Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Gold revenue for Q1 2025 was $56 million, up 46% compared to the same quarter last year, driven by strong production and a higher average realized gold price of just under $2,900 per ounce, which was up 42% [16][29] - Gross profit reached a record $26.9 million, representing a 95% increase year-over-year [18][29] - Net cash from operating activities more than doubled to $13.3 million compared to $4.9 million in the comparative quarter [28][29] - The net cash position improved to negative $4.6 million at the end of the quarter, compared to negative $14.2 million in the same period last year [29] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Production increased to 19,000 ounces of gold, up from 17,500 ounces in the comparable quarter, reflecting a strong operational performance [5][16] - Production costs rose to $22.6 million, up 19% year-over-year, primarily due to higher labor, power, and consumables costs [18][29] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The company realized an average gold price of just under $2,900 per ounce, which significantly contributed to revenue growth [16][18] - Higher royalty payments were noted, increasing by 47% due to the rise in gold prices [16] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on disciplined growth, maintaining production levels, and exploring new opportunities to extend the life of the Blanket mine [87][88] - There is an emphasis on optimizing project economics and minimizing equity dilution for the Billbows project, with ongoing feasibility studies to identify cost-saving opportunities [56][61] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the operational performance and the potential for continued growth, citing a strong cash position following the sale of the solar plant [31] - The management team highlighted the importance of cost control initiatives and the positive impact of recent strategic decisions on production and safety [44][51] Other Important Information - The company has made significant changes to its board and management team to strengthen its leadership [6][7] - Safety initiatives have been prioritized, resulting in a reduction of incidents and a commitment to a proactive safety culture [51][53] Q&A Session Summary Question: Long-term aspects of mine development - The management was asked about the longer-term aspects of mine development, including declines and other work being done [92][94]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Group revenue increased by 4.2% to $2.1 billion on a like-for-like basis, while adjusted EBITDA decreased by 2% to $104.8 million [4][5] - Adjusted net income was $33.1 million, with adjusted EPS down to $0.35 from $0.43 in Q1 2024, primarily due to the decrease in adjusted EBITDA [5][17] - The company announced a 6.25% increase in dividend to $0.85 per share, marking the first dividend increase since 2021 [5][23] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fresh Fruit segment reported adjusted EBITDA of $63.3 million, exceeding expectations despite challenges from Tropical Storm Sarah [6][18] - Diversified EMEA segment achieved adjusted EBITDA of $27.7 million, with strong growth driven by the UK, Spain, and the Netherlands [9][19] - Diversified Americas segment saw a like-for-like revenue decline of 6.8%, primarily due to lower export pricing for Southern Hemisphere products [20] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - North America experienced good volume growth in bananas, while European markets showed stable performance with volume growth in bananas and improved pineapple performance [8][9] - The company noted a favorable balance in supply and demand for bananas and pineapples, with expectations of robust demand continuing throughout the year [9] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on exploring internal and external investment opportunities to drive growth, particularly in the Diversified EMEA segment [10][25] - Capital allocation will be influenced by the outcome of the fresh vegetable division's strategic review, with ongoing projects in automation technology and facility expansions [40][44] - The company aims to maintain a baseline capital expenditure of approximately $100 million while anticipating increased spending related to reinvestments in Honduras [25][22] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in navigating macroeconomic challenges, revising full-year adjusted EBITDA guidance upwards to at least $380 million [24][52] - The company is monitoring evolving international trade dynamics and believes existing trade deals will remain favorable [24] - Management acknowledged potential short-term disruptions but emphasized the resilience of the business model [25] Other Important Information - The company completed a €1.2 billion refinancing of its credit facility, enhancing financial flexibility [5][21] - Free cash flow from continuing operations was an outflow of £131.6 million, primarily due to seasonal working capital trends [22] Q&A Session Summary Question: Follow-up on EBITDA guidance and tariff impacts - Management indicated that the EBITDA guidance reflects better-than-expected Q1 performance and considers current