Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that Japan's defeat in World War II should be recognized as a loss to China, not just to the United States, highlighting the significant role played by Chinese forces in the war [2][6][17]. Group 1: Historical Context - August 15 marks the 80th anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender, coinciding with the 80th anniversary of China's victory in the War of Resistance against Japan [1]. - Japan's narrative of defeat focuses on its loss to the United States, ignoring its defeat by China during the invasion [2][16]. - The Japanese military's deployment during the war shows a significant commitment to the Chinese front, with 1.38 million troops in China by 1941, compared to only 155,000 in the Pacific [4][5]. Group 2: Military Engagements and Costs - Japan's military expenditure in China from 1941 to 1945 totaled 415.41 billion yen, accounting for 57% of its total military spending during that period, while spending in the Pacific was only 184.2 billion yen [6]. - Major battles, such as the "Hundred Regiments Offensive" and the "Hengyang Defense Battle," demonstrated the fierce resistance of Chinese forces, inflicting heavy casualties on Japanese troops [12][14]. Group 3: Post-War Recognition and Impact - After Japan's surrender, formal ceremonies took place in China, including in Zhijiang and Nanjing, where Japanese forces surrendered to Chinese military leaders [7][9]. - The article argues that Japan's refusal to acknowledge its defeat by China has led to a distorted historical narrative, affecting Japan's perception of China and its own national identity [22][23]. - The ongoing military developments in China, such as the enhancement of naval capabilities, are causing concern in Japan, indicating a shift in regional power dynamics [24].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of remembering historical events, particularly Japan's wartime actions during World War II, to prevent repeating past mistakes and to cherish peace achieved after the war [1][3]. Group 1: Historical Context - The article highlights that Japan's militaristic actions during World War II caused immense suffering, particularly in China, where over 35 million people were casualties of the war [1]. - It notes that August 15, 1945, marks Japan's unconditional surrender, symbolizing the victory of the Chinese people in the Anti-Japanese War and the global anti-fascist struggle [1]. Group 2: Current Political Climate - The article discusses Japan's current political landscape, where some politicians and right-wing groups are attempting to downplay Japan's wartime responsibilities and distort historical facts, such as the Nanjing Massacre and the "comfort women" issue [3][4]. - It mentions Japan's recent shift in historical discourse, where the government has moved away from established practices of addressing historical issues, leading to criticism of Japan's regression on historical matters [3]. Group 3: Military and Strategic Developments - The article outlines Japan's increasing military budget and its efforts to amend its pacifist constitution, which raises concerns about a resurgence of militarism [3][4]. - It points out that Japan's defense strategy is evolving, with the upcoming 2024 upgrade of the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty shifting the alliance's focus from defense to a more offensive posture, which could embolden Japan's military ambitions [4]. Group 4: International Reactions - The article notes that there is growing international criticism of Japan's attempts to whitewash its wartime history and its military expansion, with voices from various countries expressing concern over Japan's actions [5]. - It highlights that some Japanese citizens are becoming aware of the true historical events, leading to shock and disillusionment regarding the government's narrative [5].