Climate and Lealth V ulnerability Assessment . PAKISTAN blic Disclosure Authoris isclosure Authori © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Sierra Leone is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, including extreme heat, droughts, wildfires, and floods, exacerbated by high population density, inadequate housing, and economic dependence on agriculture [17][18] - The Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment (CHVA) aims to enhance health system resilience to climate change and assist decision-makers in planning effective adaptation measures [17][32] - Climate-related hazards, such as sea-level rise and increased flooding, threaten over 2 million people in coastal communities, with significant economic implications [18][19] Summary by Sections Section I: Introduction - Sierra Leone's economy is heavily reliant on agriculture, contributing over 60% to GDP in 2020, and has faced significant shocks from the Ebola epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic [27][28] - The country is committed to addressing climate change through adaptation and mitigation measures, having ratified the Paris Agreement [31] Section II: Climate Change Trends and Projections - Mean annual temperatures have increased by 0.8°C over the past 50 years, with projections indicating further increases of 1.4°C to 2.2°C by the 2050s [46] - Rainfall patterns are becoming more erratic, with a projected decline in annual precipitation, particularly during the dry season [17][18] Section III: Climate-Related Health Risks - Food insecurity affects nearly 5 million people, with climate variability worsening nutrition outcomes, especially in Southern and Eastern Provinces [19] - Malaria remains a leading cause of mortality, with rural areas experiencing nearly double the prevalence compared to urban areas [20] - Waterborne diseases are prevalent due to inadequate sanitation and climate impacts, while extreme heat poses increasing health risks [21][22] Section IV: Adaptive Capacity of the Health System - The health system faces challenges such as limited resources, lack of integration with climate data, and insufficient disaster preparedness [22][23] - There is a need for improved health infrastructure and capacity building to address climate-sensitive diseases [23][24] Section V: Recommendations - Develop a national strategy for climate change and health, integrating climate-related health risks into health sector programs [24] - Enhance laboratory capabilities and promote renewable energy sources in healthcare facilities [25]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the livestock sector in Tanzania, but it emphasizes the need for significant public investment and private sector engagement to enhance productivity and competitiveness [22][28]. Core Insights - Tanzania's livestock sector has considerable potential for growth, driven by increasing domestic demand and the need for climate-smart innovations to enhance resilience and productivity [22][23]. - The sector faces challenges such as climate change, inadequate investment, and structural barriers that limit its contribution to GDP and agricultural GDP [24][25]. - Public investment of approximately US$546 million over five years is necessary to address the multifaceted challenges in the livestock sector and enhance its economic contribution [22][28]. Summary by Sections Recent Economic Developments - Tanzania's economy grew by an estimated 5.2% in 2023, supported by public spending and a recovering tourism sector, despite challenges from climate-related shocks [12][29]. - The current-account deficit improved, narrowing from US$554.6 million (4.2% of GDP) in 2M-2023 to US$328.8 million (2.5% of GDP) in 2M-2024, aided by increased export earnings [13][14]. Harnessing a Climate-Smart and Competitive Livestock Sector - The livestock sector is crucial for many households, contributing significantly to food security and income, yet it remains underfunded compared to its potential [23][25]. - Climate-related risks, such as erratic rainfall and higher temperatures, pose significant challenges to the sector's productivity and competitiveness [24]. - There is a need for an enabling environment for private investment to foster innovation and efficiency in the livestock sector [22][28]. Emerging Strengths and Opportunities - Tanzania's strategic geographical location and diverse indigenous livestock breeds present opportunities for regional and global market expansion [26][27]. - Increasing demand for processed and value-added livestock products offers avenues for investment and job creation [27]. Policy Recommendations - Sustainable livestock development requires a substantial increase in public investment, focusing on productivity, trade, climate adaptation, and governance [28]. - Implementing climate-smart practices and enhancing market linkages are essential for mitigating climate risks and improving the sector's competitiveness [28].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The economic growth of Benin remained strong at 6.4 percent in 2023, slightly up from 6.3 percent in 2022, despite various external shocks [13][32] - The agricultural sector, which accounts for 27.1 percent of GDP, showed slight improvement with a growth rate of 5.1 percent in 2023, although it remains below pre-pandemic levels [13][49] - The report emphasizes the importance of adapting to climate change to mitigate potential economic losses, projecting that without adaptation, GDP losses could reach up to 19 percent by 2050 [21][23] Recent Economic Developments and Outlook - Benin's economic context in 2023 was characterized by rising regional uncertainties and a slowdown in global output [33] - The national poverty rate was recorded at 36.2 percent in 2021-22, affecting approximately 4.6 million people [15] - Fiscal consolidation efforts led to a reduction in the fiscal deficit to 4.1 percent of GDP, the lowest since 2019 [16][17] - Public debt slightly increased to 54.5 percent of GDP in 2023, with a focus on maintaining sustainability [18] Adapting to Climate Change for Sustainable and Resilient Economic Growth - The macroeconomic cost of inaction on climate change is high, with significant potential GDP losses projected if adaptation measures are not implemented [21][22] - Key policy options include investing in sustainable agriculture, urban adaptation, and resilient infrastructure to support economic growth and poverty reduction [24][28] - The report highlights the need for innovative financing and public-private partnerships to support climate adaptation investments, estimating an average annual investment of 0.3 percent of GDP for climate-related initiatives [28][29]