tariffs [28][29] Question: Fresh vegetables business exit strategy - Management is actively working on a strategic exit for the fresh vegetables business, emphasizing the complexity of the process [31][33] Question: Capital allocation policy and growth initiatives - Management stated that all capital allocation options are on the table, with a focus on internal development projects and potential acquisitions [39][41] Question: Performance drivers in Diversified Americas - Management highlighted strong performance in North American distribution and handling businesses, with a return to normal market conditions in South America [46][48] Question: Incremental CapEx for reinvestment in Honduras - Management estimated additional CapEx for reinvestment in Honduras to be around $10 million to $12 million, aimed at improving yields and flood protections [49]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Group revenue increased by 4.2% to $2.1 billion on a like-for-like basis, while adjusted EBITDA decreased by 2% to $104.8 million [4][5] - Adjusted net income was $33.1 million, with adjusted EPS at $0.35 per share, down from $0.43 in Q1 2024 [5][17] - The company announced a 6.25% increase in dividend to $0.85 per share, marking the first dividend increase since 2021 [5][23] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fresh Fruit segment reported adjusted EBITDA of $63.3 million, exceeding expectations despite challenges from Tropical Storm Sarah [6][18] - Diversified EMEA segment achieved adjusted EBITDA of $27.7 million, with strong growth driven by the UK, Spain, and the Netherlands [9][19] - Diversified Americas segment saw a like-for-like revenue decline of 6.8%, primarily due to lower export pricing for Southern Hemisphere products [20] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - North American operations showed good volume growth in bananas, with stable performance in Europe despite challenging pricing conditions [6][8] - The company noted a favorable balance in supply and demand for bananas and pineapples, with expectations of robust demand continuing throughout the year [9][10] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on exploring internal and external investment opportunities to drive growth, particularly in the Diversified EMEA segment [10][42] - There is an ongoing evaluation of the fresh vegetables business, with a commitment to finding a strategic outcome that benefits all stakeholders [32][34] - The company aims to maintain a capital expenditure level in line with depreciation expenses, while also planning for increased CapEx related to reinvestments in Honduras [26][40] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in navigating macroeconomic challenges, revising full-year adjusted EBITDA guidance upwards to at least $380 million [24][50] - The company is monitoring evolving international trade dynamics and believes existing trade deals will remain favorable [25][26] - Management highlighted the importance of a resilient and diverse business model in facing current economic volatility [24][50] Other Important Information - The company completed a €1.2 billion refinancing of its credit facility, enhancing financial flexibility [5][21] - Free cash flow from continuing operations was an outflow of £131.6 million, expected to unwind as the year progresses [22] Q&A Session Summary Question: Follow-up on EBITDA guidance and tariff impacts - Management acknowledged the complexity of forecasting in the current environment, attributing the guidance raise to better-than-expected Q1 performance and favorable foreign exchange translation [30][31] Question: Fresh vegetables business exit strategy - Management confirmed ongoing efforts to find a strategic exit for the fresh vegetables business, emphasizing the complexity of the process and the importance of stakeholder interests [32][34] Question: Capital allocation policy and growth initiatives - Management stated that all capital allocation options are on the table, with a focus on internal development projects and potential acquisitions [40][42] Question: Performance drivers in Diversified Americas - Management highlighted strong performance in North American distribution and handling businesses, with a return to normal market conditions in South America [46][47] Question: Incremental CapEx for Honduras reinvestment - Management indicated that additional CapEx for reinvestment in Honduras would be in the range of $10 million to $12 million, aimed at improving yields and flood protections [48]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the essence and risks of businesses, particularly through the lens of financial statements, especially the balance sheet, rather than just focusing on profit margins [9][10][11]. Group 1: Investment Philosophy - The company values a deep understanding of the core business and its risks, as demonstrated by Warren Buffett's focus on the balance sheet during acquisitions [6][9]. - The company believes that the balance sheet reveals more about a business's true nature than the income statement, which can often be misleading [10][11]. - The management team is committed to maintaining a strong financial structure and reputation while allocating