上 市 公 司 2025 年 06 月 27 日 中信银行 (601998) ——ROE 更早企稳，被低估的底部股份行 | 基础数据: | 2025 年 03 月 31 日 | | --- | --- | | 每股净资产（元） | 12.64 | | 资产负债率% | 91.61 | | 总股本/流通 A 股(百万) | 55,645/40,763 | | 流通 B 股/H 股（百万） | -/14,882 | 一年内股价与大盘对比走势： -20% 0% 20% 40% 06-27 07-27 08-27 09-27 10-27 11-27 12-27 01-27 02-27 03-27 04-27 05-27 06-27 中信银行 沪深300指数 (收益率) 证券分析师 郑庆明 A0230519090001 zhengqm@swsresearch.com 林颖颖 A0230522070004 linyy@swsresearch.com 冯思远 A0230522090005 fengsy@swsresearch.com 研究支持 报告原因：强调原有的投资评级 买入（维持） | 市场数据： | 2025 年 0 ...

中金公司认为，此次《规定》修订凸显功能发挥促进导向，在服务实体经济与国家战略领域表现突出的优质头 部券商或优先受益。 近日，证监会修订形成《证券公司分类评价规定（修订草案征求意见稿）》（下称《规定》），并向社会 公开征求意见。此次修订旨在优化分类评价制度，突出功能导向，推动中小证券公司差异化发展与特色化 经营，以符合新"国九条"和金融"五篇大文章"要求。 聚焦功能性发挥引导 《规定》将"引导证券公司更好发挥功能作用、提升专业能力"列为立法目的首条、明确监管导向，同时将"功 能发挥状况（含服务实体经济及国家战略情况）"纳入原有评价框架（第二条、第八条），并授权中国证券业 协会开展"功能发挥情况"专项评价，评价结果直接应用于证券公司分类评价。 开源证券非银分析师高超认为，《规定》的更新是符合证监会监管导向的，即突出行业功能性，支持头部券商 做优做强，打造一流投行，引导中小机构实现特色化、差异化发展。头部券商ROE优于中小券商，且稳定性更 强，本次ROE以及业务指标的调整引导头部券商进一步重视内生发展效率、重视提升ROE，通过业务综合化服 务能力维护好自身护城河。对于中小券商，新规加分项调整鼓励其在资管、投顾、区域 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that even with the same price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) to return on equity (ROE) ratio at the time of purchase, companies with higher ROE will outperform in the long run in the U.S. stock market [1][19]. Group 1: ROE and Market Performance - High ROE is indicative of a strong economic moat and a guarantee of higher returns over the long term [2]. - Apple's ROE was around 33% before 2018, but after that, its debt ratio increased, distorting ROE [2]. - Walmart's ROE is approximately 22%, while Coca-Cola's ROE ranges between 30% and 40% [2]. Group 2: Market Capitalization Growth - On June 19, 2020, Apple and Walmart had similar price-to-earnings ratios of 1.02 and 1.03, respectively [5]. - Over five years, Apple's market value grew by 130%, while Walmart's increased by 97% [7]. - On February 11, 2011, both Apple and Walmart had the same price-to-earnings ratio of 0.56 [8]. - Over fourteen years, Apple's market value increased by 8 times, compared to Walmart's 3 times [9]. Group 3: Comparison with Coca-Cola - On April 29, 2021, Apple and Coca-Cola had close price-to-earnings ratios of 0.84 and 0.86, respectively [11]. - In the following five years, Apple's market value grew by 34%, while Coca-Cola's increased by 30% [12]. - On November 25, 2011, Apple's price-to-earnings ratio was 0.32, compared to Coca-Cola's 0.28 [13]. - Over fourteen years, Apple's market value grew by 8 times, while Coca-Cola's only increased by 1.1 times [17]. Group 4: Walmart's Position - Walmart's ROE is lower than Coca-Cola's, and its market value has been below Coca-Cola's for most of the time [15]. - In 2023, Walmart's market value began to significantly surpass Coca-Cola's, but its price-to-earnings ratio remains higher than Coca-Cola's, which is not sustainable in the long term [15].

