粮食"看天吃饭"的局面正在被改写。今年我国部分地区先后遭遇干旱、洪涝等极端天气侵袭，导致夏粮 有所减产，但凭借"以秋补夏"精准调度，成功推动秋粮增产，全年粮食产量稳定在1.4万亿斤以上。粮 食再次高位增产，充分说明我国农业气候韧性得到显著提升，生动诠释了我国"以丰补歉、季节互补、 区域协同"的粮食安全治理智慧。这背后，既离不开农业基础设施和科技创新的基础支撑，也得益于政 策引导与制度创新所提供的坚实保障。 （来源：经济日报） 转自：经济日报 农业基础设施与科技创新，为提升农业气候韧性提供基础支撑。农业基础设施的现代化程度直接决定了 农业抵御气候冲击的能力。我国已建成超10亿亩高标准农田，不断完善水利设施，显著提升了粮食旱涝 保收的能力。科技创新为提升气候韧性提供了解决方案和前瞻能力。加快培育推广耐旱、耐涝、耐高 温、抗病虫等抗逆新品种，并通过品种搭配分散种植风险。推广节水灌溉、保护性耕作等绿色技术，提 升资源利用效率。只有坚持基建与科技同步投入、协同发力，才能系统性筑牢粮食安全防线，推动粮食 生产从"靠天吃饭"迈向"知天而作"的新阶段。 政策引导与制度创新，为提升农业气候韧性提供坚实保障。今年国家着力健全粮食 ...

"以秋补夏"精准调度，实现季节性互补。夏粮以冬小麦为主，主要分布在黄淮海、长江中下游等区 域；秋粮以水稻、玉米、大豆等为主，种植范围更广、生育期更长、增产潜力更大，二者在作物种类、 生长周期和产区分布上形成天然互补与风险对冲，构成了稳定产量的第一道防线。面对今年夏粮因灾减 产，有关部门迅速行动，通过行政动员、技术指导、资源倾斜等措施，全力扩大秋粮播种面积、提升单 产，并动态优化调整种植结构，其中高产玉米面积增加较多。再加上东北、西北等秋粮主产区气候条件 有利，带动秋粮产量增加，成功弥补夏粮减产带来的损失。 区域协同成效显现，将局部地区因灾减产的风险有效分散，并转化为由全国共同承担的稳产增产责 任。今年虽然部分地区遭遇极端天气，但全国大部分农区光温水匹配良好，气象条件总体有利于粮食作 物生长发育和产量形成。全国31个省(区、市)中，有29个粮食增产，包括13个主产区、7个主销区和9个 产销平衡区。其中，内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江及新疆等粮食合计增产114.7亿斤，占全国增量近七 成。主产区仍然是粮食增产的绝对主力，非主产区也在努力挖掘粮食增产潜力，努力提升粮食自给水 平。主销区增产虽然不多，但其通过财政转移支付 ...

充分利用我国夏粮与秋粮天然形成的"季节差"，实现季节性互补，成功推动秋粮增产，充分说明我国农 业气候韧性得到显著提升，生动诠释了我国"以丰补歉、季节互补、区域协同"的粮食安全治理智慧。 粮食"看天吃饭"的局面正在被改写。今年我国部分地区先后遭遇干旱、洪涝等极端天气侵袭，导致夏粮 有所减产，但凭借"以秋补夏"精准调度，成功推动秋粮增产，全年粮食产量稳定在1.4万亿斤以上。粮 食再次高位增产，充分说明我国农业气候韧性得到显著提升，生动诠释了我国"以丰补歉、季节互补、 区域协同"的粮食安全治理智慧。这背后，既离不开农业基础设施和科技创新的基础支撑，也得益于政 策引导与制度创新所提供的坚实保障。 "以秋补夏"精准调度，实现季节性互补。夏粮以冬小麦为主，主要分布在黄淮海、长江中下游等区域； 秋粮以水稻、玉米、大豆等为主，种植范围更广、生育期更长、增产潜力更大，二者在作物种类、生长 周期和产区分布上形成天然互补与风险对冲，构成了稳定产量的第一道防线。面对今年夏粮因灾减产， 有关部门迅速行动，通过行政动员、技术指导、资源倾斜等措施，全力扩大秋粮播种面积、提升单产， 并动态优化调整种植结构，其中高产玉米面积增加较多。再加上东 ...

Core Viewpoint - Climate change is significantly reshaping agricultural production in China, with a notable northward shift in major crop planting areas due to rising temperatures and changing weather patterns [3][4][12]. Climate Change Impact on Agriculture - Global warming has led to a northward migration of planting zones, with specific examples including the northward shift of the optimal planting boundary for Gan Nan navel oranges and cotton in Xinjiang [3]. - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global average temperatures have risen by 1.1°C since pre-industrial times, affecting crop yields by -10% to 25% [2][4]. Crop Yield and Quality Concerns - High temperatures above 38°C significantly inhibit the growth of key crops like rice, corn, and wheat, leading to reduced yields and lower grain quality [4]. - Research indicates that a 1°C increase in global average temperature could result in yield reductions of 6.0% for wheat, 3.2% for rice, 7.4% for corn, and 3.1% for soybeans [4]. Extreme Weather Events - The frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts and heavy rainfall, is increasing, severely impacting agricultural production [5][6]. - In Gansu province, a significant reduction in rainfall has led to widespread drought affecting 1.88 million acres of crops [5]. Pest and Disease Management Challenges - Climate change is altering the geographical distribution of pests and diseases, with new threats emerging in previously unaffected areas [6]. - The northward expansion of wheat rust disease and other pests has resulted in significant economic losses, estimated at over 12 billion yuan annually [6]. Agricultural Adaptation Strategies - The Chinese agricultural sector is undergoing a transformation to enhance resilience against climate change through various strategies, including the development of drought-resistant crop varieties and innovative planting techniques [12][14]. - The introduction of the "Zhongmai 36" drought-resistant wheat variety is expected to increase yields significantly while conserving water [7][8]. Policy and Research Initiatives - The 2023 Central Document No. 1 emphasizes the need for a new round of agricultural climate resource surveys and zoning to adapt to changing conditions [12]. - Experts advocate for a comprehensive national strategy to address climate change impacts on agriculture, focusing on enhancing scientific understanding and developing actionable plans [13][14].