capital strategically [16][18]. Group 2: Capital Allocation Strategy - The company plans to continue its traditional approach to capital allocation, focusing on familiar business sectors and ensuring a robust capital structure [19]. - The management will prioritize 100% ownership acquisitions and investments in publicly traded companies, ensuring a thorough understanding of their long-term economic prospects [20]. - The company recognizes the need for significant capital investment in the energy sector to meet future demands, indicating a shift in focus towards this area [28][81]. Group 3: Regulatory and Market Challenges - The company acknowledges a structural change in the regulatory environment affecting public utilities, which has led to a significant decline in valuations [75][77]. - The management is aware of the increasing risks associated with natural disasters, such as wildfires, and is actively working on strategies to mitigate these risks [44][46]. - The company emphasizes the importance of collaboration with government entities to address systemic issues in the energy sector [25][66]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The company is cautious about future investments in public utilities due to changing market dynamics and regulatory challenges [80]. - The management is focused on building trust and a solid reputation to attract future capital investments [81]. - The company is committed to continuous learning and adaptation in response to evolving risks and market conditions [64][65].

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Total company revenue for Q1 2025 was $680 million, a decrease of 5% year over year, aligning with the outlook of down 4% to 7% [16] - Adjusted EBITDA for Q1 2025 was $136 million, a 22% decrease year over year, primarily due to lower political advertising revenue and AMS revenue [21] - Cash and cash equivalents totaled $717 million at quarter end, with net leverage at 2.8 times [23] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Advertising and marketing services (AMS) revenue was $286 million, a 3% decrease year over year, impacted by macroeconomic headwinds and the Super Bowl airing on Fox [17] - Distribution revenue was flat year over year at $380 million, affected by a temporary service disruption and subscriber declines [19] - Digital advertising revenue showed year-over-year growth, continuing momentum from the previous quarter [18] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Advertising demand remains closely tied to overall economic sentiment, with consumer confidence softening, leading to a cautious approach from some advertisers [17] - Approximately 45% of traditional subscribers are up for renewal in 2025, presenting opportunities for value capture [20] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company is focused on five key areas: building a strong team culture, leveraging strengths across stations, deploying technology and AI, growing digital revenue, and cutting unnecessary spending [6][7] - Recent sports rights deals have been secured across various leagues, enhancing local broadcasting capabilities [13] - The company is adapting to an evolving regulatory landscape, with potential for deregulation and M&A opportunities [14] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed confidence in the company's strong market position and the ability to navigate economic pressures [25] - The outlook for Q2 2025 anticipates total company revenue to decline in the 4% to 7% range year over year, primarily due to lower political advertising revenue [24] - Management emphasized the importance of executing with discipline and unlocking operational efficiencies [25] Other Important Information - The company is committed to returning 40% to 60% of adjusted free cash flow to shareholders over the 2024-2025 period [22] - The effective tax rate guidance for 2025 has been lowered to a range of 22% to 23% due to expected tax refunds [24] Q&A Session Summary Question: Regarding FCC and deregulation opportunities - Management noted that the FCC is supportive of local broadcasters and that deregulation could unlock M&A opportunities, but specifics depend on the full landscape and pricing [30][31] Question: Advertising environment changes - Management indicated that Q2 is expected to be softer than Q1, with no cancellations but a cautious advertising environment due to lower consumer confidence [32][33] Question: M&A appetite and potential - Management expressed excitement about M&A opportunities, emphasizing the importance of capital allocation and the potential for significant savings through consolidation [40][62] Question: Premion performance - Management reported that Premion revenues remain flattish quarter to quarter, with local advertising continuing to grow while national revenues decline [42] Question: Spectrum usage and revenue potential - Management acknowledged the potential for new revenue streams from spectrum leasing and the importance of evolving technology for over-the-air television [48][49]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Consolidated net revenue for Q1 2025 decreased by 1% to $685 million compared to $693 million in the same period last year [14] - Same