Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the Guangfulin culture, which emerged after the decline of the Liangzhu civilization, highlighting its archaeological importance and cultural connections in the Shanghai region [2][11]. Group 1: Archaeological Significance - The Guangfulin site is the largest archaeological site in Shanghai, with extensive excavations revealing a wealth of artifacts and cultural layers spanning from the Neolithic to the Zhou dynasty [3][4]. - Initial discoveries at Guangfulin began in 1958, with formal excavations starting in 1999, confirming an area exceeding 100,000 square meters, later expanded to approximately 150,000 square meters [3][4]. - The site has yielded evidence of multiple cultural layers, including the Songze culture, Liangzhu culture, Qianshanyang culture, and Guangfulin culture, providing insights into the region's historical development [5][8]. Group 2: Cultural Characteristics - The Guangfulin culture, identified as a local cultural phenomenon, existed for a brief period of about 200 years, connecting the late Neolithic Liangzhu culture with the early Xia and Shang dynasties [11][18]. - Artifacts from the Guangfulin culture include distinctive pottery types, such as tripod vessels and jade cong, which show influences from both local and northern cultures, indicating a blend of cultural elements [9][17]. - The burial practices and settlement structures of the Guangfulin culture reflect a lack of centralized authority and a diverse social structure, with evidence of rice cultivation and resource utilization from aquatic environments [15][20]. Group 3: Historical Context - The Guangfulin culture is positioned as a bridge between early civilizations along the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, filling gaps in the archaeological record of the Yangtze River Delta [11][18]. - The transition from the Liangzhu culture to the Guangfulin culture is marked by significant environmental changes and cultural interactions, leading to the eventual emergence of the Maqiao culture [20]. - The findings at Guangfulin contribute to understanding the socio-economic conditions and technological advancements in the region during the Zhou dynasty, including the development of bronze casting techniques [10][19].

文博时空 作者 翟德芳 我在介绍马家浜文化的时候，已经提到，马家浜文化发展为崧泽文化。崧泽文化 是以上海市的崧泽遗址为典型遗址命名的，所以这一篇就从崧泽遗址说起。 提到崧泽遗址，很多文章都称它是"上海之源"，称崧泽文化是上海先民创造的最早的文化。其实说崧泽 文化是上海最早的文化是不准确的。因为就在崧泽遗址，崧泽文化的地层之下还叠压着马家浜文化的堆 积，说"崧泽文化是上海之源"，那其下面的马家浜文化是什么呢？不过，说崧泽遗址是上海"考古之 源"倒是十分准确，因为正是崧泽遗址的发现和发掘，才开启了上海考古工作的实际进程。 （原标题："古国时代"的考古学探索：从崧泽遗址说起） 崧泽遗址出土的陶盉 遗址以假山墩为中心，东西长约500米，南北宽约300米，面积约15万平方米。发掘得知，遗址堆积由下 到上依次为马家浜文化、崧泽文化和春秋战国时代遗存，而以崧泽文化的堆积最丰富。根据这些考古工 作成果，1987年出版的《崧泽——新石器时代遗址发掘报告》也是上海第一部正式的考古发掘报告；基 于这两次发掘所提出的"崧泽文化"的命名，也得到广泛的认同，成为第一个以上海的地名命名的考古学 文化。 崧泽遗址出土的玉镯 出人意料的发现 ...

Core Insights - The discovery of an ancient city site from the Majiabang culture, dating back 6000 years, at the Wuxi Doushan site is significant as it represents the earliest known prehistoric city in the lower Yangtze River region [1][4] Archaeological Findings - The Doushan site covers an area of approximately 250,000 square meters and includes remnants from both the Majiabang and Songze cultures, indicating a large and culturally rich prehistoric settlement [1] - Excavation efforts have revealed a total of 194 tombs, 13 house sites, and 12 areas of red burnt earth, along with nearly 1800 artifacts including pottery, jade, and bronze items [6] - The excavation area has reached approximately 16,000 square meters, with findings such as deep ditches and walls suggesting careful planning and design of the Majiabang period city [3][4] Future Plans - The archaeological team plans to develop a medium- to long-term strategy for ongoing investigation and excavation at the Doushan site, aiming to systematically uncover its significance and value [6]

