撰文/摄影：光明日报记者 徐谭 冬日的黄河口湿地，大河息壤，芦海飘荡。海风和潮水在广袤的滩涂上交替"作画"，勾勒出一株株潮沟交错 的"生命之树"，绘就"鸟浪"翻飞的生命奇观。 山东东营黄河口、河北沧州南大港、辽宁大连蛇岛-老铁山、辽宁丹东鸭绿江口、上海崇明东滩、江苏盐城黄 海湿地……每年春秋迁徙季，天空与海洋的"交响诗"都会在中国黄（渤）海候鸟栖息地鸣响。 当我们沿着漫长的海岸线，徐徐展开这片世界自然遗产地的生态画卷，其在全球生态体系中的重要地位不言 自明：几片栖息地串联起候鸟从北极繁殖地前往南半球越冬地的关键区段，为东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞通道 上约10%、超过500万只水鸟提供了生命家园，其中包含至少45种全球濒危鸟类。 湿地孕育了人类文明，正是有了湿地的养育和呵护，人类才能从无到有、发展壮大、生生不息。2月2日是第 30个世界湿地日，今年主题为"湿地与传统知识：致敬文化遗产"。黄（渤）海候鸟栖息地，不仅用淤泥和海 浪托起生命，也通过物候变化，指引当地人的生产生活。从煮海为盐到耕海牧渔，一代代人将传统生态知识 编进渔网、唱入歌谣、熔铸血脉。就此而言，黄（渤）海候鸟栖息地也是一座鲜活的文明档案馆。 正如北京 ...

Core Viewpoint - The discovery of the national first-class protected wild animal, the white-tailed eagle, in Nanchong City indicates an improvement in the local ecological environment and highlights the area's role as a habitat for migratory birds [2] Group 1: Species Discovery - The white-tailed eagle, a rare raptor, has been recorded for the first time in the Longmen Street area along the Jialing River in Nanchong City [2] - This species typically inhabits northern and plateau regions and migrates to lower altitudes during winter when food becomes scarce [2] Group 2: Ecological Significance - The presence of the white-tailed eagle suggests a healthy ecosystem and a complete food chain in the area [2] - The local ecological environment has been improving, making the Jialing River section in Nanchong a stopover for an increasing number of migratory birds [2] Group 3: Bird Species Diversity - Nanchong City has recorded a total of 337 species of wild birds, belonging to 18 orders and 67 families [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the unique collective foraging behavior of the spoon-billed sandpiper at Hengshui Lake, showcasing the ecological significance of the area for migratory birds and the successful conservation efforts that have improved the habitat [1][3]. Group 1: Ecological Significance - Hengshui Lake is a national nature reserve that maintains a complete wetland ecosystem, including marshes, water bodies, mudflats, meadows, and forests, playing a crucial role as a stopover and energy replenishment station for migratory birds along the East Asia-Australasia flyway [3]. - The area has recorded 337 bird species, with over 60 species wintering annually, peaking at more than 100,000 individuals [3]. Group 2: Conservation Efforts - Recent conservation measures, including ecological water replenishment, shoreline restoration, and the release of aquatic species, have led to continuous improvements in water quality and significant increases in aquatic biodiversity [3]. - The unique ecological environment of open shallow water areas provides optimal foraging conditions for the spoon-billed sandpiper, facilitating their distinctive collective foraging strategy [3].

Core Insights - The Lashi Lake in Yunnan has become a prime wintering site for migratory birds, with the number of birds increasing to 100,000, marking the peak of the annual migration season [2] Group 1: Ecological Importance - Lashi Lake serves as a crucial stopover and wintering ground for migratory birds along the western migration route in China, featuring abundant water and grassland that provide natural food sources for the birds [2] - The area has seen a significant increase in bird species, from 57 species in 1998 to 341 species currently, representing 22% and 33% of the national and provincial bird species, respectively [5] Group 2: Conservation Efforts - Since 2018, local government has implemented strict ecological protection measures, including banning tourism activities in core areas, restoring wetlands, and conducting ecological restoration projects, leading to improved water quality and habitat for birds [7] - The area has transitioned from "human retreating, birds advancing" to a state of "coexistence between humans and birds" due to these conservation efforts [7] Group 3: Tourism Impact - The birdwatching tourism around Lashi Lake is expected to thrive, with projected tourist numbers exceeding 2 million and total tourism revenue reaching 467 million yuan in 2024 [9]

Core Viewpoint - Sichuan serves as a crucial stopover for migratory birds due to its strategic location at the intersection of two major migratory routes, with ongoing ecological restoration efforts enhancing bird populations and diversity [7][8]. Group 1: Migratory Bird Patterns - Sichuan is located at the convergence of two global migratory routes: East Asia-Australasia and Central Asia-India, attracting numerous migratory birds during the autumn and winter seasons [7]. - A total of 798 species of wild birds have been recorded migrating through Sichuan, with expectations for increased numbers due to improved ecological conditions [8]. Group 2: Ecological Restoration Efforts - The province has shifted its bird conservation strategy from isolated protection to a systematic restoration of the entire ecosystem, including mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands [8]. - The example of Qionghai illustrates successful wetland restoration, where the area saw a significant increase in bird species from 20 to 310 following ecological improvements [8]. Group 3: Technological Innovations in Bird Conservation - Sichuan has implemented advanced monitoring technologies, including drone surveillance ("Sky Eye") and over 3,000 infrared-triggered cameras ("Earth Ear"), to enhance real-time tracking and analysis of bird habitats [8]. - These technologies facilitate a proactive approach to conservation, allowing for better understanding of bird locations and habitat conditions [8].