Okay, now let's talk about back testing and back testing. If I start over back testing, not sure what specific questions you have, but let me show you how to do back testing. And if I just uh go come to a screener, one of my pre-existing screeners like the high quality one, if I just select that one, the filter is set already here.uh it has financial strength requirement, profitability rank requirement, predictability and roe. If I do want to do back testing, I just click on back testing here and I select a ...

证券研究报告·行业深度报告·环保 环保行业深度报告 ◼ 投资建议：固废板块具备持续提分红潜力，供热&IDC 等提质增效促 ROE 和估值双升。1）现金流：资本开支下降自由现金流增厚，叠加居 民付费理顺商业模式，年报大幅提分红！ 24 年报分红提升兑现： 【绿 色动力】每股派息+100%，分红比例提至 71%；【瀚蓝环境】每股派息 +67%；【军信股份】派息总额+37%，分红比例提至 95%；【永兴股份】 【中科环保】【光大环境】【海螺创业】等积极提分红。2）提质增效：以 供热、IDC 为代表的 B 端拓展持续推进，对标海外市场化估值&ROE 存 翻倍以上空间。 ◼ 风险提示：新建项目收益率下降；国补退坡/到期风险；应收账款风险 2025 年 06 月 10 日 垃圾焚烧板块的提分红逻辑验证：从自由现 金流增厚看资产质量的改善 增持（维持） [Table_Tag] [Table_Summary] 投资要点 ◼ 报告创新点——为什么我们要从现金流角度分析垃圾焚烧资产？资产 质量的改善，既体现在表观上自由现金流的增加，也会更进一步地体现 在 ROE 的提升。从企业绝对估值角度来看，现金流是资产定价的核心 环节，现金 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recovery of A-share earnings growth in Q1 2025 alleviates previous investor concerns about a prolonged decline in the earnings cycle, suggesting a potential rebound in the earnings cycle driven by stabilizing high-dimensional variables such as capacity and real estate cycles [1] Group 1: Index Performance - As of June 3, 2025, the CSI 500 Quality Growth Index (930939) increased by 0.55%, with notable gains from constituent stocks such as Debang Co., Ltd. (603056) up 10.00%, Huahai Pharmaceutical (600521) up 6.94%, and BeiDa Pharmaceutical (300558) up 6.76% [1] - The CSI 500 Quality Growth ETF (560500) rose by 0.32%, with the latest price at 0.94 yuan [1] Group 2: Top Holdings - As of May 30, 2025, the top ten weighted stocks in the CSI 500 Quality Growth Index accounted for 23.79% of the index, including Chifeng Gold (600988) and Ninebot Company (689009) [2] - The top ten stocks by weight include Chifeng Gold (3.13%), Ninebot Company (2.71%), and Shenghong Technology (2.53%) among others [3]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Q1 2025, Banco Macro's net income totaled ARS 45.7 billion, a decrease of 59% or ARS 65.3 billion compared to Q4 2024 [4] - The annualized return on average equity was 3.81% and the return on average assets was 1.2% [5] - Net operating income before general and administrative expenses was ARS 801 billion, down 9% or ARS 82.6 billion from Q4 2024 [5] - Provision for loan losses increased by 60% or ARS 25.3 billion compared to Q4 2024, totaling ARS 66 billion [6] - Net interest income was ARS 579.2 billion, ARS 1 billion higher than Q4 2024, and up 122% or ARS 318 billion year-on-year [6][10] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - Interest income totaled ARS 866.7 billion, down 3% or ARS 22.6 billion from Q4 2024 [7] - Income from interest on loans increased by 9% or ARS 49.6 billion compared to the previous quarter, but decreased by 18% or ARS 132.2 billion year-on-year [7][8] - Fee income was ARS 169.8 billion, a decrease of 1% or ARS 943 million from Q4 2024, but increased by 29% year-on-year [11] - Net income from financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss was ARS 66.4 billion, down 55% from Q4 2024 [12] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - Banco Macro's market share over private sector loans reached 9.5% as of March 2025 [16] - Total deposits increased by 5% or ARS 485.4 billion quarter-on-quarter, totaling ARS 9.6 trillion, and increased by 23% year-on-year [16] - Nonperforming loans ratio was 1.44%, with a coverage ratio of 163.34% [17] Company Strategy and Development Direction - The bank aims to utilize its excess capital of ARS 3.2 trillion, with a capital adequacy ratio of 34.3% and a Tier one ratio of 33.6% [18] - The focus is on organic growth, with potential for future M&A opportunities as the number of banks in Argentina may shrink [26][27] Management's Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expects real loan growth of 60% for 2025 and deposits to grow at 45% [24] - Inflation is forecasted at around 30% for 2025, with a declining trend in domestic interest rates anticipated [35] - Operating expenses are expected to grow close to inflation, around 30% [36] Other Important Information - The effective income tax rate was 43% higher than in Q4 2024 [14] - The bank's liquidity remains strong, with a liquid assets to deposits ratio of 68% [18] Q&A Session Summary Question: Update on guidance for loan growth, deposits, and ROE - Management maintains a 