Core Insights - The Dou Shan site in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province reveals a city site from the Majiabang culture period, dating back approximately 6000 years, marking the first discovery of such a site in the lower Yangtze River region [1][3] - The site covers an area of about 250,000 square meters and contains significant archaeological remains from both the Majiabang and Songze cultures, indicating a large and densely populated prehistoric settlement [1][2] Archaeological Findings - The excavation has uncovered inner and outer walls along with three moats, with the overall layout of the city being rounded square [2] - The inner wall, which is well-preserved, stands over 1 meter high, constructed primarily from pure yellow earth and reinforced with large stones [2] - Artifacts found in the moats include typical Majiabang culture pottery, such as pots and tripods, primarily made of sand-tempered red clay [2] Cultural Significance - The Dou Shan site is considered one of the earliest prehistoric city sites in China, providing crucial insights into the origins of Chinese civilization [3] - The site also revealed over 140 high-status tombs from the Songze culture, with grave goods including jade and stone artifacts, indicating a high level of social stratification [2][3]

Core Insights - The article discusses the archaeological significance of the Chenghu site, highlighting its historical importance and the discoveries made there, particularly related to the Liangzhu culture and its early writing symbols [1][10]. Archaeological Discoveries - Chenghu was originally a lake approximately 45 square kilometers in size, known for its rich archaeological finds, including over 1,200 artifacts from various periods, spanning 5,000 years from the Neolithic to the Tang and Song dynasties [2][11]. - Excavations revealed remnants of a Neolithic settlement from the Songze culture, including housing structures, water systems, and rice paddies, indicating advanced agricultural practices [3][4]. Cultural Artifacts - The artifacts from the Liangzhu culture are particularly notable, featuring pottery that reflects artistic creativity, such as animal-shaped vessels and intricately designed pots with symbolic engravings [4][5][6]. - A significant find includes a pottery vessel with engraved symbols, which has sparked considerable academic interest regarding the origins of Chinese writing, suggesting that these symbols may represent an early form of written language [7][9]. Historical Context - The article outlines the historical evolution of the Chenghu area, noting its prominence during the Wu and Yue states in ancient China, and how it transitioned from a thriving settlement to being submerged under water due to natural and human-induced changes [10][12]. - The formation of Chenghu as a lake is attributed to climatic changes and human activities, particularly during the Song dynasty, which led to significant flooding and the eventual disappearance of the ancient settlements [12][14].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the Cidun archaeological site in Changzhou, highlighting its cultural richness and historical importance in the context of the Liangzhu culture and the broader Yangtze River Delta civilization [1][12]. Archaeological History - The Cidun site, an oval-shaped earth mound approximately 20 meters high, was first discovered in 1973 when villagers found jade artifacts from the Liangzhu culture [2]. - From 1978 to 1995, multiple archaeological investigations were conducted, uncovering over 2,200 square meters of the site, primarily focusing on the Liangzhu culture noble burial grounds [2]. Key Findings - The Cidun site has been included in the "Archaeological China - Civilization Patterns in the Lower Yangtze Region" research project since 2016, with significant discoveries made since 2019, including burial sites and architectural remains from the Songze and Liangzhu cultures, dating back approximately 5,500 to 4,500 years [3]. - The site features a range of archaeological remains, including residential areas, burial sites, and ritual zones, covering an area of 100 meters in length and 80 meters in width [4]. Cultural Artifacts - Artifacts from the site include pottery, jade, stone, and bone tools, reflecting the production, lifestyle, and cultural aspects of the local residents around 5,000 years ago [9][10]. - The pottery from the Songze culture is characterized by gray and red clay, while Liangzhu culture pottery includes a variety of forms, such as large ceremonial vessels and intricately decorated jars [9][10]. Social Structure - The burial sites indicate a social stratification during the Songze culture period, with evidence of wealth disparities among the deceased, suggesting a complex social structure [12]. - The discovery of large-scale wooden structures and intricate pottery indicates a high level of craftsmanship and social organization, reflecting the advanced state of the society at that time [12]. Cultural Connections - The presence of artifacts with characteristics of the Dawenkou culture from Shandong suggests cultural exchanges between the lower Yangtze region and the Yellow River basin, indicating a broader interaction among ancient Chinese civilizations [14].