branch sales were down 4% for the first quarter, with a 1.5% increase in price mix offset by a 5.6% decrease in job volumes [14][15] - Adjusted gross margin decreased to 32.7% from 33.9% in the prior year period, impacted by higher vehicle insurance and depreciation expenses [15] - Adjusted EBITDA for Q1 2025 decreased to $102 million, reflecting an adjusted EBITDA margin of 15% [16] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - New single-family installation sales decreased relative to the same period last year, partially due to one less selling day and adverse weather conditions [8] - Multifamily sales in the installation segment decreased by 5% on a same branch basis, following a strong 13% increase in the previous year [9] - Heavy commercial sales grew significantly, driven by strong demand in the data center construction industry, while light commercial markets saw a decline [9][67] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Single-family starts year-to-date through March 2025 decreased by 6%, indicating a challenging market environment [11] - The multifamily starts year-to-date are reported to be up 9%, suggesting potential recovery in that segment [27] - The company noted that the regional and local builder business performed slightly better than the production builder business in the quarter [34] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company remains focused on maintaining a high level of installation service and is committed to investing in growth through acquisitions [5][8] - The business model emphasizes geographic and product growth with a disciplined approach to capital allocation [7] - The company aims to optimize G&A costs, targeting at least $15 million in reductions, which are expected to start impacting results in Q3 [90] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about long-term demand for installed services despite current market headwinds [6][66] - The company anticipates continued headwinds in both single-family and multifamily markets throughout 2025 [66] - Management highlighted the importance of strong customer relationships and experienced leadership in navigating market uncertainties [11][12] Other Important Information - The company repurchased 200,000 shares of common stock at a total cost of $34 million during Q1 2025 [18] - A second-quarter dividend of $0.37 per share was approved, representing a 6% increase over the prior year [18] Q&A Session Summary Question: How is the company managing its labor force in the current demand environment? - The company adjusts its install labor based on job volume fluctuations, holding labor during temporary situations like severe weather [22][24] Question: Can you discuss the performance of the multifamily segment? - Despite a 20% decrease in units under construction, multifamily revenue only declined by 5%, aided by the CQ team's management [25][26] Question: What was the impact of weather and lost selling days on revenue? - The lost selling day is estimated to have cost $10 million to $12 million, with weather impacts adding another $10 million to $20 million [29][30] Question: How do you view trends in single-family markets? - The regional/local builder business performed slightly better than production builders, with expectations of flat to low single-digit declines in single-family revenue [34][36] Question: What are the expectations for material prices? - Material costs are expected to remain stable, with no significant declines anticipated despite potential increases in supply [39][40] Question: What are the opportunities for cost reductions in G&A? - The company is targeting $15 million in G&A cost reductions, with actions already taken to realize these savings [90][104]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - QIAGEN reported net sales of $483 million, a 7% increase at constant exchange rates (CER) compared to Q1 2024 [8] - Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $0.50 at CER, exceeding the outlook of at least $0.50 [9][11] - Adjusted operating income margin rose to 29.8% of sales, up more than four percentage points from the first quarter of 2024 [15] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Diagnostic Solutions sales increased by 11% at CER, driven by QIAstat Dx sales rising 37% and QuantiFERON sales up 16% [18] - PCR technologies delivered 14% CER growth, led by the adoption of the ChiAcuity digital PCR system [18] - Sample Technologies sales decreased by 1% at CER, reflecting lower instrument sales amid cautious customer spending [18] - Genomics and next-generation sequencing sales were down 2% at CER, but QIAGEN Digital Insights saw high single-digit CER growth [19] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - The Americas grew by 9% at CER, with strong performance in the U.S., Canada, and Latin America [20] - EMEA region delivered 8% growth at CER, with top-performing countries including Germany and Italy [20] - Asia Pacific experienced a modest decline, primarily due to weak trends in China, which represents about 3% to 4% of total sales [20] Company Strategy and Development Direction - QIAGEN is reaffirming its full-year 2025 outlook, expecting around 4% sales growth at CER and about 5% growth in its