Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10917 Statistically Matching Income and Consumption Data An Evaluation of Energy and Income Poverty in Romania Britta Rude Monica Robayo-Abril Poverty and Equity Global Practice September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10917 Abstract To design effective policy instruments that target the energy poor in Romania, it is crucial to understand who the energy poor a ...

Policy Research Working Paper 10912 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Using Satellite Imagery and a Farmer Registry to Assess Agricultural Support in Conflict Settings The Case of the Producer Support Grant Program in Ukraine Klaus Deininger Daniel Ayalew Ali Development Economics Development Research Group September 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Policy Research Working Paper 10912 Abstract While cash transfers have emerged as an attractive option to ...

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Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of developing a robust methodology for assessing poverty and social exclusion in Croatia, leveraging the forthcoming Central Register of the Population to fill data gaps and improve monitoring [19][23][26] Summary by Sections Introduction - The European Union has committed to addressing poverty and social exclusion, aiming to lift at least 15 million people out of risk by 2030 through various funding mechanisms [19][21] - Croatia has made progress in reducing poverty, with the share of the population living on less than US$ 6.85 a day decreasing from 8.1% in 2011 to 1.8% in 2021, yet certain demographic groups remain vulnerable [19][21] Overview of Key Concepts and Data Sources in the EU - The report outlines the official definitions of poverty and social exclusion indicators required by Eurostat, highlighting the shift from survey-based to administrative data [29][30] - It discusses the concept of at-risk-of-poverty (AROP) as a key indicator, defined as the share of the population with an equivalized disposable income below 60% of the national median [31][34] Croatia's Central Register of the Population - The report assesses the development of Croatia's Central Register of the Population, detailing its objectives, timeline, and legal framework [3][3][3] - It highlights the potential of the Population Register to improve data quality and fill gaps in poverty and social exclusion measurement [3][3][3] Register-Based Poverty Measurements in Croatia - The report identifies existing AROP measures and data sources in Croatia, discussing challenges such as incomplete tax income data and under-reporting of income [4][4][4] - Recommendations for improving poverty measurement methodologies are provided, including approaches to address under-reporting and spatial price differences [4][4][4] Register-Based Measurements of Social Exclusion in Croatia - The report examines the existing approach to measuring social exclusion in Croatia and offers recommendations for enhancing measurement methodologies [5][5][5] - It emphasizes the need for simplified AROPE rates and the development of social exclusion indicators by domain [5][5][5] Institutional Set-Up for Tracking Poverty and Social Exclusion - The report suggests potential institutional arrangements for data collection, analysis, and reporting to effectively monitor poverty and social exclusion indicators [6][6][6] - It outlines the roles of various stakeholders in the proposed institutional models [6][6][6] Monitoring System for Poverty and Social Exclusion - A proposed monitoring system for tracking poverty and social exclusion indicators at subnational levels is detailed, including the collection and processing of indicators [7][7][7] - The report concludes with next steps for implementing the recommendations and enhancing the monitoring framework [8][8][8]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry under study Core Insights - Capital incentive policies in OECD countries, while aimed at promoting IT capital investment, may inadvertently hinder the adoption of cloud computing, big data analytics, and AI technologies [4][10][15] - The introduction of the Annual Investment Allowance (AIA) in the UK served as a quasi-natural experiment, revealing that while it increased IT capital investment by 61.7% from 2007 to 2013, it simultaneously reduced cloud adoption by 17 percentage points compared to the average cloud adoption rate of 28% during the same period [13][14] - The AIA's negative impact on technology diffusion was particularly pronounced for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which were found to be 37% less likely to adopt cloud technologies due to the capital incentive [14][15] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report discusses how capital incentives can shape production technology and the unintended consequences these policies may have on technological change [8][9] Policy Analysis - The AIA was introduced to stimulate investment in tangible capital, including IT capital, but has been shown to distort the choice between investing in IT capital and adopting cloud services [12][22] Empirical Findings - The empirical analysis indicates that the AIA led to a significant increase in tangible capital investment but a decrease in the adoption of cloud technologies, big data analytics, and AI [13][15] - The report estimates that the AIA policy reduced overall cloud use in the UK by 7-9 percentage points, effectively slowing cloud diffusion by more than one year [13][15] Technology Adoption - The findings suggest that the AIA also lowered the likelihood of using big data analytics and AI by 18% and 3%, respectively, among treated firms [15][16] - The report highlights that the demand for data analytics workers decreased by approximately 1.1% in firms affected by the AIA, indicating a direct link between capital incentives and labor demand in data-intensive roles [16][19] Conclusion - The report concludes that capital incentive policies can inadvertently affect the direction of technological adoption, leading to outcomes that contradict their intended objectives [18][20]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights the resilience of Guinea's economy, driven by a mining boom, but notes the challenges posed by weak linkages to the domestic economy and Dutch disease dynamics [19][20][38] - Agriculture is identified as a critical sector for structural transformation and climate resilience, with significant potential for inclusive growth [27][28] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - The report presents an overview of Guinea's macroeconomic position and emphasizes the importance of agriculture for sustainable growth [18] Chapter I: Macroeconomic and Poverty Developments and Outlook - GDP growth accelerated to 7.1% in 2023, driven by a 22% increase in bauxite production and a 10% increase in gold production [19][20] - The mining sector's weak integration with the domestic economy limits job creation and poverty reduction [20][41] - Fiscal management has maintained low deficits, averaging 1.4% annually from 2016 to 2023, but tax revenues remain low, averaging 12.7% of GDP [21][22] - The current account deficit averaged 10.6% from 2016 to 2023, primarily due to mining-related exports and FDI-related imports [24] - Growth is expected to slow to 4.9% in 2024 due to external shocks but is projected to accelerate to an average of 6.3% in 2025-2026 [25] Chapter II: The Importance of Agriculture for Structural Transformation and Climate Proofing Guinea's Economy - Agriculture contributes 27.8% to GDP and employs 53% of the population, but productivity remains low due to subsistence farming practices [28][31] - Climate change poses significant risks to agricultural productivity, with potential declines of up to 25% without appropriate measures [30] - The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) outlines a budget of US$13.8 billion needed by 2030 to achieve emissions reduction targets [32][33] - Policy options for fostering inclusive agricultural growth include improving public finance management, enhancing infrastructure, and investing in climate-resilient practices [34][36]

