Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10974 Resolving Puzzles of Monetary Policy Transmission in Emerging Markets Jongrim Ha Dohan Kim M. Ayhan Kose Eswar S. Prasad Public Disclosure Authorized Development Economics Prospects Group November 2024 Policy Research Working Paper 10974 Abstract Conventional empirical models of monetary policy transmission in emerging market economies produce puzzling results: monetary tightening often ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the World Bank Group's activities in Poland. Core Insights - The World Bank Group (WBG) is perceived as a long-term partner and knowledge provider in Poland, with high ratings for its role in sharing knowledge and convening stakeholders [65][66]. - Stakeholders express a desire for the WBG to enhance collaboration with local governments and civil society to increase effectiveness [75][63]. - Trust in the WBG has generally increased among various stakeholder groups, particularly in the private sector and academia [25][32]. Objectives - The survey aimed to understand stakeholder perceptions of the WBG, including familiarity, trust, effectiveness, and alignment with development priorities [6][4]. - Key indicators assessed included the WBG's effectiveness, relevance, and stakeholder engagement [6]. Methodology Overview - The survey was conducted from March to May 2024, with a total of 149 respondents, yielding a 21% response rate [8][7]. - Respondents included various stakeholder groups, with a significant portion from government institutions and academia [9][11]. Overall Context - Familiarity with the WBG has slightly decreased since FY21, with a mean rating of 6.4 out of 10 [16][18]. - Stakeholders from academia and the private sector reported higher familiarity compared to civil society and local government [18][24]. Overall Attitudes toward the World Bank Group - Stakeholders believe that the WBG should adapt to local conditions and improve communication about its activities to build trust [13][27]. - The WBG's effectiveness in achieving results in Poland is rated at 6.8, with a positive influence on shaping development policy rated at 6.6 [30][31]. World Bank Group's Support for Development Areas - Key areas for WBG focus include energy, climate change, and jobs/skills development, with climate change remaining a top priority [56][54]. - Stakeholders increasingly prioritize energy, with support for this area rising from 12% in FY21 to 51% in FY24 [56]. Financial Instruments and Knowledge Work - Knowledge and analytical products are viewed as the WBG's greatest values, with 63% of respondents having used its knowledge work and expressing satisfaction with its quality [81][91]. - The demand for financial resources has significantly increased, from 8% in FY21 to 42% in FY24 [81]. The Future Role of the World Bank Group in Poland - Stakeholders suggest that the WBG should enhance its presence in local government and the private sector, focusing on financial and advisory support [79][65]. - There is a call for the WBG to better utilize local expertise and improve responsiveness to country needs [68][70].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry analyzed Core Insights - The analysis indicates that an increase in the employment rate of older persons is significantly associated with an increase in the employment rate of youth and prime-aged persons in Indonesia, suggesting a positive relationship rather than a competitive one [2][17] - The findings support the notion that raising the retirement age can help address challenges faced by an aging society, emphasizing the importance of lifelong learning and reskilling for older workers [2][12] - The report highlights that the employment rate of older persons has increased significantly, with a notable rise of 8.3 percentage points for those aged 65 and older from 2016 to 2023 [22] Summary by Sections Introduction - Indonesia is transitioning into an aging society, with 7% of the population aged 65 or older in 2023, projected to rise to 15% by 2050 [7][11] - The government has begun raising the retirement age from 55 to 65 by 2043 to address income security and pension sustainability [12][14] Labor Market Overview - The employment rate for older persons aged 55 to 64 increased by 3.3 percentage points, while for those aged 65 and older, it rose by 8.3 percentage points between 2016 and 2023 [22] - The employment rate of youth aged 15 to 24 remains the lowest among all age groups, highlighting the need for policies that support youth employment [21] Literature Review - Research in high-income countries shows no adverse relationship between the employment of older and younger persons, with some studies indicating a positive correlation [46][47] - Similar findings are observed in developing countries, where increased employment of older persons correlates positively with the labor market outcomes of younger persons [47][49] Data and Methodology - The analysis utilizes data from the Indonesia Labour Force Survey (Sakernas) from 2016 to 2023, focusing on employment rates, unemployment rates, hours worked, and income across different age groups [54][56] Findings - Regression analysis reveals that a 1 percentage point increase in the employment rate of older persons is associated with a 0.4 percentage point increase in the employment rate of youth and a 0.7 percentage point increase for prime-aged persons [67] - The report concludes that the employment of older persons does not negatively impact the employment opportunities for younger persons, reinforcing the idea that both age groups can coexist in the labor market [17][66]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Lake Victoria is facing a significant water quality crisis due to unsustainable land management, human waste, and industrial effluent, which has deteriorated over the last 40 years, impacting livelihoods and health in the basin communities [10][32][34] - The Lakewide Inclusive Sanitation (LWIS) Strategy aims to address sanitation challenges through a coordinated regional approach involving the five Partner States: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi [10][35][41] - An estimated 33 million people in the Lake Victoria Basin lack access to improved sanitation, contributing to pollution and health issues [10][32][33] Summary by Sections Chapter 1: Valuable Regional Resource Under Threat - Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake and a critical resource for over 47 million people, yet its water quality is declining due to urbanization and inadequate sanitation services [10][31][34] - The lake supports significant fisheries, providing livelihoods for around 3 million people, but pollution from urban settlements is a primary concern [10][31][32] Chapter 2: Bringing Communities and Countries Together Around a Common Approach - The LWIS initiative focuses on understanding the impact of poor sanitation and creating solutions through stakeholder engagement across the five countries [10][38][41] - Strategic Sanitation Action Plans (SSAPs) have been developed for selected urban areas to operationalize the LWIS Strategy [10][54][55] Chapter 3: The LWIS Strategy: A Roadmap for Effective Lakewide Sanitation - The LWIS Strategy includes four components: an enabling environment for improved sanitation, integration of planning and service delivery, regional cooperation, and a sustainable sanitation economy [10][40][41] - The strategy aims to enhance vital lake functions and improve access to sanitation services for all communities around Lake Victoria [10][78] Chapter 4: Growing a Sustainable Sanitation Economy - The report highlights the potential for job creation through sanitation SMEs, estimating around 69,000 jobs over a 10-year period [10][56][59] - The estimated cost for transformational sanitation investments to reduce pollution to the lake is around US$1.9 billion [10][66] Chapter 5: A Regional Blueprint for a Healthier Lake - The LWIS approach is expected to improve water quality and resilience against climate change impacts, emphasizing the need for coordinated action and private sector involvement [10][78][80] - Recommendations include enhancing monitoring and data access, supporting policy and regulatory frameworks, and promoting private sector engagement [10][81][84]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The report introduces the "timing versus allocation" trade-off in climate policy, emphasizing the dilemma faced by politically constrained policymakers between delaying decarbonization for optimal sectoral allocation or prioritizing timely investments in abatement [2][11][20]. - It highlights that delaying action in high-emission sectors incurs greater costs compared to mid- to low-emission sectors, suggesting that immediate policy implementation in all sectors is preferable when politically feasible [2][22][23]. Summary by Sections Introduction - The report discusses the challenges of decarbonization in the context of the Paris Agreement and the impact of political economy constraints (PECs) on climate policy implementation [7][8]. Model Framework - A multi-sector modeling framework is presented to analyze the economic implications of various sub-optimal policy approaches to decarbonization, focusing on the effects of PECs on investment timing and emissions allocation [12][15]. Key Findings - The analysis reveals that the economic cost of delaying decarbonization is significantly higher than the cost associated with implementing sub-optimal policies across sectors [18][20]. - The report provides numerical experiments showing that delaying decarbonization in high-emission sectors leads to inflated carbon prices in non-challenged sectors, resulting in a nonlinear increase in overall policy costs [21][22]. Policy Suites - Four policy suites are outlined, illustrating different approaches to managing PECs, including immediate heterogeneous policies, delayed heterogeneous policies, and delayed homogeneous policies [55][58]. - Each policy suite demonstrates the trade-off between optimal timing of abatement investment and optimal allocation of emissions across sectors, influenced by PECs [54][56].