core portfolio [11][32] - The company plans to introduce an annual cash dividend and seek shareholder approval for a synthetic share repurchase of up to $500 million [12] - QIAGEN is focused on maintaining strategic flexibility in a volatile environment, adapting to challenges while sizing growth opportunities [11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management highlighted the resilience and strength of the business despite a complex macro environment marked by cautious customer spending [7] - The company remains conservative about revenue growth for the second half of the year due to ongoing volatility in the economic and geopolitical environment [50] - Management expressed confidence in the strategy and execution, indicating that they will update guidance as visibility improves [50] Other Important Information - QIAGEN is preparing for new automation instrument launches, including QIA Symphony Connect, QIA Mini, and QIA Sprint Connect [24] - The company is also focused on expanding its leadership in automated sample preparation and bioinformatics solutions [30] - A leadership transition is planned in the Supervisory Board, with two members stepping down after the upcoming Annual General Meeting [13] Q&A Session Summary Question: What drove the acceleration in QuantiFERON in the quarter? - Management indicated that there was no specific event driving the acceleration, but rather a confirmation of their strategy based on constant innovations and proven reliability [43] Question: Can you elaborate on guidance and the assumption of deceleration in top-line growth? - Management described the guidance as realistic ambitions, citing ongoing volatility in the economic environment as a reason for caution [50] Question: What is the impact of tariffs and how are you mitigating it? - Management stated that they have ramped up inventory levels and reviewed their supply chain to mitigate tariff impacts, with no material exposure from China [54] Question: What are the growth expectations for U.S. academic and government markets? - Management expressed cautious optimism, noting that 90% of revenues come from consumables, which are less exposed to cuts in academia and research [62] Question: What is the outlook for QIAstat after a strong quarter? - Management confirmed guidance for QIAstat, expecting double-digit growth by the end of the year, driven by strong demand across multiple testing areas [99]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - First quarter adjusted EBITDA reached $18.1 million, reflecting a 49% increase compared to the previous year [5][15] - Consolidated first quarter sales increased by 22% to $72 million compared to the prior year [15] - GAAP EPS for Q1 was $0.36, compared to a loss of $0.57 in the same period last year [19] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fire Safety revenue was $37.2 million, up 48% from last year, with adjusted EBITDA of $10.1 million compared to a small loss in the same period last year [15][16] - Specialty Products segment saw a net sales increase of $7.5 million due to the IMS acquisition, offset by a $6.5 million decrease in the base business due to unplanned plant downtime [16][17] - Specialty Products Q1 adjusted EBITDA decreased to $8 million from $12.4 million in the prior year quarter [17] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Elevated wildfire activity in North America contributed positively to the quarter, particularly in California [12][13] - International markets returned to more typical fire activity levels, with increased use of retardant across several regions [13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to provide high-quality products and exceptional service while delivering private equity-like returns [6][8] - The strategy is built on three operational pillars: owning exceptional businesses, applying operational value drivers, and operating in a decentralized manner [7][9] - The recent acquisition of IMS is expected to enhance the company's operational capabilities and expand its portfolio of proprietary components [10][11] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted that the retardant business has close to no economic sensitivity, while the suppressant business is largely tied to emergency response [40][41] - There is confidence in the continued demand for chlorine-free foams, with no signs of slowdown in customer conversions [45] - The company remains disciplined in its approach for the full year, focusing on implementing operational value drivers [23] Other Important Information - The company generated free cash flow of $18.9 million in Q1 2025 [20] - Capital expenditures were consistent with expectations at $4.8 million, primarily supporting growth and productivity initiatives [21] - The company repurchased 900,000 shares for approximately $8 million in Q1 [22] Q&A Session Summary Question: Impact of tariffs on EBITDA exposure - Management indicated that the 2% to 3% EBITDA exposure is primarily cost-based, with efforts to mitigate this impact [26][27] Question: Customer exposure to supply chain issues - Management noted limited visibility down the supply chain but does not expect significant demand changes [28] Question: Expectations for