跨越世纪 桥见未来 改变城运的"黄河第一铁路桥" ——访中国水利博物馆研究处馆员张裕童 "京汉铁路郑州黄河第一铁路桥是我国第一座横跨黄河、连接南北的钢结构铁路桥，对郑州有着特殊的 意义。"长期从事水利史与水利遗产研究的张裕童回忆起百年前的历史，心中感慨万千。他表示，大桥 的建设可以从清政府铁路大臣盛宣怀的一封奏折说起。 1903年，湖广总督张之洞、直隶总督袁世凯以及盛宣怀联名给清政府上了一份名为《黄河造桥河防并无 窒碍》的奏折，通过详尽分析桥梁建设的重要性，开启了大桥建设的序幕。"在黄河上建设第一座横跨 两岸的桥梁工程是否影响黄河的防洪""桥梁能否经受住黄河洪水的考验""在黄河的流沙上到底能不能架 桥铺路"……"这些都是铁路桥建设难以回避的问题。"张裕童说到。 甲午战争战败后，清王朝认为铁路建设是发展经济、富国强兵的关键。中国最重要的铁路干线——今京 沪、京汉铁路的前身卢汉（卢沟桥—武汉）、津浦（天津—南京浦口）线被提上建设日程，掀起了近代 铁路建设的第一个高潮。京汉铁路不同于之前的京张铁路等物资专线，它是连接华北与中南地区的骨干 线路，承担着重要使命。 张裕童告诉记者，清末重臣张之洞就曾说过，卢汉铁路以"一 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is making significant progress in social welfare and public service initiatives during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, focusing on improving living standards and providing support for vulnerable groups [1] Group 1: Social Welfare Initiatives - The average standard of urban and rural subsistence allowances has increased by 19.6% and 21.3% respectively compared to 2020 [3] - A layered and categorized social assistance system has been established, extending coverage to low-income families and those facing rigid expenditure difficulties [3] - A dynamic monitoring and regular assistance mechanism for disadvantaged groups has been initiated, ensuring no large-scale return to poverty [3] Group 2: Child Welfare - Significant progress has been made in the construction of a child welfare protection system, including support for orphans and children in difficult situations [3] - The basic living standards for various categories of vulnerable children have increased by 26%, 32%, and 31% respectively compared to 2020 [3] Group 3: Support for the Elderly - The central government has allocated 1.16 billion yuan for the first batch of elderly care service consumption subsidies [4] - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 2.24 million households of elderly individuals in special difficulties have undergone home modifications to be more age-friendly [5] - Various subsidies have benefited 49.45 million elderly individuals, enhancing their welfare [5] Group 4: Marriage Registration - Since the implementation of nationwide marriage registration, over 263,000 couples have registered, greatly facilitating the process for the public [6] Group 5: Charity and Social Organizations - The total sales of welfare lottery tickets have reached 852.5 billion yuan, raising 256.6 billion yuan for public welfare [7] - The number of registered social organizations has reached 865,000, with a notable increase in technology-related organizations [7] - The number of recognized charitable organizations has exceeded 16,000, marking a 70% increase since 2020, with annual charitable donations surpassing 200 billion yuan [7]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the increase in marriage and divorce registrations in China during the first half of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, with marriage registrations rising to 3.539 million pairs and divorce registrations to 1.331 million pairs [1] - Marriage registrations increased by 109,000 pairs year-on-year, while divorce registrations saw an increase of 57,000 pairs [1] - The implementation of the revised Marriage Registration Regulations on May 10, 2025, allowing nationwide processing of marriage registrations, has contributed to the surge in marriage registrations [1] Group 2 - May 2025 was noted as a peak month for marriage registrations, coinciding with the new policy's introduction just before the "520" wedding registration peak [1] - Following the new policy, there was a significant increase in marriage registration appointments, with over 1,700 appointments in Beijing on May 10, including approximately 900 involving the "nationwide processing" service [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolving attitudes of young people towards marriage and the decision to obtain a marriage certificate, highlighting a trend towards more cautious and individualized approaches to relationships and commitments [2][24][30]. Group 1: Marriage Registration Trends - The new marriage registration regulations allow individuals to complete the process with just an ID, leading to a surge in registrations, particularly on May 20, when many queued overnight [2][3]. - A survey by Soul App indicates that a significant portion of younger generations still values the act of obtaining a marriage certificate, with 51.78% of post-90s, 50.83% of post-95s, and 41.87% of post-00s believing it is an important milestone in romantic relationships [3][31]. Group 2: Reasons for Not Registering - Many young couples choose not to register their marriage due to various reasons, including career considerations, financial stability, and the desire to avoid societal pressures related to marriage and childbearing [4][6][10]. - The article presents contrasting views, with some individuals feeling that not registering allows for greater freedom and less pressure from family regarding marriage and children [5][9][14]. Group 3: Legal and Social Implications - The lack of a marriage certificate can lead to legal vulnerabilities, particularly concerning property rights and responsibilities in the event of a separation [20][30]. - The article highlights that cohabiting couples without a marriage certificate may face challenges in legal matters, such as child custody and financial disputes, as they lack the legal protections afforded to married couples [19][21]. Group 4: Cultural Perspectives - The article notes that attitudes towards marriage vary significantly between urban and rural areas, with urban youth more likely to support non-traditional arrangements [17][18]. - It also discusses the influence of cultural norms on marriage decisions, with some individuals feeling that traditional views on marriage do not align with their personal beliefs [22][24]. Group 5: International Comparisons - The article references the French PACS system, which offers a flexible alternative to marriage, allowing couples to enjoy some legal benefits without the formalities of marriage [26][27]. - Statistics show that the number of PACS registrations in France is nearly equal to marriage registrations, indicating a shift in how relationships are formalized [27][28].

Core Viewpoint - The meeting highlighted the dedication and love of five representatives from the civil affairs system in enhancing the welfare of the people, emphasizing their commitment to social service and support for vulnerable groups [1][2][3]. Group 1: Social Welfare and Support - Huang Huiqing, head of the medical department at Beijing Children's Welfare Institute, has dedicated 32 years to helping children with rare diseases, emphasizing the importance of love, patience, and professional skills in her work [2]. - Li Xiaoxia, deputy director of the social assistance service center in Ganquan County, has spent 23 years ensuring that no household or individual is overlooked in social assistance, implementing a proactive approach to service delivery [3]. - Wu Bo, director of the rescue management station in Heze City, has focused on helping the homeless and vulnerable populations for over 17 years, establishing a comprehensive rescue network and innovative service models [4]. Group 2: Marriage and Family Services - Nie Jing, director of the marriage (adoption) registration center in Minhang District, has worked on improving service levels in marriage registration, including pilot programs for cross-province and international marriage registrations [6]. - The center has also initiated a "happiness charging station" to provide matchmaking services for young people in Shanghai, reflecting a commitment to enhancing community engagement [6]. Group 3: Elderly Care - Qiu Liyun, head of the nursing team at Liuzhou Social Welfare Institute, has served over 500 elderly individuals, focusing on providing compassionate care and extending services to the community [7]. - The nursing team has conducted approximately 6,200 home visits for elderly care, showcasing the growing recognition and support for the profession of elderly care in society [7].