北京时间1月19日凌晨2时09分左右，太阳活动区爆发X1.9级耀斑，标志着2026年首个X级大耀斑出 现。受日冕物质抛射影响，自1月20日2时起，地球开始发生地磁暴。截至21日17时，已持续出现15小时 特大地磁暴，18小时大地磁暴以及6小时中等地磁暴，目前地磁活动仍在持续。受此次强烈地磁活动影 响，我国多地天空出现了绚丽的极光。 这次地磁暴为何如此强烈？地磁暴能否预报，未来发生频次会增加吗？地磁暴会影响人类生活吗？ 1月21日，科技日报记者就此采访了相关专家。 第一问：此次地磁暴为何这么强？ 最后是预测地磁暴的强度与持续时间。当日冕物质抛射到达地球附近时，位于日地之间、距离地球 约150万公里（日地L1点）的"哨兵"卫星会对其进行捕捉。这些卫星可以直接测量太阳风的速度、密度 和磁场方向。其中磁场方向的测量尤为关键，如果太阳磁场转为强烈的南向（与地球磁场方向相反）， 就会剧烈扰动地球磁场，引发强地磁暴。 "目前来看，与天气预报相比，空间天气预报的误差仍相对较大。"陈安芹说，从日冕物质抛射离开 太阳表面，到被L1点附近的"哨兵"卫星捕获之前，中间缺乏观测数据，导致地磁暴发生时间的预报误差 在±12小时左右。同时 ...

这次地磁暴为何如此强烈？地磁暴能否预报，未来发生频次会增加吗？地磁暴会影响人类生活吗？1月 21日，科技日报记者就此采访了相关专家。 第一问：此次地磁暴为何这么强？ 国家空间天气监测预警中心首席预报员陈安芹介绍，地磁暴是高速太阳风压缩地球磁场，并引发短时剧 烈扰动的现象，如同平静湖面突然泛起的涟漪，并非真正意义上的"爆炸"。 来源：科技日报 ◎本报记者 付丽丽 北京时间1月19日凌晨2时09分左右，太阳活动区爆发X1.9级耀斑，标志着2026年首个X级大耀斑出现。 受日冕物质抛射影响，自1月20日2时起，地球开始发生地磁暴。截至21日17时，已持续出现15小时特大 地磁暴，18小时大地磁暴以及6小时中等地磁暴，目前地磁活动仍在持续。受此次强烈地磁活动影响， 我国多地天空出现了绚丽的极光。 其次，预测"冲击波"何时抵达地球。基于卫星图像，科研人员会估算日冕抛射体的速度、质量和方向， 进而预测其可能影响地球的时间。 最后是预测地磁暴的强度与持续时间。当日冕物质抛射到达地球附近时，位于日地之间、距离地球约 150万公里（日地L1点）的"哨兵"卫星会对其进行捕捉。这些卫星可以直接测量太阳风的速度、密度和 磁场方向。其 ...

