Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events in northern China, leading to significant damage and loss of life, challenging the traditional perception of the region as having low rainfall [1][2][3] Group 1: Extreme Weather Events - Northern regions, including Beijing and Hebei, have experienced unprecedented rainfall, with Beijing recording over 432.7 mm of rain since June 1, which is 75% more than the average for the same period [1] - The rainfall from July 23 to July 29 accounted for nearly 40% of the annual precipitation, indicating a shift in weather patterns [1] Group 2: Climate Change Impact - Meteorological experts attribute the increase in extreme rainfall to global climate change, with the West Pacific subtropical high pressure system becoming stronger and expanding northward [2] - The traditional belief that northern China experiences less rain is becoming outdated, necessitating a reevaluation of flood prevention strategies [2] Group 3: Flood Prevention and Safety Awareness - There is a pressing need to enhance public awareness of flood safety and to update flood prevention measures in response to the new normal of extreme weather [3][4] - Experts emphasize the importance of accurate weather forecasting and the need for communities to adopt a proactive approach to disaster preparedness [3][5] Group 4: Infrastructure and Policy Recommendations - Urban planners and local governments are urged to rethink flood control standards and implement resilient city designs to cope with extreme weather [6] - Recommendations include improving monitoring and early warning systems for localized extreme weather events and enhancing regional collaboration for effective disaster response [6]

Core Viewpoint - The effectiveness of REDD+ projects, aimed at reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation, has been questioned recently, leading to a decline in the value of carbon offsets [2][6]. Group 1: REDD+ Project Analysis - A study published in the journal Science analyzed 52 REDD+ projects across 12 countries in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, finding that only 19% of these projects met their self-reported emission reduction targets [3][6]. - The study indicates that while the climate benefits of REDD+ projects are higher than previous assessments, the overall effectiveness remains low, with significant regional variations in project success [6][7]. - The research highlights a concerning issue of "over-crediting," where the number of carbon credits issued exceeds the actual emissions reductions achieved [6][7]. Group 2: Recommendations for Improvement - To enhance the credibility and impact of forest carbon offsets, the study suggests improving baseline setting methods and strengthening verification frameworks [7]. - The findings emphasize that while many REDD+ projects are not as effective as claimed, some have achieved tangible results, particularly in Brazil and Africa [7].

【环球时报特约记者 晨阳】近年来全球极端天气频发，已经引起各国科学界的广泛关注。根据美国国 家航空航天局（NASA）卫星观测数据作出的最新报告显示，在过去20年间，地球反射太阳光的能力明 显下降，也就是通俗所说的"全球变暗"，可能将进一步加剧全球气候变化带来的影响。 美国Discovery杂志网站7日称，20多年来，地球一直在缓慢变暗。研究人员对NASA云和地球辐射能量 系统（CERES）24年间收集到的统计数据进行分析后发现，地球逐渐变暗的原因是地球反射的阳光减 少，其中北半球的变暗更为显著。"尽管地球表面反射的太阳光只发生了微小的变化，却在悄无声息地 改变地球的气候平衡。" 据介绍，早在20世纪90年代，科学家就发现了"全球变暗"的现象。造成这种变化的原因很多，当时更受 关注的因素是太阳辐射的逐年减少。统计显示，从20世纪50年代到90年代，美国地表接收到的太阳能量 下降了10%，苏联地区的降幅则高达30%。2005年，《科学》杂志发表的一篇论文称，从1990年开始， 持续数十年的"全球变暗"过程宣告结束，地球表面日趋明亮。 联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第四次评估报告（2007）中也表示：" ...

"全球气温形势基本保持不变，陆地和海洋表面温度持续居高不下。" 9日，欧盟气候监测机构哥白尼气候变化服务局表示，刚刚过去的9月是全球有纪录以来第三热的9月，平均地表气温为16.11°C， 比 1991~2020年9月平均气温高出0.66°C。 具体而言，2025年9月比有纪录以来最热的2023年9月低0.27°C，仅比2024年9月低0.07°C。 该机构气候战略负责人伯吉斯（Samantha Burgess）表示："2025年9月的全球气温是有纪录以来第三高的9月，几乎与2024年9月 持平，但比2024年9月低了不到十分之一度。一年过去了，全球气温形势基本保持不变，陆地和海洋表面温度持续居高不下，反 映出温室气体在大气中积累的持续影响。" 只有西欧部分地区的气温低于平均水平，通常比平均水平低不到1°C。 在欧洲以外，加拿大、格陵兰岛部分地区、西伯利亚最西北部及其邻近沿海地区以及南极洲大部分地区的气温高于平均水平。 全球范围内，仅有西伯利亚中北部、澳大利亚西部和南极洲东部部分地区出现明显的负温异常。 9月全球同热 哥白尼气候变化服务局的数据显示，2025年9月的温度比用于定义工业化前水平的1850-1900 ...

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition marks a significant achievement in enhancing the country's understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic environment and its implications for global climate change [1][3][5] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved the "Snow Dragon 2," "Polar," "Deep Sea One," and "Explorer Three" vessels, making it China's largest Arctic scientific investigation to date [5] - The "Deep Sea One" vessel successfully conducted China's first manned deep dive in the Arctic ice zone using the "Jiaolong" manned submersible [5] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The expedition achieved important progress in multi-disciplinary investigations and collaborative observations in the Arctic, enhancing the capability for synchronous monitoring of the Arctic Ocean [3] - The research revealed significant variations in benthic organism density, biodiversity, and individual size across spatial ranges of tens to hundreds of kilometers, providing insights into the spatial distribution patterns of polar deep-sea organisms and the impact of climate change on deep-sea ecosystems [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the successful return of the "Xuelong 2" icebreaker from the 15th Arctic scientific expedition, marking China's largest Arctic scientific investigation to date [1] Group 1 - The "Xuelong 2" icebreaker, carrying 100 members of the 15th Arctic scientific expedition team, returned to Shanghai on September 26 [1] - The expedition was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and involved four vessels: "Xuelong 2," "Jidi," "Deep Sea One," and "Exploration Three" [1] - This Arctic investigation was part of the national key research and development plan, enhancing China's understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic and its impacts [1] Group 2 - The findings from this expedition provide significant support for understanding and effectively responding to global climate change [1]

