Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the life and contributions of Gao Fengying, a Chinese Communist Party underground member and anti-Japanese resistance leader, emphasizing his dedication and sacrifices during the war against Japanese occupation in Inner Mongolia [1][2][3]. Group 1: Background and Early Life - Gao Fengying, originally named Deledeng, was born into a poor family and became a member of the Chinese Communist Party after marrying Zhao Lianlian in 1928 [1]. - He left for the Soviet Union to study communist theory and returned to China in 1935 to organize anti-Japanese efforts [1]. Group 2: Resistance Activities - Gao Fengying worked tirelessly to recruit soldiers and secure resources for the anti-Japanese guerrilla forces, successfully persuading a platoon of Mongolian soldiers to join the resistance [2]. - He was arrested in 1938 while attempting to procure machine gun parts for the guerrillas but was rescued after 20 days of torture [2]. Group 3: Family and Sacrifices - Gao Fengying's family faced significant hardships, including his wife Zhao Lianlian being captured by enemy forces, yet she remained steadfast in protecting his whereabouts [2]. - The couple's children often accompanied them during their movements to evade enemy detection, leading to their family being referred to as a "guerrilla family" [2]. Group 4: Legacy and Commemoration - In 1940, Gao Fengying was appointed as the leader of the Mongolian anti-Japanese guerrilla forces and was affectionately known as "Yun Captain" by local people [3]. - He was killed in action in 1941, and his legacy was honored in a memorial service after the founding of New China, where his son vowed to carry on his father's spirit [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant contributions of female soldiers during the Anti-Japanese War, showcasing their bravery and roles in various capacities such as underground couriers, logistics, and medical support, emphasizing that the war was not solely a male endeavor but also a testament to women's strength and resilience [12][14][17]. Group 1: Individual Contributions - Xing Shurong, born in 1932, became an underground courier at the age of 11, demonstrating remarkable courage by alerting guerrilla fighters about Japanese troops, which helped save lives [14][15][16]. - Zhou Yumei, aged 96, participated in the war by making hand grenades and providing food to guerrilla fighters, reflecting the community's involvement in the resistance against Japanese forces [17][19]. - Xie Huiming, at 103 years old, served as a nurse during the war, risking her life to care for wounded soldiers and sustaining injuries herself, which illustrates the sacrifices made by women in the medical field during wartime [20]. Group 2: Historical Context - The Anti-Japanese War is described as a pivotal moment in Chinese history, marking the first complete victory against foreign invasion, with women playing crucial roles alongside men [12]. - The article notes that many women, influenced by their families and local revolutionary environments, joined the fight against Japanese aggression, highlighting the collective effort of communities in the struggle for liberation [19].

Core Points - The central theme of the exhibitions commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War has been established by various Chinese governmental bodies [1][2] - Shandong province leads the country with five exhibitions selected for this significant commemoration [1] Group 1: Exhibitions Overview - The "Tai'erzhuang Battle Historical Exhibition" located in Zaozhuang City covers an area of 8,000 square meters and displays over 1,000 precious historical artifacts from both Chinese and Japanese sides, highlighting the unity of the Chinese military under the banner of the Communist Party [1] - The "Eternal Mountains: Revolutionary Artifacts from the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Anti-Japanese Base" integrates resources from four provinces, showcasing the development of the anti-Japanese base and emphasizing the spirit of unity and sacrifice among the military and civilians [1] - The "Anti-Japanese Legend on the Railway: History of the Lunan Railway Brigade" at the Zaozhuang Railway Guerrilla Memorial comprehensively presents the heroic efforts of the Lunan military and civilians in resisting Japanese aggression [1] Group 2: Additional Exhibitions - The "Sending Troops to Shandong: The 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army in Yimeng" at the Linyi Museum is divided into five sections, illustrating the significant contributions of the 115th Division and the Yimeng people to the victory in the anti-Japanese war [2] - The "History of the Weixian Western Foreigners Concentration Camp" at the old site of the Weixian concentration camp documents the hardships faced by Western civilians and symbolizes the joint struggle of the Chinese people and Westerners against Japanese fascism during World War II [2]

