春节假期，很多观众慕名来到深藏在辽宁西部山沟沟里的这处遗址——牛河梁遗址。 在通往牛河梁国家考古遗址公园的道路两旁，红彤彤的灯笼高挂，洋溢着春节喜庆的氛围。朝阳牛河梁遗址博物馆、牛河梁遗址第一地点（女神庙）保护展 示馆、牛河梁遗址第二地点（积石冢、祭坛）保护展示馆、红山文化展示中心、游客服务中心等散落在山梁上的万亩松林中。 牛河梁遗址博物馆 徐秀丽/摄 牛河梁遗址管理处处长张雪深感接待观众人数比去年春节有了显著增长。遗址博物馆新增百余件出土文物，使观众更好地了解遗址价值；遗址公园也经过全 面升级改造，园区整体环境更加舒适。 文明发端地 古国牛河梁 牛河梁是辽宁省朝阳市下辖的建平县与凌源市交界处的一座山梁，因考古工作者在牛河梁南部山梁发现了一座红山文化时期的墓葬，并在其周边更大范围内 发现了多处红山文化遗址，便将这处遗址群以"牛河梁"冠之，通称为牛河梁遗址。 浩瀚的中华文明如满天星斗，红山文化更是其中最耀眼的一颗。作为红山文化分布的核心区，1981年，牛河梁遗址的发现，吸引了世界的目光。牛河梁遗址 超过5000年的测年数据为中华五千年文明史提供了证据，被称为"中华文明的曙光"。 对牛河梁遗址的认识经历过漫长的路 ...

他闭眼深吸了几口气，进入最关键的环节——钻孔。这可是制作我最核心的工序，稍不留心玉面就会崩 裂甚至断成几截，前功尽弃。他用早已准备好的骨管先从一面钻孔，力气不敢太大，也不能太小，他屏 着呼息钻几下，长嘘口气，然后屏起呼息又钻另一面。就这么周而复始，直到在玉片中间钻出孔，我问 世了。 （来源：内蒙古日报） 他长长舒了口气，用砂岩仔细修磨我的外缘与内孔，直把我修磨得摸起来中部稍厚、边缘渐薄、整体看 上去微有弧度，这才露出满意的笑容。从选玉石开始到完工，这个笑容我等了大半年。 转自：内蒙古日报 □本报记者 高莉 我是一枚沉睡数千年的玉璧，裹着远古文明的星光，在悠悠岁月长河中以温润的弧度，记录着先民的智 慧。 用玉石打制工具在旧石器时代晚期就已经出现，那时玉石在先民眼中是硬度高、韧性好、容易打制出锋 利刃口的好用的石头。 新石器时代，先民使用的生产工具更具体，技术升级，有了先打制再磨制的玉斧、玉铲、玉刀、玉锛等 器具，工艺也从单纯打制发展为打制、切割、琢磨、钻孔等，有一部分玉制工具逐渐脱离实用，演变为 权力、身份的象征与祭祀的礼器。 我诞生于新石器时代一片水草肥美的聚落，是当时人们"以玉为礼、以牲为祭、以墓为坛"举行 ...

Core Insights - The exhibition "Encountering King Kao Lie" showcases archaeological findings from the Wangdun No. 1 tomb in Huainan, Anhui, featuring over 200 artifacts that reflect the glory of the late Warring States period of the Chu state [1] Group 1: Tomb and Artifacts - The Wangdun tomb is a high-status burial site from the late Warring States period, characterized by its luxurious features, including a unique "Y" shaped wooden coffin structure, indicating the high status of the tomb's occupant [2] - A bronze vessel with an inscription is key evidence for identifying the tomb's owner as King Kao Lie of Chu, also known as Xiong Yuan, who was the 39th king of Chu [2][3] - The tomb's excavation exemplifies the integration of archaeology and multidisciplinary technology, showcasing advanced methods in artifact preservation and restoration [3][4] Group 2: Daily Life and Culture - The artifacts, including over 10,000 bronze, jade, pottery, and lacquer items, illustrate the ceremonial and daily life of the Chu royalty, revealing insights into their social customs and aesthetic values [5][6] - The exhibition features a pig-shaped lacquer food box, representing the Chu culture's unique craftsmanship and aesthetic preferences, particularly the use of red and black colors [6] - Various artifacts, such as bronze incense burners and jade ornaments, reflect the luxurious lifestyle and cultural practices of the Chu nobility [6] Group 3: Interactions and Exchanges - The artifacts from the Wangdun tomb indicate that the late Warring States period Chu state was part of a broad and active network of cultural and political exchanges, evidenced by items from different regions [7] - A bronze horse harness fitting found in the tomb illustrates the interaction between Chu culture and northern steppe cultures, highlighting the cross-cultural exchanges of the time [7] - The exhibition also reveals the complex relationship between the Qin and Chu states, with artifacts indicating political alliances through marriage, such as the mention of the Qin empress from the Chu royal family [8]

