"今年麦种前计划完成800亩土地托管，目前已签400多亩，有党员带头、有保底分红，乡亲们的积极性 越来越高。"10月27日，在山东菏泽市郓城县水堡乡顺河楼村委会内，村支部书记崔连国一边整理刚签 好的土地托管协议，一边向记者介绍村里的新变化。 顺河楼村土地托管能快速推进，党员带头是关键。作为首批签约户，党员张修群的选择，给不少有顾虑 的村民吃了"定心丸"。"规模化种植能降风险、保收入，还能把咱从地里解放出来，要么外出务工，要 么给合作社干活，多一份收入，我肯定第一时间响应。"张修群说。70多岁的村民张祥云也捧着协议 说："孩子在外工作，老两口种地早力不从心，现在托管出去有保底、有分红，省心又划算！" 不止水堡乡，杨庄集镇后孙庄村的土地托管实践同样亮眼。该村通过党支部领办的红耕种植专业合作 社，先将300亩零散耕地整合为"大田"，再托管给鑫福农业，还引入中化农业MAP技术，强化规模化生 产能力。"我家12亩地在试验田，专业团队管全流程，秋收后算下来，比自己种收入还高！"村民孙从国 说。据统计，仅秋收一季，后孙庄村托管地块就实现总增产超9万斤，带动农户总增收超6万元，村集体 也同步创收近4万元。在其示范带动下，该镇 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the agricultural land reform in China, specifically the separation of land ownership, contracting rights, and operational rights, which aims to promote moderate-scale agricultural operations and modernize agriculture [1][16]. Group 1: Agricultural Land Reform - The reform of separating land ownership, contracting rights, and operational rights is intended to stabilize farmers' contracting rights and promote moderate-scale agricultural operations [1][19]. - The 2018 revision of the Rural Land Contracting Law formalized the three rights separation, indicating a gradual improvement in the system [1][16]. Group 2: Moderate-Scale Agricultural Operations - Many rural areas have spontaneously developed moderate-scale agricultural operations rooted in familiar social networks among farmers, which facilitate low transaction costs in land transfers [3][4]. - In sensitive villages, such as Minma Village, land transfer occurs without rent, primarily for crops like tobacco and passion fruit, with operational scales typically ranging from 15 to 30 acres [5][6]. Group 3: Efficiency and Rationality of Middle Farmers - Middle farmers, who are often experienced in agriculture, demonstrate rational decision-making in determining land transfer scales based on rental prices, product prices, and production risks [9][10]. - The agricultural production of middle farmers is characterized by high efficiency, with careful management of crops leading to higher yields compared to large-scale operations managed by urban capital [12][14]. Group 4: Urban Capital and Large-Scale Agriculture - The separation of land rights facilitates urban capital's entry into rural areas for large-scale agricultural operations, which often exceed 1,000 acres [20][19]. - However, urban capital lacks agricultural experience, leading to inefficiencies and potential losses, as they may not understand the risks associated with agricultural production [21][22]. Group 5: Social Implications and Reflections - The absence of urban capital in Minma Village is attributed to the fragmented and small-scale nature of the land, which does not support mechanized large-scale farming [25]. - The article concludes that middle farmers represent the most economically efficient and socially beneficial agricultural production model, relying on social relationships rather than formal policies or legal frameworks [26].

Core Viewpoint - Heilongjiang Province, particularly Harbin, plays a crucial role in China's agricultural landscape, contributing significantly to national food security through modern agricultural practices and technological advancements [4][5][15]. Agricultural Production - Heilongjiang is a major grain-producing region, with Harbin contributing nearly one-sixth of the province's total grain output, with a stable planting area of over 30 million mu and annual grain production exceeding 240 billion jin [4][5]. - The area of rice cultivation in Wuchang exceeds 2.5 million mu, producing 1.4 billion jin of high-quality rice annually, showcasing the region's agricultural potential [5][6]. Technological Advancements - Harbin has embraced smart agriculture, utilizing data analysis and intelligent equipment to enhance crop yields and efficiency, achieving a mechanization rate of 99% in agricultural operations [7][8]. - The integration of green pest control and biological agents has led to a 10% increase in rice yields while reducing chemical pesticide usage, promoting sustainable agricultural practices [7][8]. Industry Extension - Harbin is actively extending its agricultural industry chain, with 702 large-scale agricultural processing enterprises generating revenue of 123.35 billion yuan, and a processing conversion rate of 77.1% [9][10]. - The development of customized agriculture has allowed local farmers to directly supply products to distant markets, enhancing the value of local agricultural products [10][11]. Brand Development - The brand value of Wuchang rice is estimated at 71.36 billion yuan, making it the top rice brand in China, which significantly contributes to farmers' income and industry upgrades [11][12]. - Harbin has established over 30 regional public agricultural brands and continues to promote its agricultural products through various marketing initiatives [11][12]. New Business Models - The integration of agriculture with tourism has created new revenue streams for farmers, with agritourism activities attracting thousands of visitors and enhancing the visibility of modern agricultural practices [12][13]. - The shift towards larger-scale farming operations has improved efficiency and productivity, with the area of moderately scaled agricultural operations reaching 19.14 million mu, an increase of 1.14 million mu from the previous year [14][15]. Land and Resource Management - Harbin is focused on high-standard farmland construction and black soil protection, with 1.24 million mu of high-standard farmland established, significantly enhancing agricultural productivity and disaster resilience [14][15].