60% loan growth forecast for 2025, with deposits expected to grow at 45% and ROE revised to 8% to 10% [24][25] Question: Expectations on macroeconomic factors - GDP growth is forecasted at 5% for 2025, with inflation at 30% and a declining trend in interest rates [35] Question: Loan to deposit ratio and capital ratio - The loan to deposit ratio is expected to increase, with loans representing 48% of total assets in Q1 2025 [37] Question: Bond portfolio positioning - The bank prefers high exposure to inflation-linked securities to hedge equity, aiming to maintain a stable level of available-for-sale bonds [46][48]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - For stock indices, the revenue growth rate of A-shares excluding finance in Q1 2025 was -0.33% year-on-year, rising for two consecutive quarters, indicating that the asset-side earnings of listed companies are bottoming out. The central bank cut interest rates to narrow the negative carry of enterprises and bring the index back to a slow bull trend. The net profit growth rate was 3.4% year-on-year, showing a positive change from previous quarters. However, it remains to be seen whether enterprises can maintain this level under the background of the tariff war, and the accounts receivable ratio is still rising. The ROE is at the bottoming stage of the downward cycle since Q2 2021, significantly affected by the low PPI. The net profit margin and gross profit margin have slightly increased, while the asset turnover has declined, and the equity multiplier has remained basically flat. Overall, the Q1 earnings data of the A-share market are mixed, indicating that the profitability of listed companies is still bottoming out but showing signs of recovery. The valuation of A-shares is at a historical median, and future quasi-stabilization funds are expected to maintain the overall stability of A-share valuations. The growth indicators of small-cap indices have turned positive [1]. - For treasury bonds, the tariff negotiation's negative impact on the bond market has basically ended, and the dominant factors have returned to the capital and fundamental aspects. The economic and financial data in April show that the effect of the stable growth policy is continuously emerging, but the problem of weak real financing demand still exists. In the short term, the economic fundamentals will continue to recover moderately, and the capital side will lack the impetus for significant fluctuations after the double cuts. It is expected that the short-term bond market will continue to fluctuate within a range [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Daily Price Changes - **Stock Index Futures**: On May 26, 2025, IH was at 2,684.4, down 8.6 or -0.32% from May 23; IF was at 3,831.2, down 15.0 or -0.39%; IC was at 5,594.6, up 32.8 or 0.59%; IM was at 5,925.0, up 53.0 or 0.90% [3]. - **Stock Indices**: The Shanghai Composite 50 was at 2,699.4, down 12.4 or -0.46% from May 23; the CSI 300 was at 3,860.1, down 22.2 or -0.57%; the CSI 500 was at 5,669.5, up 16.4 or 0.29%; the CSI 1000 was at 6,028.8, up 39.1 or 0.65% [3]. - **Treasury Bond Futures**: On May 26, 2025, TS was at 102.43, up 0.022 or 0.02% from May 23; TF was at 106.06, up 0.01 or 0.01%; T was at 108.86, up 0.005 or 0.00%; TL was at 119.76, up 0.16 or 0.13% [3]. 3.2 Market News - The People's Bank of China conducted 382 billion yuan of 7-day reverse repurchase operations today, with the operating rate remaining flat at 1.40%. There were 135 billion yuan of reverse repurchases maturing today, resulting in a net investment of 247 billion yuan [4]. 3.3 Chart Analysis - **Stock Index Futures**: The report provides charts of the trends and basis of IH, IF, IC, and IM main contracts, as well as the trends of the Shanghai Composite 50, CSI 300, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 stock indices [6][7][10]. - **Treasury Bond Futures**: The report includes charts of the trends of treasury bond futures main contracts, treasury bond spot yields, basis, inter - period spreads, cross - variety spreads, and capital interest rates [13][16][18]. - **Exchange Rates**: The report presents charts of the central parity rates of the US dollar, euro, and other currencies against the RMB, as well as forward exchange rates and currency indices [21][22][25].