Core Viewpoint - The Wuwangdun archaeological exhibition at the National Museum showcases over 200 newly unearthed artifacts, marking the first comprehensive public display of findings from the Wuwangdun tomb, which belongs to the late Warring States period of the Chu state [1][2]. Group 1: Artifacts and Their Significance - The Wuwangdun tomb is identified as the burial site of King Xiong Yuan of the Chu state, with a bronze vessel inscribed with "Chu Wang Zai Qian made a gold vessel for annual offerings," serving as a key piece of evidence for identifying the tomb's owner [1]. - Among the artifacts, the largest bronze ding (cauldron) discovered has set a new record in China's ranking of large dings [1]. - The exhibition features a significant set of nine dings, visually representing the historical Nine Ding system, with two dings showcasing intricate scales and decorative motifs, indicating the cultural context of the late Warring States period [2]. Group 2: Cultural Exchange and Artistry - The Wuwangdun tomb yielded a unique bronze ding with an iron base, notable for its 18-character inscription, which references the "Left Envoy Vehicle (Warehouse)," a term specific to the state of Zhongshan, reflecting the cultural exchanges during the late Warring States period [2]. - The exhibition includes exquisite artifacts such as bronze bells, stone chimes, jade discs, and rare ball-shaped jars, collectively illustrating the ceremonial significance and material achievements of the Chu state [2].

Core Insights - The exhibition titled "Encountering King Koryo: Archaeological Achievements of the No. 1 Tomb of King Wu Wang Dun" is hosted by the National Museum of China and the Anhui Provincial Government, running for four months starting December 26, 2025 [2]. Group 1 - The exhibition showcases over 200 artifacts unearthed from the No. 1 Tomb of King Wu Wang Dun, divided into four sections: "Sealed Treasures," "Coffin Burials," "Exquisite Chuchan Treasures," and "Belongings of Huaxia" [3]. - Notable items include a bronze ritual vessel set of nine tripods and eight basins, a complete set of bronze bells and stone chimes, exquisite jade discs and pendants, and a painted lacquer wood table adorned with dragon and phoenix motifs, highlighting the scientific excavation process and the cultural significance of the tomb [3]. - The No. 1 Tomb of King Wu Wang Dun is the largest, highest-ranking, and most complex royal tomb of the Chu state from the Eastern Zhou period, providing crucial evidence for studying royal burial systems, cemetery planning, and burial customs from the late Warring States period to the Western Han dynasty [5].

Core Insights - The exhibition "Encountering King Koryo - Archaeological Discoveries from the No. 1 Tomb of King Wu Wang Dun in Huainan, Anhui" opened at the National Museum of China, showcasing the largest and most complex royal tomb of the Chu state from the Warring States period [2] - Over 10,000 precious artifacts have been unearthed from the site between 2020 and 2024, with the exhibition featuring more than 200 selected items [2] - The exhibition is divided into four sections: "Sealed Treasures," "Coffin Inscriptions," "Exquisite Chu Treasures," and "Belonging to Huaxia," highlighting significant bronze ritual vessels and exquisite jade artifacts [2] Group 1 - The No. 1 Tomb of King Wu Wang Dun is recognized as a "cultural treasure trove" of the Chu state, with artifacts that span over a thousand years [2] - The exhibition will last for four months, allowing visitors to engage with the historical artifacts directly [2] - Notable items include a set of bronze ritual vessels, a complete set of bronze bells, and intricately designed jade pieces, showcasing the craftsmanship of the era [2] Group 2 - The tomb also revealed two sets of musical bells, known as "Niu Bells," which are characterized by their decreasing sizes and intricate designs, reflecting the musical culture of the Chu people [3] - A rare spherical bronze urn, believed to have been used for holding fine wine or soup, exemplifies the romantic aesthetic of Chu culture [3] - The exhibition features a painted lacquer wood table adorned with dragon and phoenix motifs, along with a matching lacquer cup, highlighting the unique artistic expression of the Chu civilization [3]