Policy Research Working Paper 10970 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Weathering Shocks Unraveling the Effects of Short-Term Weather Shocks on Poverty in Paraguay Teresa Janz Franziska Gassmann Lyliana Gayoso de Ervin Poverty and Equity Global Practice November 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10970 Abstract In Paraguay, poverty reduction has stalled since 2014 due to a deceleration in economic growth, which has been argued ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The Afghan economy experienced a significant contraction of 20.7 percent in 2021, with a continued decline in 2022, but civilian nighttime luminosity indicates a recovery, surpassing pre-2020/21 levels by 10.5 percent by 2023/24, despite official GDP data showing a one-quarter reduction compared to 2020 [2][8][36][71] Summary by Sections Introduction and Motivation - The Afghan economy faced severe shocks following the regime change in August 2021, with GDP contracting sharply and continuing to decline despite some international aid resumption [8][36] Economic Context - The economy has transitioned through distinct phases, with high growth from 2003 to 2012 driven by international aid, followed by sluggish growth until the Taliban takeover, and a significant contraction post-2021 [31][32][36] Data and Methods - The study utilizes nighttime light data as a proxy for economic activity, filtering out military installations to better reflect local economic dynamics [11][19][42] Results - Civilian nighttime lights provide a more accurate representation of economic activity than total luminosity, with a strong correlation to GDP, especially post-2021 [51][59] - The analysis shows that civilian luminosity has recovered significantly, indicating a local economic recovery, while total luminosity remains below pre-2020 levels [67][71][72]

ORLD BANK GROUP 2B UE 2024 GHANA A BLUE CARBON READINESS ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 | Internet: www.worldbank.org Disclaimer The content of this report does not reflect the official opinion of the project sponsors or their partner organization. Responsibility for the information and views expressed therein lies entirely ...

| --- | --- | |----------------------------------|-------| | | | | | | | | | | croatia | | | SYSTEMATIC COUNTRYDIAGNOSTIC | | olic Disclosure Authorize ublic Disclosure Authorize ublic Disclosure Authoriz blic Disclosure Authorize croatia systematic country diagnostic TABLE OF CONTENTS croatia systematic country diagnostic | --- | --- | |------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------| | | | | ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6 | | | LIST OF ACRONYMS | 8 | | EXE ...

| --- | --- | |------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | | | | An Unsustainable Life | | INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS | The Impact of Heat on Health and the Economy of Bangladesh Iffat Mahmud, Wameq Azfar Raza, and Syed Shabab Wahid | INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS An Unsustainable Life The Impact of Heat on Health and the Economy of Bangladesh IFFAT MAHMUD, WAMEQ AZFAR RAZA, ...