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Technology & Innovation Lab INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY SYSTEMS AND FAST PAYMENT SYSTEMS A TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE Public Disclosure Authorized ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This knowledge brief has been prepared by a World Bank team comprised of Raunak Mittal, Mert Ozdag, Mahesh Karajgi, and Emmanuel Crown (Information Technology Solutions, Technology & Innovation Lab (ITSTI)), in collaboration with Ahmed Far ...

Public Disclosure Authorized PAKISTAN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERIES Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PAKISTAN ENERGY SURVEY Insights into the true energy access situation in Pakistan based on the Multi-Tier Framework PAKISTAN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SERIES PAKISTAN ENERGY SURVEY Insights into the true energy access situation in Pakistan based on the Multi-Tier Framework Hyun Jin Choi, Saadia Qayyum, Bryan Bonsuk Koo ©2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and ...

Egypt Country Environmental Analysis Promoting Circular Economy and Blue Economy for Environmental Sustainability Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Acknowledgments This report was prepared by a team of World Bank staff and experts led by Suiko Yoshijima (Senior Environmental Specialist), and consisted of Hanan Elhadary (Senior Environmental Specialist), Fadi Doumani (Consultant), Sherif Arif (Consultant), Dalia Sakr (Consultan ...

T ECHNICAL REPORT J 2024 ld a ( F) WORLD BANK GROUP © 2024 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank Group with external contributions. "The World Bank Group" refers to the legally separate organizations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SCALING INNOVATIONS for Plastic Circularity with Investment in ASEAN Disclaimer This work is a product of staff at The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accu ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Indonesia's GDP growth remains resilient at 5.1 percent in Q1-2024, supported by robust private consumption which accounted for 57 percent of GDP growth [23][48] - Inflation pressures are re-emerging, with headline inflation rising to 2.8 percent year-on-year in May 2024, driven by food prices and climate conditions affecting domestic production [23][50] - The fiscal stance has expanded slightly amid rising social spending, with a small budget surplus of 0.1 percent of GDP in Q1-2024 [23][25] - The private sector is crucial for Indonesia to achieve high-income status by 2045, requiring an annual growth rate of over 6 percent and a productivity increase of 3 percent [33][35] Summary by Sections Economic Update - Indonesia's GDP growth was 5 percent in 2023 and 5.1 percent in Q1-2024, surpassing the world average of 2.6 percent [48] - Public consumption rebounded in Q1-2024, driven by election-related and social spending, while net exports negatively contributed to growth due to weak global demand [23][49] - Inflation accelerated again in 2024, with food prices significantly impacting the overall inflation rate [23][50] Unleashing Indonesia's Business Potential - The private sector is characterized by a large number of small firms, with 66 million businesses, predominantly micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) [34] - Regulatory reforms have improved the business environment, but challenges such as regulatory unpredictability and corruption persist [36][42] - Enhancing productivity and addressing structural challenges are essential for sustaining economic growth and improving living standards [35][44] Structural Challenges - The manufacturing sector is becoming less diversified, with a concentration in food and beverages, leading to vulnerabilities [29] - Regional income convergence has slowed, with disparities particularly evident in eastern Indonesia [30] - Labor productivity in Indonesia lags behind comparator countries, necessitating improvements to enhance competitiveness [38][39]