来源：科技日报微信公众号（记者：付丽丽） 北京时间1月19日2时09分左右，太阳活动区14341爆发X1.9级耀斑，这是太阳在2026年首次出现X级大 耀斑。受其影响，1月20日2时起，地球开始发生磁暴，截至当日20时，共出现6小时特大地磁暴，6小时 中等地磁暴。 风云三号E星在太空也探测到此次地磁活动，随着磁暴的开始，地磁指数的数值快速下探。 作为最典型的太阳爆发活动，一次日冕物质抛射过程能将数以亿吨计的太阳物质以每秒数百千米的高速 抛离太阳表面。这些物质中不光有着巨大质量与速度汇聚成的动能，还携带着太阳强大的磁场能。一旦 命中地球，就会引发地球磁场方向与大小的变化，即地磁暴。 地磁暴会不会给人体带来影响？这个不用过分担心，地磁暴对人类而言没有影响。地磁暴所产生的磁场 变化量实际上很小，还没咱们家庭日常使用的"吸铁石""磁力粘钩"的磁性强，大家完全不用在意。 但地磁暴对航空器和卫星轨道运行会有一定影响，受地磁暴影响，卫星空间站可能会因大气拖曳造成轨 道高度有所下降，需加强对轨道的监测并根据需要进行轨道调控；卫星导航设备定位误差可能有所增 大，但对公众日常使用导航等功能影响不大。 此外，强烈的地磁活动可能会影 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from sunspot 14341, marking the first X-class flare of 2026, which has led to significant geomagnetic storms on Earth, resulting in beautiful auroras in various regions of China [2][5]. Group 1: Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Storms - On January 19, 2026, at 2:09 AM Beijing time, sunspot 14341 erupted with an X1.9-class flare, the first of its kind in 2026 [2]. - Following the flare, geomagnetic storms began on January 20, 2026, at 2:00 AM, with reports of 6 hours of severe geomagnetic storms and 6 hours of moderate storms, which are still ongoing [2]. Group 2: Effects of Geomagnetic Storms - The geomagnetic storms have led to the appearance of stunning auroras in northern China, particularly in the Greater Khingan Range of Heilongjiang province [7]. - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt shortwave communication and navigation systems across most regions of China [8]. - The storms cause disturbances in the ionosphere, affecting ground communication and satellite signals, which may impact the accuracy of navigation satellite systems and the quality of mobile and satellite TV signals [10]. - Strong geomagnetic storms can increase current loads on power transmission systems, potentially damaging transformers and other grid facilities, leading to power outages [11]. Group 3: Impact on Daily Life - The impact of geomagnetic storms on public daily life and health is minimal, and no special precautions are necessary [12]. - However, strong geomagnetic activity may affect animal migration and navigation abilities, particularly for birds that rely on solar and geomagnetic navigation [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from sunspot 14341, marking the first X-class flare of 2026, which has led to significant geomagnetic storms affecting Earth and creating beautiful auroras in several regions of China [3][8]. Group 1: Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Storms - On January 19, 2026, at 2:09 AM Beijing time, a significant solar flare occurred, resulting in geomagnetic storms starting from January 20, 2026, at 2:00 AM [3]. - The geomagnetic storm has been categorized into six hours of severe geomagnetic storms and six hours of moderate geomagnetic storms, with the storm still ongoing [3]. Group 2: Effects of Geomagnetic Storms - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt shortwave communication and navigation systems across most regions of China to varying degrees [10]. - The storms can increase atmospheric particle movement, leading to greater flight resistance for spacecraft, posing risks to their safety in orbit [11]. - Strong geomagnetic storms may affect power transmission systems, increasing current loads on transmission lines and potentially damaging transformers or other grid facilities, which could result in power outages [13]. Group 3: Impact on Daily Life - The impact of geomagnetic storms on public daily life and health is minimal, and no special precautions are necessary [15]. - However, strong geomagnetic activity may affect animal migration and navigation abilities, particularly for species that rely on solar and geomagnetic navigation, such as homing pigeons [15].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare and its subsequent impact on Earth, including the emergence of geomagnetic storms and auroras in various regions of China [1][3]. Group 1: Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Storms - On January 19, 2026, a significant X1.9-class solar flare was recorded, marking the first occurrence of an X-class flare in 2026 [1]. - Following the solar flare, geomagnetic storms began on January 20, 2026, with reports of 6 hours of severe geomagnetic storms and 6 hours of moderate storms, which are still ongoing [3]. Group 2: Auroras and Observation Conditions - Northern regions of China have the opportunity to witness notable auroras, including the possibility of red-green composite auroras, due to favorable observation conditions during the winter season [4]. - The Daxing'anling area in Heilongjiang province experienced rare and beautiful auroras as a result of the geomagnetic storm [7]. Group 3: Impact of Geomagnetic Storms - Geomagnetic storms can disrupt shortwave communication and navigation systems across