Core Viewpoint - The archaeological exhibition of the Wuwangdun site showcases over 200 newly unearthed artifacts, marking the first comprehensive public display of these findings related to the tomb of King Koa of the late Warring States period in the Chu state [1][9]. Group 1: Artifacts and Their Significance - The exhibition features a significant bronze vessel, a bronze zun, inscribed with a key phrase that helps identify the tomb's owner, King Koa [1]. - A notable highlight is a set of nine bronze ding, which visually represents the historical nine ding system, with two pieces exhibiting intricate craftsmanship that reflects the cultural decline of the Chu state [3]. - The largest bronze pot unearthed from the tomb has set a new record in China's ranking of large ding [4]. Group 2: Cultural Insights - The Wuwangdun tomb excavation team leader, Gong Xicheng, noted that the unique design of the bronze ding, characterized by a waist and flat bottom, distinguishes it from round ding, indicating the craftsmanship of the Chu state during its peak [6]. - A bronze vessel with iron feet, inscribed with 18 characters, reveals cultural exchanges during the late Warring States period, as it features elements from the Zhongshan state, indicating a blend of cultures [8]. - The exhibition includes a complete set of bronze bells, exquisite jade artifacts, and rare ceremonial items, collectively illustrating the rich material culture and ceremonial practices of the Chu state [9]. Group 3: Exhibition Details - The exhibition is part of the National Museum's important exhibition plan, aiming to provide an immersive archaeological experience and enhance understanding of Chu culture's role in the broader context of Chinese civilization [11].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Encountering King Koryo - Archaeological Achievements of the No. 1 Tomb of Wuwangdun in Huainan, Anhui" showcases significant archaeological findings from the tomb of King Koryo of the Chu state, providing valuable insights into the material civilization of the late Warring States period in China [1] Group 1: Archaeological Significance - The No. 1 Tomb of Wuwangdun is the largest, highest-ranked, and most complex royal tomb of the Chu state discovered to date, dating back to the Eastern Zhou period [1] - Over 10,000 valuable relics reflecting the material culture of the late Warring States period were unearthed between 2020 and 2024, offering important empirical evidence for studying royal burial systems, cemetery planning, and burial customs from the Chu state to the Western Han period [1] Group 2: Exhibition Details - The exhibition features more than 200 selected artifacts from the No. 1 Tomb of Wuwangdun, organized into four sections: "Sealed Treasures," "Coffin Inscriptions," "Exquisite Chu Treasures," and "Belonging to Huaxia" [1] - Key exhibits include a bronze ritual vessel set of nine tripods and eight basins, a complete set of bronze bells and stone chimes, exquisite jade discs and pendants, and intricately decorated painted wooden tables, showcasing the scientific process of archaeological excavation and the cultural significance of the Chu royal tomb [1]

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Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the Cidun archaeological site in Changzhou, highlighting its cultural richness and historical importance in the context of the Liangzhu culture and the broader Yangtze River Delta civilization [1][12]. Archaeological History - The Cidun site, an oval-shaped earth mound approximately 20 meters high, was first discovered in 1973 when villagers found jade artifacts from the Liangzhu culture [2]. - From 1978 to 1995, multiple archaeological investigations were conducted, uncovering over 2,200 square meters of the site, primarily focusing on the Liangzhu culture noble burial grounds [2]. Key Findings - The Cidun site has been included in the "Archaeological China - Civilization Patterns in the Lower Yangtze Region" research project since 2016, with significant discoveries made since 2019, including burial sites and architectural remains from the Songze and Liangzhu cultures, dating back approximately 5,500 to 4,500 years [3]. - The site features a range of archaeological remains, including residential areas, burial sites, and ritual zones, covering an area of 100 meters in length and 80 meters in width [4]. Cultural Artifacts - Artifacts from the site include pottery, jade, stone, and bone tools, reflecting the production, lifestyle, and cultural aspects of the local residents around 5,000 years ago [9][10]. - The pottery from the Songze culture is characterized by gray and red clay, while Liangzhu culture pottery includes a variety of forms, such as large ceremonial vessels and intricately decorated jars [9][10]. Social Structure - The burial sites indicate a social stratification during the Songze culture period, with evidence of wealth disparities among the deceased, suggesting a complex social structure [12]. - The discovery of large-scale wooden structures and intricate pottery indicates a high level of craftsmanship and social organization, reflecting the advanced state of the society at that time [12]. Cultural Connections - The presence of artifacts with characteristics of the Dawenkou culture from Shandong suggests cultural exchanges between the lower Yangtze region and the Yellow River basin, indicating a broader interaction among ancient Chinese civilizations [14].