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of three key financial metrics—ROE, cash flow, and growth potential—as the foundational pillars for assessing a company's value and its ability to navigate market cycles [1][8]. ROE Analysis - The overall ROE for the A-share market decreased from 5.6% in 2023 to 4.3% in 2024, indicating a general decline in profitability across the market [5][7]. - The household appliance sector leads with an ROE of 8.2%, supported by a 0.75 asset turnover ratio and a 6.1% net profit margin, exemplifying a high-frequency turnover and reasonable profit model [6][7]. - The coal industry saw its ROE plummet from 12.0% to 7.3%, primarily due to a significant drop in net profit margin from 10.1% to 6.7% as resource advantages diminished [7][8]. - The real estate sector is the only one with a negative ROE of -0.4%, driven by a -3.2% net profit margin and a high leverage ratio of 3.3, indicating unsustainable high-leverage models under declining demand [7][8]. Growth Potential - The electronics industry leads in revenue growth with a 17.4% increase, driven by surging demand for AI computing power and semiconductor manufacturing [9][11]. - Nine industries, including electronics and automotive, reported net profit growth, with the electronics sector achieving a remarkable 35.8% increase in net profit [11][12]. - The computer industry has the highest R&D investment ratio at 12.9%, indicating a focus on building technological barriers for long-term value creation [12][13]. Cash Flow Insights - The coal industry has the highest operating cash flow, amounting to 2,111.3 million, with a strong profitability ratio of 1.6, indicating robust cash flow coverage [16][19]. - Only 44% of A-share companies have a healthy cash flow ratio, with 56% showing concerning profitability quality, highlighting potential funding shortages for many firms [19][20]. - The top five industries by operating cash flow (oil and petrochemicals, communication, public utilities, transportation, and automotive) demonstrate a trend of stable cash flow generation, supporting capital expenditures without excessive reliance on external financing [20][21].

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Increase" rating for the insurance industry [7] Core Insights - The insurance industry has entered a new wave of shareholding activity since 2024, marking the third wave since 2015, driven primarily by the demand for high-dividend stocks to enhance cash income [12][16] - The report categorizes shareholding activities into two types: "Concentrated Shareholding" which emphasizes dividend income, and "Long-term Equity Investment" which focuses on high ROE [12][19] Summary by Sections Shareholding Activity Overview - Since 2015, there have been three major waves of shareholding activities, with the current wave starting in 2024. The driving factors include the need for stable cash income in a declining interest rate environment [16][25] - The average dividend yield of shares involved in the current wave is approximately 5.0%, the highest in history, indicating a significant focus on dividend income [15][31] Concentrated Shareholding - "Concentrated Shareholding" refers to situations where insurance companies increase their holdings without reaching the threshold for long-term equity investment. This type has been predominant, accounting for about two-thirds of shareholding activities since 2015 [19][32] - The average dividend yield for "Concentrated Shareholding" has increased over the years, from 1.0% in 2015 to 5.0% in 2024, reflecting a growing emphasis on dividend income [15][31] Long-term Equity Investment - "Long-term Equity Investment" occurs when insurance companies hold a significant stake that allows them to exert influence over the company. Approximately one-third of shareholding activities fall into this category [19][49] - The average ROE of companies involved in "Long-term Equity Investment" is around 9.3%, which is higher than the average ROE of the entire A-share market [19][50] Historical Performance of Shareholding Stocks - Historical data shows that about 70% of stocks involved in shareholding activities experienced price increases in the year prior, but over 60% saw declines during the holding period, indicating a "see-saw" effect in performance [5][13] - Long-term, dividends are viewed as a more stable source of income for insurance companies compared to capital gains from stock price appreciation [5][13] Industry Focus - The sectors most frequently targeted for shareholding include banking, transportation, and public utilities, which are characterized by stable profitability and high dividend yields [22][43] - The report highlights a notable preference for Hong Kong stocks due to their lower valuations and higher dividend yields, making them attractive for long-term holding [31][43]