世行首席经济学家因德米特·吉尔强调，标准已成为市场准入的重要影响因素。然而，在国际标准 化组织制定全球标准的技术委员会中，非洲等发展中经济体的参与比例不足三分之一。技术能力薄弱及 国家标准机构资金不足，限制了这些国家对规则制定的影响力。 报告警告，若不加强标准体系建设，非洲出口商可能被挤出高价值市场。为此世行提出"适应—对 齐—主导"的三阶段框架：初期推动国际标准本地化适配，中期与全球规范对接提升竞争力，后期参与 主导国际标准制定。 分析指出，成功经济体都将标准视为战略工具。对非洲而言，随着全球标准不断增多，亟需加强技 术机构建设并更深入参与国际规则制定，以避免在新兴贸易与技术领域被边缘化。 （原标题：非关税壁垒威胁非洲出口） 据"商业与金融时报"12月16日报道，非关税壁垒正对非洲出口构成显著挑战。世界银行指出，从食 品标签到数字网络的一系列全球标准日益收紧，使非洲出口商面临市场准入压力。在最新发布的《2025 年世界发展报告》中，世行警告称，发展中国家在全球贸易规则制定中的影响力正逐渐减弱。 报告显示，目前全球约90%的贸易受到农药限制、认证规则和包装要求等非关税措施的约束，而这 一比例在上世纪90年代末 ...

Core Insights - The opening of the first cross-border data corridor "E Data Express" in the capital highlights the growing importance of cross-border data flow governance in the rapidly developing digital economy [1] - Data flow is identified as a fundamental and strategic resource in the digital age, with an average profit growth contribution of 10% across industries, and up to 32% in sectors like digital platforms and finance [1] - The Ministry of Commerce's report indicates that a 10% increase in data flow can lead to a 0.2% GDP growth, with global contributions from data flow expected to reach $11 trillion by 2025 [1] Summary by Sections Cross-Border Data Flow Governance - The establishment of a high-efficiency and secure mechanism for cross-border data flow is emphasized, ensuring the protection of important data and personal information [1] - Current legal frameworks for data protection and cross-border flow in China are noted to be largely established, but there are still gaps in the governance system [2] International Cooperation and Rule-Making - China actively participates in the formulation of international rules for cross-border data flow, showcasing its major country stance through initiatives like the "Global Data Security Initiative" and "Global AI Governance Initiative" [2] - Bilateral agreements, such as the memorandum with Germany on data flow cooperation, and discussions with Singapore on common standards, are part of China's strategy to enhance international collaboration [2] Legislative and Institutional Improvements - Recommendations include improving domestic legislation to fill legal gaps and ensure alignment with the digital economy's development [3] - The need for a comprehensive legal system that integrates existing laws and addresses the latest demands in international digital trade governance is highlighted [3] Enhancing International Collaboration - Strengthening cooperation with Asia-Pacific countries in e-commerce and new digital business models is crucial for expanding the governance of cross-border data flow [4] - Establishing a dialogue platform for data governance among countries and exploring cooperation mechanisms in specific areas like electronic bills and invoices are suggested [4]

Core Viewpoint - The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the enhancement of international commercial dispute resolution mechanisms and the improvement of judicial measures against sanctions and extraterritorial jurisdiction [1] Group 1: Judicial Enhancements - Strengthening the Supreme People's Court and key regions' international commercial trial work to create a preferred location for international commercial dispute resolution [1] - Improving the connection mechanisms with international commercial mediation and arbitration [1] - Establishing a high-level, specialized foreign law verification system [1] Group 2: Legal Framework Improvements - Enhancing the judicial adjudication system for parties to agree on jurisdiction and applicable foreign laws in foreign civil legal relations [1] - Improving maritime trial work and the layout of maritime court branches to protect China's maritime rights [1] Group 3: International Cooperation and Protection - Perfecting judicial protection mechanisms for overseas interests and enhancing judicial protection for overseas Chinese [1] - Strengthening international exchanges and cooperation in the judicial field [1] - Actively participating in the formulation of international rules in trade, intellectual property, environmental protection, and cyberspace [1] Group 4: Regional Focus - Deepening judicial exchanges and cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, reinforcing rule alignment and mechanism connection [1] - Enhancing judicial work related to Taiwan and promoting cross-strait integration and development [1]

Core Viewpoint - Arbitration is increasingly important in resolving cross-border commercial disputes amid a changing international economic environment, providing efficient, flexible, and fair solutions [1][2]. Group 1: Current State of Arbitration in China - The China Maritime Arbitration Commission (CMAC) has seen significant growth, with over 60,000 arbitrators and cases involving parties from over 100 countries and regions [1]. - In 2024, CMAC ranked among the top international maritime arbitration institutions, with foreign-related cases accounting for 39% of total cases, a 55% year-on-year increase [1]. Group 2: Future Development and Strategic Initiatives - The Chinese arbitration sector is at a unique opportunity for growth, with new reforms and innovations being prioritized by the government [2]. - Key areas for development include leveraging digital technology and artificial intelligence to enhance arbitration processes, strengthening rule research to represent Chinese business interests internationally, and fostering communication platforms between business and legal communities [2]. Group 3: Practical Applications and Case Studies - CMAC released a collection of typical cases involving free trade zone enterprises, highlighting representative disputes in shipbuilding, chartering, multimodal transport, freight forwarding, and marine insurance [3]. - The case collection aims to summarize CMAC's unique practices in resolving maritime disputes and offers practical recommendations [3].