suppressants sales in Q2 and Q3 - Management expects improvement in sales as the year progresses, following a tough comp in Q1 [29] Question: Competitive dynamics in the fire retardants market - Management stated that the competitive environment has changed, with less likelihood of alternative chemistries being qualified soon [32][34] Question: Economic sensitivity of business lines - Management clarified that the retardant business has close to zero economic sensitivity, while the phosphorus pentasulfide business is modestly impacted by economic fluctuations [40][42] Question: Customer enthusiasm for chlorine-free products - Management has not observed any slowdown in customer enthusiasm for switching to chlorine-free foams [45][46]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - First quarter adjusted EBITDA reached $18.1 million, reflecting a 49% increase compared to the previous year [4][16] - Consolidated first quarter sales increased by 22% to $72 million compared to the prior year [16] - GAAP EPS for Q1 was $0.36, compared to a loss of $0.57 in the same period last year [17] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Fire Safety revenue was $37.2 million, up 48% from last year, with adjusted EBITDA of $10.1 million compared to a small loss in the same period last year [14] - Specialty Products segment net sales increased by $7.5 million due to the IMS acquisition, but adjusted EBITDA decreased to $8 million from $12.4 million due to unplanned plant downtime [15][16] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Elevated wildfire activity in North America contributed positively to the quarter, particularly in California [12] - International markets saw a return to typical fire activity levels in Australia, with increased use of retardant [13] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The company aims to provide high-quality products and exceptional service while delivering private equity-like returns [5] - The operational strategy is built on three pillars: owning exceptional businesses, applying operational value drivers, and operating in a decentralized manner [6][7] - The recent acquisition of IMS is expected to enhance the company's operational capabilities and product offerings [10] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management noted that while Q1 showed strong performance, they remain disciplined in their approach for the full year [20] - The company anticipates that the earnings power of the Specialty Products business will rebound to normalized levels in 2026 [16] Other Important Information - The company repurchased 900,000 shares for approximately $8 million in Q1, indicating a belief that shares were trading below intrinsic value [19] - The company has a favorable debt structure with a net debt to LTM adjusted EBITDA ratio of 1.7 times and substantial liquidity of around $200 million [20] Q&A Session Summary Question: Clarification on tariff exposure and mitigation - Management indicated that the 2% to 3% EBITDA exposure is primarily cost-based and they believe they can mitigate a reasonable proportion of that [23][25] Question: Customer exposure to supply chain issues - Management noted they have less visibility down the supply chain but do not expect significant changes in end market demand [26] Question: Expectations for Q2 and Q3 sales - Management expects improvement in sales as the year progresses, despite tough comps from the previous year [27] Question: Competitive dynamics in the fire retardant market - Management stated that the exit of a competitor has made it less likely for alternative materials to be qualified soon, reinforcing their market position [28][29] Question: Economic sensitivity of business lines - Management clarified that the retardant business has close to no economic sensitivity, while the suppressants business has minimal exposure to economic fluctuations [36][39] Question: Customer enthusiasm for chlorine-free products - Management has not seen any slowdown in customer conversions to chlorine-free products despite potential economic uncertainties [40][42] Question: Long-term assumptions for 2025 - Management indicated that there are no changes to their long-term assumptions for 2025 at this time [43][45]

Core Viewpoint - ConocoPhillips has reduced its spending forecast by 3.5% to $12.45 billion due to falling oil prices, which have dropped below $60 per barrel, while maintaining its production outlook [1] Group 1: Company Actions - ConocoPhillips announced a 3.5% reduction in its spending forecast, bringing it down to $12.45 billion based on the midpoint of its guidance range [1] - The company has kept its production expectations unchanged despite the spending cuts [1] Group 2: Market Context - WTI crude oil prices have decreased by approximately 18% this year and are currently below $60 per barrel [1] - A survey conducted by the Dallas Federal Reserve indicated that U.S. oil executives believe an average oil price of $65 is necessary for profitability [1] Group 3: Management Commentary - CEO Ryan Lance expressed confidence in the company's differentiated portfolio, strong balance sheet, and disciplined capital allocation framework, which prioritize shareholder returns [1]