Core Viewpoint - Macau played a significant role in supporting the national anti-Japanese war effort despite not being a main battlefield, demonstrating a strong sense of patriotism and community involvement during the period [4][5][6] Group 1: Historical Context - During the anti-Japanese war, Macau's population surged from 150,000 in 1937 to over 400,000 at the peak of the conflict, indicating that the city received nearly double its original population [3] - The influx of refugees led to severe food shortages, resulting in many residents dying from starvation between 1942 and 1944, with "body collection teams" frequently seen transporting corpses [3] Group 2: Community Involvement - Various sectors of Macau society actively participated in the war effort, with initiatives such as the establishment of the "Macau Chinese Relief Association" after the September 18 Incident, which saw widespread donations and support for the anti-Japanese cause [5] - The term "义" (righteousness) became a key theme in Macau, with local residents engaging in charitable acts like "义拉" (righteous transport) and "义卖" (righteous sales) to raise funds for the front lines [5] Group 3: Notable Figures and Contributions - Several notable individuals from Macau made significant sacrifices during the war, including Communist Party member Liao Jintao and educator Liang Yanming, both of whom were killed for their anti-Japanese activities [5] - Medical professionals like Dr. Ke Lin played crucial roles in rescuing cultural figures, while local bank manager He Xian negotiated with Japanese forces to alleviate food shortages [5] Group 4: Preservation of History - Macau has preserved various historical sites related to the anti-Japanese war, including the Ye Ting Residence and the Jinghu Hospital Historical Museum, which serve as reminders of the city's contributions [5] - Initiatives such as the "Macau Anti-Japanese War Figures Exhibition" and the upcoming publication of historical materials aim to educate future generations about this important period [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the contributions of Ye Qisun and his nephew Ye Minghan during the Anti-Japanese War, showcasing their dedication to national defense and their significant roles in military and scientific fields [3][6]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Anti-Japanese War saw many intellectuals, including Ye Qisun and Ye Minghan, actively participating in military efforts, demonstrating a strong sense of patriotism [3]. - Ye Qisun, a foundational figure in modern physics in China, mobilized technical talents to support the military during the war, providing funds and resources to the anti-Japanese base [4]. Group 2: Personal Contributions - Ye Minghan, inspired by his uncle, joined the military after his first semester at university, receiving a commemorative ring for his service [5]. - After rigorous training, Ye Minghan became a skilled driver and was praised by American officers for his excellent driving skills and cooperative spirit [5]. Group 3: Legacy - Both Ye Qisun and Ye Minghan made significant contributions to science and the war effort, leaving a lasting legacy of patriotism and achievement [6]. - Ye Minghan donated his military memorabilia to the China People's Anti-Japanese War Memorial Museum, preserving their history for future generations [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, highlighting the significant role of four famous Peking opera artists in inspiring the nation through their performances during the war [1]. Group 1: Contributions of Mei Lanfang - Mei Lanfang's play "Anti-Golden Soldiers" was inspired by the story of Liang Hongyu and Han Shizhong, showcasing their bravery against the invading Jin army, which served as a metaphor for resisting Japanese aggression [9][10]. - The play received overwhelming acclaim, with audiences moved to tears, and ticket sales were so high that they damaged the ticket windows [9]. - Mei Lanfang continued to promote anti-Japanese sentiment through his works, including "Life and Death Hate," which depicted the struggles of a couple during the invasion, further igniting public outrage against the Japanese [10][11]. Group 2: Contributions of Shang Xiaoyun - Shang Xiaoyun performed "Liang Hongyu" in Beijing, which mirrored the themes of Mei Lanfang's work, focusing on the love story between Liang Hongyu and Han Shizhong, culminating in their heroic resistance against the Jin army [13][14]. - The performance showcased Shang Xiaoyun's vocal prowess and martial skills, earning him acclaim for his ability to portray the character's complex emotions and the intensity of battle [14]. Group 3: Contributions of Cheng Yaojun - Cheng Yaojun refused to participate in a propaganda performance for the Japanese, stating he would not support their war efforts, demonstrating his strong nationalistic sentiments [15][16]. - After facing harassment from Japanese authorities, he chose to abandon his theatrical career and work in agriculture to avoid further persecution, showcasing his commitment to the cause [16]. Group 4: Contributions of Xun Huisheng - Xun Huisheng created the play "Xun Guanniang," which combined elements of singing, acting, and martial arts, portraying a young girl's bravery in seeking help during a siege, thus contributing to the anti-Japanese narrative [17]. - The play was well-received and served to educate the public about the importance of resistance against invaders, aligning with the broader anti-Japanese sentiment of the time [17].