Core Insights - The "Xuelong 2" polar research icebreaker successfully returned to Shanghai, marking China's largest Arctic scientific expedition with 100 members from the 15th Arctic Scientific Expedition Team [1] - The expedition aimed to enhance understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic and its impacts, providing crucial support for addressing global climate change [1] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The Arctic expedition was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and involved four vessels: "Xuelong 2," "Jidi," "Deep Sea One," and "Exploration Three" [1] - Significant progress was made in multi-disciplinary investigations and observations in the Arctic, particularly in the Chukchi Sea, Canadian Basin, and central Arctic region [1] Group 2: Research Achievements - Collaborative operations between "Xuelong 2" and "Jidi" improved synchronous observation capabilities in the Arctic, filling data gaps in high-latitude marine areas [1] - Long-term real-time monitoring of ice drift and underwater hydrological and ecological changes supports the understanding of seasonal evolution and underlying mechanisms in the Arctic [1] Group 3: Ecological Insights - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging observation systems at different depths and time scales provided comprehensive data on the ice edge zone [2] - The expedition captured significant occurrences of subsurface chlorophyll maxima, enhancing understanding of the Arctic "sea-snow" formation mechanisms and laying the groundwork for studying the ecological responses of the ice edge zone to sea ice retreat [2]

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition, marked by the return of the "Xuelong 2" vessel, enhances understanding of the rapidly changing Arctic and its global climate impact [1][2] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four vessels: "Xuelong 2," "Jidi," "Shenhai Yihao," and "Tansuo Sanhao," making it the largest Arctic scientific investigation conducted by China [1] - The mission was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and aimed to support national key research and development tasks [1] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The expedition improved synchronous observation capabilities in the Arctic, filling data gaps in high-latitude marine areas and enhancing ocean environment forecasting abilities [2] - Long-term monitoring of ice drift and ecological changes under the ice provides insights into seasonal variations and underlying mechanisms in the Arctic [2] - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging systems at different depths and time scales yielded comprehensive data on the ice edge zone [2] Group 3: Deep-Sea Exploration - The "Shenhai Yihao" vessel, supported by "Xuelong 2," successfully conducted China's first manned deep-sea dive in the Arctic ice zone, indicating advancements in deep-sea exploration capabilities [2] - Initial findings reveal significant variations in benthic organism density, biodiversity, and individual size across spatial ranges of tens to hundreds of kilometers, aiding in understanding the spatial distribution of polar deep-sea organisms and assessing climate change impacts on deep-sea ecosystems [2]

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition by the "Snow Dragon 2" ship marks a significant advancement in understanding the rapid changes in the Arctic and their global climate implications [1][2] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four vessels: "Snow Dragon 2," "Polar," "Deep Sea One," and "Explorer Three," making it the largest Arctic scientific investigation conducted by China [1] - The mission was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and aimed to enhance China's research capabilities in the Arctic region [1] Group 2: Scientific Achievements - Collaborative operations between "Snow Dragon 2" and "Polar" in high-latitude marine areas improved synchronous observation capabilities, filling data gaps in the Arctic [2] - Long-term monitoring of ice drift and underwater ecological changes provided insights into seasonal variations and mechanisms in the Arctic [2] - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging systems at various depths yielded extensive data on the ice edge zone, enhancing understanding of the "sea-snow" formation mechanisms [2] Group 3: Deep Sea Exploration - The "Deep Sea One" ship, supported by "Snow Dragon 2," successfully conducted China's first manned deep-sea dive in the Arctic, showcasing advancements in deep-sea exploration capabilities [2] - Initial findings indicated significant variations in benthic organism density, diversity, and size across distances of tens to hundreds of kilometers, aiding in understanding the spatial distribution of polar deep-sea ecosystems [2]

Core Insights - The successful completion of China's 15th Arctic scientific expedition by the "Snow Dragon 2" ship marks a significant achievement in understanding the rapidly changing Arctic environment and its implications for global climate change [1][2] Group 1: Expedition Overview - The expedition involved four vessels: "Snow Dragon 2," "Polar," "Deep Sea One," and "Explorer Three," making it China's largest Arctic scientific investigation [1] - The mission was organized by the Ministry of Natural Resources and aimed to implement national key research and development plans [1] Group 2: Scientific Achievements - Collaborative operations between "Snow Dragon 2" and "Polar" enhanced synchronous observation capabilities in high-latitude Arctic regions, filling data gaps and supporting marine environmental forecasting [2] - Long-term monitoring of ice drift and underwater ecological changes provided insights into seasonal variations and underlying mechanisms in the Arctic [2] - The deployment of multiple underwater biological imaging systems at various depths yielded extensive data on the ice edge zone, contributing to the understanding of the "sea-snow" formation mechanism and the ecological responses to sea ice retreat [2] Group 3: Deep-Sea Exploration - The "Deep Sea One" ship, supported by "Snow Dragon 2," successfully conducted China's first manned deep-sea dive in the Arctic ice zone, indicating advancements in deep-sea exploration capabilities [2] - Preliminary studies revealed significant spatial variations in benthic organism density, diversity, and size across Arctic seabed areas, aiding in the assessment of climate change impacts on deep-sea ecosystems [2]