Core Insights - Xinjiang serves as a crucial intersection for migratory bird routes, with three out of four major migratory pathways in China linked to the region, facilitating the movement of over one million birds from approximately 300 species [1] Group 1: Migratory Routes and Bird Species - The West Asia-East Africa migratory route covers a significant portion of Xinjiang, with birds gathering along major water systems such as the Ili River and the Ertix River, waiting for favorable conditions to migrate south [1] - Various ecosystems in Xinjiang, including forests, lakes, grasslands, and mountains, provide essential shelter and energy for migratory birds during their long wait [1] Group 2: Conservation Efforts - Collaborative efforts between military and local authorities have led to the establishment of 28 nature reserves at the autonomous region level, covering over 199,800 square kilometers, along with four provincial-level reserves totaling approximately 1,003 square kilometers [2] - Measures such as wetland restoration, habitat recovery, and ecological water replenishment have been implemented to expand wetland areas and support bird populations [2] Group 3: Ecological Health Indicators - Migratory patterns and habitat choices of birds serve as indicators of ecological health, reflecting the success of large-scale conservation and restoration efforts in Xinjiang [3] - Over the past decade, more than 30 new bird species have been recorded in Xinjiang, contributing to a total of over 490 bird species in the region, which represents about one-third of the total bird species in China [3]

Core Viewpoint - Residents in Shunde, Foshan have been facing issues due to a large gathering of swallows, causing disturbances in daily life with their droppings, referred to as "bird droppings rain" [1][4][6] Group 1: Bird Gathering Issue - The birds causing the disturbance are identified as house swallows, which are a protected species in China, and their gathering is a normal phenomenon during the migratory season [2] - The local natural resources bureau has confirmed that this occurrence is not unique to Shunde and happens in other towns and cities as well [2] Group 2: Recommendations for Mitigation - The bureau has proposed humane and practical measures to mitigate the impact of bird droppings: 1. Constructing movable, lightweight canopies in areas where swallows roost at night to intercept droppings [5] 2. Adjusting lighting near roosting sites to reduce insect attraction, thereby decreasing the swallows' presence [5] 3. Implementing a cleaning mechanism that includes daily and weekly deep cleaning of affected areas to prevent droppings from drying and creating dust [5] 4. Installing signage to inform residents to avoid certain areas during peak times [5] - This phenomenon also indicates the ongoing improvement of the ecological environment in Shunde, providing favorable conditions for bird habitation [5]

Core Viewpoint - The migratory bird season has peaked in Eryuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with over 40 species and more than 10,000 birds recorded, highlighting the area's significance as a wintering ground for migratory birds [1] Group 1: Bird Migration - Eryuan County has welcomed a peak in migratory birds, including species such as the red-crowned crane, gray crane, mallard, and white-browed crake [1] - The current monitoring indicates that more than 40 species of waterbirds have been observed in the wetlands [1] Group 2: Habitat and Conservation Efforts - The county has 68,800 acres of wetlands, providing a vital habitat for migratory birds during their wintering period [1] - Local forestry and grassland departments have intensified daily patrols to ensure the safety of the migratory birds [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Hexi Corridor serves as a crucial ecological stopover for migratory birds along the Central Asia and East Asia-Australia routes, providing a rich habitat and food resources for these birds during their migration [1] Geographic and Ecological Summary - The Hexi Corridor is located in the northwest of Gansu Province, stretching approximately 1,000 kilometers in length and reaching a maximum width of nearly 200 kilometers, with its narrowest point being just a few kilometers [1] - The region benefits from the melting snow from the Qilian Mountains, which nourishes the formation of numerous oases within the corridor [1] - The area is characterized by a diverse array of rivers, lakes, wetlands, and artificial ponds, creating an ideal environment for migratory birds [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significance of Laotieshan as a crucial migratory site for raptors, emphasizing its ecological importance and the increasing number of birds observed in recent years [1][6]. Group 1: Ecological Importance - Laotieshan is located at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula and is recognized as a national nature reserve, with plans to be included in the World Natural Heritage List in 2024 [1]. - It is one of the nine major migratory routes for birds globally, hosting a diverse range of species and a high number of migratory birds [1]. Group 2: Observations of Raptors - The article details observations of three specific raptor species: the White-tailed Eagle, the Golden Eagle, and the Peregrine Falcon, each with unique characteristics and behaviors [2][3][4]. - The White-tailed Eagle was observed soaring high above the sea, likely searching for food on Snake Island, known for its abundance of snakes [2]. - The Golden Eagle, initially perceived as less visually striking, revealed its beauty when illuminated by the sunset, showcasing the importance of context in appreciating nature [3]. - The Peregrine Falcon is noted for its incredible speed, capable of reaching up to 389 kilometers per hour, making it a challenging subject to observe in flight [4]. Group 3: Changes in Bird Population - During a recent visit, it was reported that the number of raptors migrating to Laotieshan has dramatically increased to 100,000 annually, a significant rise compared to previous years [6]. - The presence of various birdwatchers and monitoring personnel indicates a growing interest in avian conservation and observation [6]. - On a specific day, the count of raptors reached 12,077, highlighting the area's safety and attractiveness for migratory birds [7].