先从全球格局看起。2019年，全球稀土冶炼分离产能的92%在中国手中。这一数字像一块巨大的砝码压在天平上，让拥有矿产的国家也不得不承认：环节越 往后，话语权越大。再把镜头切到2025年4月，MP Materials宣布中止对华稀土出口，表面上淡化政治意味，却留下一句直截了当的解释："原矿不值钱，加 工才是关键。"这既是抱怨，也是无奈。 在北美的大草原上，风吹过豪莱克溪的旷野，机器轰鸣正从地表之下取回一种并不起眼的石头；在中国的一间洁净室里，工程师们盯着纳米刻线在晶圆上的 亮起与消失。两个场景毫无交集，却被一条看不见的线缠在一起：谁掌控关键材料与关键工艺，谁就握住了未来产业的方向盘。 两条并行的时间线 时间再往前翻，2018年中国稀土出口总量达到5.3万吨，其中80%流向美国。美国最缺的偏偏是工艺门槛最高的重稀土。2020年，美国宣称获得一家加拿大 公司的稀土提炼技术授权，尝试走捷径，却发现"纸上得来终觉浅"：规模化难以落地，成本高得连企业自己都不愿接盘。几条线索交织，勾勒出一个清楚的 轮廓——矿不等于链，链决定价值。 资源与工艺的错位 2025年8月15日，怀俄明州豪莱克溪传来喜讯，美洲稀土公司首次从840公 ...

Core Viewpoint - DeepSeek, a Chinese AI startup, has launched its new V3.1 model, optimized for domestic chips and priced lower than OpenAI's GPT-5, showcasing China's ambition to advance AI technology independently from foreign reliance [2][3][4]. Group 1: DeepSeek's Innovations - DeepSeek's V3.1 model is designed to compete with top-tier models like GPT-5, with a significantly lower development cost and fewer Nvidia chips used [2][5]. - The new model features a "mixed expert" architecture, allowing it to activate only a small part of the model for queries, thus reducing computational costs for developers [6]. - V3.1 has a massive scale with 685 billion parameters, placing it on par with leading models, while also integrating rapid response and reasoning capabilities in a single system [6][7]. Group 2: Competitive Landscape - The release of V3.1 comes shortly after OpenAI's GPT-5, which did not meet high industry expectations, indicating a strategic move by DeepSeek to capitalize on this gap [3][4]. - OpenAI's CEO, Sam Altman, acknowledged the increasing competition from Chinese open-source models like DeepSeek, which has influenced OpenAI's decisions regarding their own open-source model releases [4][5]. - Other Chinese AI models, such as Alibaba's Qwen and Baidu's Ernie, are also emerging, highlighting a broader trend of innovation in China's AI sector [3]. Group 3: Market Implications - DeepSeek's advancements reflect a significant shift in the AI landscape, where Chinese companies are striving to develop superior models at a fraction of the cost, raising concerns for American competitors [8]. - The U.S. government's recent approval for Nvidia and AMD to export AI chips to China, albeit with conditions, indicates a complex interplay of technology and geopolitics [4][5].