世行首席经济学家因德米特·吉尔强调，标准已成为市场准入的重要影响因素。然而，在国际标准 化组织制定全球标准的技术委员会中，非洲等发展中经济体的参与比例不足三分之一。技术能力薄弱及 国家标准机构资金不足，限制了这些国家对规则制定的影响力。 报告警告，若不加强标准体系建设，非洲出口商可能被挤出高价值市场。为此世行提出"适应—对 齐—主导"的三阶段框架：初期推动国际标准本地化适配，中期与全球规范对接提升竞争力，后期参与 主导国际标准制定。 分析指出，成功经济体都将标准视为战略工具。对非洲而言，随着全球标准不断增多，亟需加强技 术机构建设并更深入参与国际规则制定，以避免在新兴贸易与技术领域被边缘化。 （原标题：非关税壁垒威胁非洲出口） 据"商业与金融时报"12月16日报道，非关税壁垒正对非洲出口构成显著挑战。世界银行指出，从食 品标签到数字网络的一系列全球标准日益收紧，使非洲出口商面临市场准入压力。在最新发布的《2025 年世界发展报告》中，世行警告称，发展中国家在全球贸易规则制定中的影响力正逐渐减弱。 报告显示，目前全球约90%的贸易受到农药限制、认证规则和包装要求等非关税措施的约束，而这 一比例在上世纪90年代末 ...

Core Insights - The International Air Transport Association (IATA) emphasizes three core priorities for aviation safety and operations: defending and enhancing global standards, shaping a robust safety culture through leadership, and utilizing data to address increasing operational challenges to improve performance [1][2] Group 1: Global Standards and Safety - Global standards are crucial for aviation safety, requiring adherence to current standards and the development of future standards to continuously improve industry safety performance [1] - The focus is currently on addressing GNSS interference and protecting aviation radio frequency spectrum, with a notable increase in reported GNSS interference incidents [1] - IATA and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency have initiated a global navigation satellite system resilience program based on four priorities: monitoring and reporting, preventive tools, backup infrastructure, and civil-military coordination [1] Group 2: Data Utilization in Aviation Safety - The Global Aviation Data Management (GADM) program integrates flight data exchange (FDX), accident data exchange (IDX), and maintenance cost data exchange (MCX) to enable data-driven decision-making between airlines and regulators [2] - IATA's turbulence awareness platform shares real-time data from 3,200 aircraft, helping pilots and dispatchers mitigate turbulence risks during flights [2] - The SafetyIS database utilizes flight data from 217 airlines for predictive analytics, while the risk-based IOSA audit model has customized audits for each airline's operations, establishing over 8,000 corrective measures to enhance safety [2] Group 3: Leadership in Aviation Safety Culture - Strong safety leadership is essential for fostering a solid aviation safety culture, empowering employees to raise concerns and trust that issues will be addressed promptly [2] - IATA has developed two key initiatives to strengthen leadership: the Safety Leadership Charter, advocating eight core principles of safety leadership, and IATA Connect, which connects over 5,600 users from more than 600 organizations [2] - The Safety Leadership Charter currently covers approximately 80% of global passenger traffic, reinforcing a culture based on leadership, global standards, and data [2]