most regions of China [8]. - The storms cause disturbances in the ionosphere, affecting ground communication and satellite signals, which may impact the accuracy of navigation satellite systems and the quality of mobile and satellite TV signals [10]. - Strong geomagnetic storms can also affect power transmission systems, increasing current loads on transmission lines and potentially damaging transformers or other grid facilities, leading to power outages [11]. - While the impact on daily life and public health is minimal, strong geomagnetic activity may affect animal migration and navigation abilities, particularly for species that rely on solar and geomagnetic navigation [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article reports on the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from sunspot region 14341, marking the first X-class flare of 2026, with potential implications for geomagnetic activity on Earth [1][3]. Group 1: Solar Activity - The solar flare occurred at 02:09 UTC on January 19, 2026, and is classified as an X1.9 event, indicating significant solar activity [1]. - Sunspot region 14341 is located in the eastern-central part of the sun, covering an area of 500 microhectares and exhibiting a complex β-γ magnetic field type [3]. Group 2: Impact on Earth - The flare was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), which is expected to lead to strong geomagnetic activity on January 20-21 [5]. - Due to the timing of the flare occurring during nighttime in China, there was no immediate impact on the ionosphere or shortwave radio communications [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from solar activity region 14341, marking the first X-class flare of 2026, with potential implications for geomagnetic activity on Earth [3][5]. Group 1: Solar Activity - The solar flare occurred on January 19 at 02:09 Beijing time, classified as X1.9, indicating a significant level of solar activity [3]. - The solar activity region 14341 is located in the eastern central part of the sun, covering an area of 500 microhectares and exhibiting a complex β-γ magnetic field type [5]. - Accompanying the flare was a coronal mass ejection (CME), which is expected to lead to strong geomagnetic activity on January 20-21 [5]. Group 2: Impact and Monitoring - The flare did not affect the ionosphere or shortwave radio communications in China due to its occurrence during nighttime [5]. - The current winter conditions in northern regions, combined with the moon's phase on the evening of January 20, are favorable for capturing beautiful aurora photographs [7]. - The National Space Weather Monitoring and Warning Center will closely monitor solar dynamics and provide timely services related to the solar activity [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article reports the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from solar active region 14341, marking the first X-class flare of the sun in 2026 [2][8]. Group 1: Solar Flare Details - The solar flare occurred on January 19 at 02:09 Beijing time [2][8]. - The flare was accompanied by coronal mass ejection (CME), which was full halo due to the favorable position of the eruption area relative to Earth [4][10]. Group 2: Impact and Observations - The X-ray flux has since decreased, indicating the end of the flare event [4][10]. - The flare did not affect the ionosphere or shortwave radio communications in the corresponding regions as it occurred during nighttime in China [4][10]. - Strong geomagnetic activity is expected on January 20-21, coinciding with favorable conditions for aurora photography due to the snowy landscape and the moon's phase [6][12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the occurrence of an X1.9-class solar flare from sunspot region 14341, marking the first X-class flare since 2026, and its potential impacts on geomagnetic activity and auroras on Earth [2][4][6] Group 1: Solar Flare Details - The solar flare occurred on January 19 at 02:09 Beijing time, classified as X1.9, indicating significant solar activity [2] - Sunspot region 14341 is located in the eastern central part of the sun, covering an area of 500 microhectares, with a complex magnetic field of the β-γ type [4] - The flare was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), which is expected to lead to geomagnetic activity on January 20-21 [4][6] Group 2: Impact and Observations - The solar flare did not affect the ionosphere or shortwave radio communications in China due to its occurrence during nighttime [4] - The conditions are favorable for capturing stunning aurora photographs, particularly on the night of January 20, coinciding with a slender crescent moon [6] - The National Space Weather Monitoring and Warning Center will closely monitor solar dynamics to provide timely services [6]