Policy Research Working Paper 10909 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Trade-offs in the Design of Simplified Tax Regimes Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa Christopher Hoy Thiago Scot Alex Oguso Anna Custers Daniel Zalo Ruggero Doino Jonathan Karver Nicolas Orgeira Pillai | --- | --- | --- | |-------------------------------------------------------|-------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | | | | | | Macroe ...

Country Partnership Framework Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of The World Bank Group FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP FRAMEWORK FOR REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA FOR THE PERIOD FY25–FY29 September 5, 2024 Zambia Country Management Unit Eastern and Southern Africa Region The International Finance Corporation Africa Region The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agen ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The study expands the inventory of green job titles using AI-driven text mining, identifying 695 unique green job titles from 1,067 articles published after 2008, indicating a significant increase in research on green jobs globally [4][15][59] - The research utilizes a retrieval-augmented generation model to categorize jobs within various green economy sectors, aligning closely with established frameworks like the U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET [4][14][48] - The findings highlight the effectiveness of advanced natural language processing models in identifying emerging green job roles, contributing to the discourse on the green economy transition [4][16][60] Summary by Sections Introduction - The urgency of a green transition is emphasized, necessitating analysis of its impacts on labor markets and the development of effective strategies for education and employment [8] - The report notes the limitations of existing green job classifications, particularly O*NET, which is outdated and U.S.-centric [11][12] Methodology - The study employed natural language processing techniques to identify green job titles from a comprehensive literature review, focusing on peer-reviewed articles [17][19] - The retrieval-augmented generation model was used to enhance the identification process, allowing for a larger analysis set compared to traditional methods [14][20] Results - A total of 695 unique green job titles were identified, with a significant portion in engineering and technician-level roles, reflecting the diverse nature of the green economy [36][37] - The geographical spread of articles has expanded, indicating a growing global interest in green jobs, with notable contributions from various regions [33][36] Comparison with O*NET - The study found that 17% of the identified job titles matched those in O*NET, suggesting the presence of new roles not currently recognized in existing classifications [45][47] - The research proposes the creation of 25 distinct clusters of job titles interpreted as green economy sectors, some of which are not represented in O*NET [48][49]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Women's labor force participation in developing countries, particularly in urban Djibouti, remains low due to restrictive gender norms, but targeted employment opportunities can significantly increase participation [4][10][21] - The public works program in Djibouti demonstrated high take-up rates among women, with 92% of households accepting the opportunity, and over 75% of participants choosing to work themselves rather than delegating the opportunity [14][15] - Despite the short-term success of the program in increasing employment by 55 percentage points, women reverted to non-participation in the labor market after the program ended, indicating the need for sustained employment opportunities [17][21] Summary by Sections Introduction - Women's labor market participation is flat or declining in some regions, presenting a policy challenge, with economic growth not being the sole factor influencing participation [8][9] Context and Intervention - Djibouti faces significant economic challenges, with high poverty and food insecurity rates, and a public works program was initiated to provide short-term income support while promoting human capital formation [23][25][30] Experimental Design - The study utilized a randomized control trial design to evaluate the impact of the public works program on women's employment and decision-making power [34][36] Main Findings - The program led to a substantial increase in women's employment during its duration, but this effect did not persist post-intervention, highlighting the importance of ongoing support for women's labor force attachment [17][21] - Women maintained control over their earnings, with only a small portion giving their income to their husbands, indicating a shift in intra-household dynamics [16][17] - The program's design, which included local work opportunities and consideration of women's domestic responsibilities, was crucial for its acceptance and success [13][31] Heterogeneity of Effects - The analysis revealed that women with higher mobility constraints were less likely to take up the employment offer, suggesting that social norms play a significant role in labor supply responses [19][21] Conclusion - The findings suggest that while targeted employment opportunities can draw women into the labor market, the absence of sustained employment options limits long-term participation, emphasizing the need for policies that address women's specific needs in the labor market [21][30]