The report outlines the IFC's record-breaking year, showcasing its ability to mobilize private sector solutions for development [24][28]. Results - In fiscal 2024, the IFC's commitments included $31.7 billion, with significant investments in low-income and fragile economies [24][50]. - The anticipated impact of the IFC's portfolio includes providing access to electricity for 164 million people and improving sanitation for 69 million [34]. Strategy in Action - The IFC is modernizing its approach to development finance, introducing new financial instruments and crisis preparedness tools to enhance lending capacity [20][44]. - The report details the establishment of the Global Emerging Markets Risk Database Consortium to drive transparency and mobilize private investment [45]. Critical Functions - The World Bank Group's new Scorecard is designed to enhance accountability and track the impact of its investments [47]. - The report emphasizes the importance of knowledge sharing and strategic partnerships to improve development outcomes [46].

Subnational Business Ready in the European Union 2024: PORTUGAL With funding by the © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 19 18 17 16 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board ...

Investment Rating - The report provides Learning Poverty data for 125 countries, indicating a focus on educational outcomes and their implications for investment in human capital [6][14][18]. Core Insights - The April 2024 release of Learning Poverty estimates reflects updates based on new assessment data, including PIRLS 2021 and AMPL-b, which have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic [6][31]. - The Learning Poverty indicator combines the share of primary-aged children who are out-of-school (Schooling Deprivation) and those below the minimum proficiency level in reading (Learning Deprivation) [23][26]. - The report emphasizes the need for reliable learning data, with approximately 42% of countries lacking data for estimating Learning Poverty, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa [16]. Summary by Sections Introduction - The April 2024 release builds on previous updates and provides the latest country-level Learning Poverty estimates, marking the fourth release since the measure's launch in 2019 [14][18]. Methodological Overview - The Learning Poverty indicator is defined by combining Schooling Deprivation and Learning Deprivation, highlighting the importance of both access to education and quality of learning [23][26]. Data Protocol and Sources - The report outlines the hierarchy for selecting assessment data, prioritizing international and regional assessments for estimating Learning Deprivation [27][28]. Changes in Learning Poverty - The April 2024 release includes updates to enrollment data and assessment data for 49 countries, reflecting changes in educational metrics since the last release [37][41]. Country Meta Data - The report details changes in Learning Poverty estimates between the 2022 and 2024 releases, including new additions of countries like Kenya, Kosovo, and Uzbekistan [42][46]. Regional Insights - In East Asia & Pacific, countries like Australia and Hong Kong SAR saw updates in Learning Poverty estimates due to new assessment data from PIRLS 2021 [47][48]. - In Europe & Central Asia, Kosovo and Uzbekistan received Learning Poverty estimates for the first time based on PIRLS 2021 data [63][64].

/ORLD BANK GROUP P QBLUE BELIZE 2024 A BLUE CARBON READINESS ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 | Internet: www.worldbank.org Disclaimer The content of this report does not reflect the official opinion of the project sponsors or their partner organization. Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entir ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights a significant decline in government health spending (GHS) per capita across 63 low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) from 2019 to 2023, indicating a troubling trend for public health investments [12][38] - The analysis emphasizes the need for increased prioritization of health in government budgets to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and address funding shortfalls [41][45] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - The report presents trends in GHS across 63 countries, covering nearly 90% of the population in these income groups, and compares data from 2019 to 2023 with pre-pandemic trends [36][37] - It identifies a steady decline in GHS per capita post-pandemic, raising concerns about the long-term trajectory of public health investments [38] Trends in Government Spending on Health - Average real GHS per capita in LICs fell to approximately US$10.0 in 2023, while LMICs saw spending revert to around US$55 [77] - The average annual growth rate of GHS per capita was only 0.4% in LICs and 0.9% in LMICs from 2019 to 2023, significantly lower than pre-pandemic growth rates [79][80] Risks to Health Spending Sustainability - The report identifies 35 countries facing intensified risks to GHS sustainability, with declines in health spending share and per capita amounts [40][114] - It emphasizes that without decisive policy action, many countries will struggle to meet health-related SDGs [44][45]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Climate change is significantly impacting human health, with increasing frequency of extreme weather events, emergence of infectious diseases, and disruptions to food systems. The health impacts are expected to worsen over time, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) which will face a disproportionate burden due to poverty and weak healthcare systems [30][43][15] - The report emphasizes the urgent need for action to address the health crisis arising from climate change, highlighting that the economic cost of inaction could reach between USD 8.6 trillion and USD 15.4 trillion by 2050 under different socioeconomic scenarios [36][37] - The analysis covers 69 LMICs, representing 96% of the total population of all LMICs, and provides estimates for health impacts and economic costs associated with climate change for the years 2026-2030, 2026-2050, and 2026-2100 [33][46] Summary by Sections Introduction - Climate change is accelerating health impacts, including heat-related illnesses and vector-borne diseases, with LMICs expected to face significant increases in morbidity and damage to health facilities [43][44] Methods - The report utilizes climate scenarios from the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) to project health impacts and economic costs, focusing on selected health risks such as extreme heat, waterborne diseases, and vector-borne diseases [46][50] Impacts of Climate Change on Health - Between 2026 and 2050, climate change is projected to cause between 4.1 billion and 5.2 billion cases of health impacts across LMICs, with deaths potentially reaching between 14.5 million and 15.6 million by 2050 [35][36] - Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are expected to bear the brunt of these health impacts, with SSA projected to experience approximately 71% of all cases and nearly half of all deaths caused by climate change [37][40] Economic Cost of Inaction - The economic cost of health impacts due to climate change is projected to reach between USD 11.0 trillion and USD 20.8 trillion under different scenarios, translating to 0.7% to 1.3% of GDP in LMICs [36][37] Policy Implications and Future Directions - The report calls for urgent, transformative action to strengthen health systems and limit the impacts of climate change, advocating for a health systems approach rather than a focus on specific diseases [16][40]