为了减少对中国稀土的依赖，打破中国在关键矿产资源上的主导地位，美国最近做了两件大事： 联盟机制面临现实挑战，中国反制手段明确 美国的目标非常明确，即通过大规模储备保障稀土资源供应，通过盟友间的统一定价机制维护市场稳 定。这两大措施毫无疑问都是直接针对中国的。 美国这么做能否真正打破中国在关键矿产领域的主导地位？首先我们要看这个矿产供应链联盟能否长期 维持。美国要为关键矿产制定价格下限，要求所有成员国执行。 理论上可行，但实际操作极为困难。如果中国采取反制，至少可以采取两个措施：一是进一步限制向这 些国家出口关键矿产，使其供应链难以长期稳定；二是以更低价格向其他国家出口，使美国主导的联盟 无法如愿建立统一、稳定的定价机制。 一旦外部市场价格低于联盟定价，美国科技公司的成本将高于他国同行，利润随之下降，联盟自然难以 为继。 一是邀请多国矿产部长前往华盛顿举行会议，建立了一个由美国主导的关键矿产供应链联盟，对稀土等 关键材料制定统一政策，并强制实施最低价格标准； 二是特朗普宣布成立一个所谓的"金库计划"，对稀土等矿产进行超大规模的战略储备，总金额达到120 亿美元。 战略储备难以弥补加工能力短板 再来看特朗普提出的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the establishment of a strategic partnership between the United States, the European Union, and Japan aimed at enhancing the resilience of critical mineral supply chains, thereby improving economic and national security [2][4]. Group 1: Strategic Partnership and Cooperation - The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) announced that the U.S., EU, and Japan are taking significant steps to enhance the resilience of critical mineral supply chains [2]. - A memorandum of understanding is set to be signed within 30 days to identify cooperation areas, stimulate demand, and diversify supply chains [6][7]. - The partnership aims to prevent supply chain disruptions and promote research and development innovation [6][7]. Group 2: International Relations and Trade Agreements - The EU has proposed this cooperation, coinciding with the resumption of the U.S.-EU trade agreement approval process after previous tensions [4][12]. - The European Parliament is expected to vote on the trade agreement in the upcoming committee meeting on February 24 [15]. - The article highlights the complexity of U.S.-EU relations, emphasizing that despite trade frictions, both parties remain allied under NATO [13][17]. Group 3: Economic Initiatives and Plans - The U.S. has announced a $12 billion mineral reserve plan for domestic manufacturers during crises [11]. - A separate critical mineral action plan between the U.S. and Mexico will prioritize financing for specific mining and processing projects [10]. - The U.S. Department of Defense has signed a $12.5 million agreement to purchase 400 tons of indium for defense reserves [11].

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a strategic partnership among the US, EU, and Japan aims to enhance the resilience of critical mineral supply chains, which is essential for economic and national security [1][5]. Group 1: Strategic Partnership and Cooperation - The US, EU, and Japan are taking significant steps to strengthen the resilience of critical mineral supply chains, with a commitment to accelerate cooperation and establish mutually beneficial partnerships [1][5]. - A memorandum of understanding is set to be signed within 30 days to enhance the security of critical mineral supply chains, identifying cooperation areas and stimulating demand through diversified supply [5][6]. Group 2: International Trade Environment - The Chinese government emphasizes the importance of maintaining an open, inclusive, and equitable international trade environment, urging all parties to contribute constructively to the stability and security of global critical mineral supply chains [1][4]. - There is a strong opposition to any country attempting to disrupt international economic and trade order through "small circle" rules [2]. Group 3: Trade Agreements and Relations - The EU has restarted the approval process for the US-EU trade agreement, which had been frozen due to previous tensions related to Greenland and tariffs [8][9]. - The European Parliament is expected to vote on the trade agreement in the upcoming committee meeting on February 24 [8]. Group 4: Economic Measures and Initiatives - The US has announced a $12 billion mineral reserve plan for domestic manufacturers during crises and signed a $125 million agreement for defense reserves [7]. - The US and Mexico are implementing a similar action plan to develop preferential trade through price floors for specific mining and processing projects [7].