在治理体系与实践方面，随着对减污降碳协同理解的不断加深，我国逐步构建了多部委协作、多领域发 力的治理体系。协同治理政策框架涵盖了行政、经济和社会治理等手段，协同治理政策体系在逐步完 善，为协同治理提供了重要约束、引导与激励作用。一些地方实践工作积极开展，但挑战仍在，高碳排 放城市呈现PM2.5污染更为严重的趋势。 在结构转型和治理技术方面，报告指出，当前，化石能源消费趋势分化明显，煤炭消费增速放缓，"十 四五"以来煤电核准首次出现下降，但仍超"十三五"期间年度新增核准装机容量的最高值，化工行业产 量增长成为工业煤炭消费增长主要因素；以"新三样"为代表的先进制造业，以及以人工智能、大数据等 为代表的数字产业带动了我国用电需求的快速增长新能源成为新增装机发电主体。在这个过程中，我国 产业结构持续优化，交通绿色转型持续推进，建筑结构转型转向存量提质增效。碳捕集利用与封存 (CCUS)技术快速发展，我国CCUS示范项目在数量、成本、建设规模、陆海建设领域都取得重要的里程 碑。新型电力系统建设稳步推进，大气污染治理进一步提质增效，但结构性、根源性、趋势性压力依然 突出，未来加大源头减排、结构减排和科技减排力度，将是污染 ...

近两年，在政策积极推动下，我国生物质资源化利用经济性持续提升，推动农村生物质清洁供热潜力加速释放，并积极探索与风、光 等可再生能源协同构建多元化清洁能源供应体系，助力降污、节能、惠民，推动乡村能源转型升级。 国家发改委能源研究所研究员张建国进一步指出，当前，"好房子"建设、大规模设备更新、零碳园区与零碳村镇建设、热泵技术进步、 可再生能源成本大幅下降，以及数字赋能、碳排放双控制度等，都为农村推动低碳零碳清洁取暖创造了良好的发展机遇。 眼下，北方地区已全部进入供暖季。随着清洁供暖持续推进，田间地头大规模焚烧秸秆、浓烟四起的场景已经越来越少。 近日，在由中国农村能源行业协会主办的首届村镇低（零）碳清洁供热供暖大会暨生物质燃料产业化与零碳园区建设大会上，与会专家 表示，秸秆等农林生物质资源化、高值化的利用路径，对于持续深入打赢蓝天保卫战，实现减污降碳协同，推动农村能源转型具有重要 的意义。 近两年，在政策积极推动下，我国生物质资源化利用经济性持续提升，推动农村生物质清洁供热潜力加速释放，并积极探索与风、光等 可再生能源协同构建多元化清洁能源供应体系，助力降污、节能、惠民，推动乡村能源转型升级。 生物质供热迎多重利好 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights significant progress in the management of industrial small coal-fired boilers and building material kilns in the Northwest region, while also identifying ongoing challenges such as insufficient industrial structure optimization and uneven clean energy substitution [5][7]. Industrial Small Boilers - The total capacity of coal-fired small boilers in the Northwest region is approximately 0.8 million steam tons, with coal consumption around 3.53 million tons as of 2024 [5]. - The capacity and coal consumption of coal-fired industrial small boilers nationwide have decreased by 87% and 82% respectively from 2017 to 2024, but the Northwest still accounts for 12.6% of the national coal consumption from small boilers [7]. - Experts suggest a dual approach of "regional differentiated elimination + end-of-pipe deep governance" to address the challenges, emphasizing tailored strategies for different regions [8]. Building Material Kilns - The brick and tile industry has seen a significant reduction in coal consumption, dropping from 236 million tons to 37 million tons, with the proportion of tunnel kilns increasing from 10% to 90% [10]. - The number of brick enterprises in Gansu has decreased from 973 to 218, and in Xinjiang from over 1,000 to around 300, but remaining capacities still face environmental pressures [10]. - A comprehensive governance plan is proposed, focusing on eliminating outdated production capacity, enhancing environmental performance, and utilizing solid waste [11]. Emission Standards and Regulations - The current boiler emission standards are outdated and do not meet the needs of modern pollution reduction and carbon neutrality goals, particularly in the Northwest region [15]. - There is a need to revise local boiler emission standards to include carbon emission intensity, which would provide clearer guidelines for pollution reduction and carbon neutrality efforts [15].