Core Points - The article discusses the significant historical event of the Battle of Shanghai, also known as the "August 13" Incident, which marked the beginning of large-scale resistance against Japanese invasion in 1937 [1][3][9] - The battle involved over 700,000 Chinese troops and 250,000 Japanese soldiers, lasting for three months and thwarting Japan's strategy to quickly conquer China [1][9][21] Group 1 - The Japanese military launched a surprise attack on August 13, 1937, targeting key locations in Shanghai, including the Bazi Bridge, which was a strategic point for Chinese defenses [3][5][7] - The Chinese military, including various regional armies, quickly mobilized to defend Shanghai, with the National Government declaring a self-defense war [9][21] - Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, Chinese air forces engaged in fierce combat, achieving significant victories against Japanese aircraft [11][13][21] Group 2 - The battle saw notable acts of heroism from young Chinese pilots, with many sacrificing their lives to defend against the Japanese forces [15][17][19][21] - The Chinese military faced heavy casualties, with reports indicating that they lost nearly a division daily during the most intense fighting [24][21] - The National Government decided on a strategic retreat by late October 1937, with the Four Lines Warehouse becoming a symbol of resistance [26][29][33]

Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the contributions of Ye Qisun and his nephew Ye Minghan during the Anti-Japanese War, highlighting their dedication to national defense and scientific advancement [1][4]. Group 1: Historical Context - The exhibition at the China People's Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall showcases significant artifacts from the Anti-Japanese War, including military memorabilia from Ye Minghan [1]. - The article emphasizes the patriotic actions of intellectuals during the war, with Ye Qisun and Ye Minghan serving as exemplary figures [1]. Group 2: Contributions of Ye Qisun - Ye Qisun, a foundational figure in modern Chinese physics, played a crucial role in mobilizing technical talent for military efforts during the war [2]. - He facilitated the movement of resources and personnel to support the anti-Japanese base in Hebei, demonstrating his commitment to the war effort [2]. Group 3: Contributions of Ye Minghan - Ye Minghan, inspired by his uncle, joined the military during his studies and received specialized training as a driver [3]. - He participated in significant military operations, earning praise for his skills and dedication, and returned to China after the war [3][4]. Group 4: Legacy - Both Ye Qisun and Ye Minghan made substantial contributions to science and the war effort, leaving a lasting legacy of patriotism and achievement [4].

翟维俊近照。 本报记者 王昊男摄 青年时期的翟维俊。 图为受访者提供 "咱就想让老百姓知道，有人在打日本鬼子" 1926年1月，翟维俊出生在山西省翼城县桥上村。家里7口人，9亩地，还开了间小豆腐铺，日子还算过 得去。 13岁那年，翟维俊一家安宁的生活被战火打破。1939年5月6日清晨，两架日军飞机贴着树梢扑向桥上 村。"炸弹正好落在窑顶上，差点把我埋在里头。"翟维俊说。 2015年9月3日，纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战 争胜利70周年阅兵仪式上，抗战老兵方队中的翟维俊（前 排左四）。 图为受访者提供 惊魂未定，飞机上的机枪又开始扫射。邻居家的孩子倒在血泊里，20岁的堂兄翟维林在车店门口不幸遇 难……"我爷爷被震倒的门窗砸中，卧床不起，29天后咽了气。"回忆起敌人的凶残，翟维俊不禁攥紧拳 头，"这是家仇，更是国恨！" 从此，一个信念在少年心里生了根——"杀鬼子，保家国。"1943年，17岁的翟维俊报名参加了游击队。 "这娃个子太小，不要把枪丢了。"副村长陈贵华打量着他瘦小的身板直摇头。翟维俊见状，使劲挺胸踮 脚。"这娃虽小，但机灵，算一个吧。"村长翟广仁说。 北京朝阳区永安里，一间简朴老屋内，99岁的翟 ...

沈长龙近照。 本报记者 王 者摄 走进山东省日照市莒县小店镇小官庄村的一处农家院落，99岁的抗战老兵沈长龙凝望窗外，他布满岁月 痕迹的手轻抚过一尊木雕，指尖在粗粝刻痕间缓缓游移。 木雕是沈长龙亲手刻的老战友来永年。老人与木雕目光汇聚，穿越八十多载烽烟，与来永年并肩战斗的 场景再次浮现眼前。 "又梦到他了，跟我一块打仗、上课，教我打鞋垫子……"话音未落，沈长龙眼中已噙满泪水。 为什么要参军？ "八路军告诉我们，胜利后准能过上好日子" "1943年2月，一支八路军队伍在我们村驻扎下来。"沈长龙缓缓地说，"那些战士，跟别的兵不一样。" 沈长龙回忆，八路军来到小官庄村后，帮乡亲们挑水、扫院子，还教娃娃们识字，"八路军告诉我们， 胜利后准能过上好日子，听着心里可有盼头了！" 年轻的沈长龙深受感召，决心参军报国。"王指导员，我要参军打鬼子！"他天天围在滨海军区莒中独立 营四连指导员王景任身边，一遍遍说。 当时，莒县正深陷日伪拉锯战泥潭。王景任看着沈长龙眼中那份热切与执着，便将小官庄村西河沿一处 哨位交给他："沈长龙，这个岗哨就是你的阵地，你要看好，有情况马上报告！"沈长龙紧握红缨枪，稚 嫩的脸庞上写满刚毅。 "当兵要打仗 ...