Group 1 - India announced retaliatory tariffs of up to $725 million on certain U.S. goods, disrupting the negotiation pace set by the Trump administration [1][3] - The retaliatory action came just before the expiration of a 90-day grace period for countries to negotiate trade agreements with the U.S. [3] - India firmly opposes opening its agricultural market, particularly in agriculture and dairy sectors, which are considered "red lines" [5][14] Group 2 - India's exports to the U.S. account for only about 18% of its total exports, indicating limited impact from U.S. tariffs [10] - The Indian government is focused on reducing reliance on U.S. technology through initiatives like "Make in India 2.0" [12] - Modi's government is committed to protecting farmers' rights, recalling past protests against agricultural reforms [17] Group 3 - Modi's recent participation in the BRICS summit indicates a strategic shift towards strengthening ties with emerging economies [19] - BRICS countries are collaborating on reducing dependence on the U.S. dollar, which aligns with India's economic strategy [21] - The U.S. is facing challenges in its negotiation tactics, as seen in stalled talks with the EU, Japan, and Canada [24] Group 4 - India is leveraging the WTO to challenge U.S. actions, indicating a shift from bilateral to multilateral negotiations [26] - India's strong stance against U.S. pressure serves as a signal to other nations that resistance is possible [28]

Group 1 - The Indian government has imposed a temporary 12% tariff on 22 categories of steel products imported from China, aligning with the U.S. initiative for a "non-Chinese supply chain" amid the U.S.-China trade war [1][3] - India's steel imports from China are significant, with 1.87 million tons expected in 2024 and 2025, accounting for 28% of total imports, while South Korea holds the largest share at 31% [1] - The imposition of tariffs is seen as a move to protect local industries, but it has raised concerns about the impact on downstream industries in India, such as Tata Motors, which relies heavily on Chinese steel [5][7] Group 2 - Following India's tariff announcement, U.S. President Trump indicated a potential reduction in tariffs on China, causing fluctuations in global stock markets, including a 2.66% rise in the Dow Jones index [3] - The Indian government's strategy to balance relations between the U.S. and China has been criticized as shortsighted, with the "Make in India 2.0" initiative facing challenges, as manufacturing's contribution to GDP is only 13%, far below the targeted 25% [7][9] - The reliance on Chinese components is evident, with 92% of smartphone displays and 78% of batteries used in Indian-assembled devices sourced from China, highlighting vulnerabilities in India's "assembly economy" [7]