中新网杭州2月15日电(王逸飞 朱云岚 于熙然)2月15日，腊月二十八。清晨，天边刚泛起鱼肚白，薛泽 峰已经站在工地基坑边。脚下十多米深的作业面里，钢筋工正在绑扎汽车坡道底板钢筋，手里的扎钩绕 上铁丝，一拧、一紧，干脆利落。 良渚博物 院二期项目施工现场。谭琴 供图 眼下，项目主体施工正在火热进行中。钢筋需要捆扎固定，混凝土养护需要人盯，竖向模板拆除需要人 守，安全文明施工更是头等大事。"春节期间，现场安全是最大的事。"薛泽峰说。 当地的冬天有些许湿冷，工地现场的风贴着基坑灌进来，足够"冻人"。但绑扎钢筋的工人半蹲着，手里 的活一直没停过。现场，负一层立柱的钢筋正在一节节往上接，模架的搭设同步推进。这是春节必须啃 下的硬骨头——如果不在春节这几天把汽车坡道钢筋绑完、模架搭好，年后复工就要等一个漫长的技术 间歇。薛泽峰介绍，"我们都是为了年后大面积施工做准备。" 余杭是中华五千年文明史的实证——良渚古城遗址所在地。良渚博物院二期项目则是良渚文化大走廊首 期十大工程之一，也是余杭的地标性工程。 "能参与这样的项目，是一种荣幸。这个项目工艺特殊，难度不小。"杭州良渚古城文旅集团有限公司工 程建设部经理高俊杰介绍，今 ...

（来源：衢州日报） 转自：衢州日报 食盐与人类生活息息相关。考古发现证实，早在良渚时期，浙江舟山群岛的先民就能生产海盐，留下了 众多盐业遗址，这是记者近日从浙江省文物考古研究所获悉的。考古发现的舟山金塘、岱山盐业遗址群 已经入选2025年度浙江考古重大发现。 海水制盐有煮盐和晒盐两种工艺，煮盐工艺出现早，但后来被晒盐工艺取代。朱雪菲说，为了保证产 量，先民在海滩潮间带采集含盐量更高的海泥，将其堆筑再用海水淋滤，得到比海水更咸的卤水，再将 卤水注入煎盐盘，在盐灶上煮盐。 考古发现，良渚时期的舟山先民已经掌握了多环节的煮盐工艺，留下了不少遗迹。姚家湾遗址发现三火 塘盐灶灶底、煎盐盘废弃堆积、煎盐盘堆烧区、盐泥堆放区等一系列制盐遗存。庵跟岙遗址也发现盐灶 灶底、盐泥废料堆等遗存。朱雪菲说，这两处遗址的先民都是在人工堆筑的土台上制盐的，他们在堆筑 土台时，也会筑入制盐的废料，做到物尽其用。 朱雪菲说，出土的煎盐盘多是非常疏松的残块，需要连边上的土一起取出，加固后再剥剔出来。为了让 细砂材质的煎盐盘更耐用，先民还在里面掺入了烧过的贝壳碎屑（蜃灰）。姚家湾遗址就有蜃灰制作区 的遗迹。 两处遗址代表了更大范围的舟山史前盐业 ...

Core Perspective - The article emphasizes the rich cultural heritage and historical significance of Jiaxing, a city in the Jiangnan region, highlighting its evolution from ancient agricultural roots to a modern cultural hub [2][3][32]. Group 1: Historical Foundations - Jiaxing's cultural roots trace back to the Majiabang culture, which dates back 7,000 years, marking the beginning of rice cultivation in the region [3][4]. - The Majiabang culture is considered the source of Jiangnan culture, with its agricultural practices and settlement patterns laying the groundwork for future civilizations [4][6]. - The region's historical significance is further underscored by the cultural transitions during the Song and Ming dynasties, which solidified Jiaxing's role in the development of Jiangnan culture [25][31]. Group 2: Cultural Interactions - The article discusses the cultural exchanges between the Wu and Yue states during the Spring and Autumn period, which contributed to the formation of a unique cultural identity in Jiaxing [12][13]. - The Grand Canal, constructed in 610 AD, played a crucial role in connecting Jiaxing to broader economic and cultural networks, facilitating trade and cultural exchange [16][17]. - Jiaxing emerged as a center for cultural and economic activity during the Tang and Song dynasties, with its strategic location enhancing its prominence in Jiangnan [19][21]. Group 3: Literary and Artistic Contributions - Jiaxing has a rich literary tradition, producing numerous scholars and artists throughout history, contributing significantly to Chinese culture [25][30]. - The city is noted for its historical figures who have made substantial contributions to literature, science, and the arts, reflecting its status as a cultural hub [30][31]. - The article highlights the importance of Jiaxing's literary heritage, with a significant number of scholars and officials originating from the region, showcasing its intellectual legacy [25][31]. Group 4: Modern Cultural Dynamics - The revolutionary spirit, symbolized by the founding of the Communist Party in 1921, has infused Jiaxing's cultural landscape with new vitality [32][33]. - The integration of revolutionary culture with traditional Jiangnan values has created a unique cultural identity for Jiaxing, blending historical depth with modern significance [34][35]. - Jiaxing continues to evolve as a vibrant cultural entity, maintaining its historical roots while adapting to contemporary influences [35][36].

Core Insights - The article highlights the historical significance of color matching in ancient Chinese culture, specifically through the example of the 5000-year-old Liangzhu culture's jade-inlaid lacquer cup, which features a striking red and white color scheme that symbolizes good fortune and auspiciousness [2][5]. Group 1: Historical Context - The Liangzhu lacquer cup, dating back 5000 years, showcases the ancient practice of color coordination in daily life, with red and white colors representing blessings and good luck [2][5]. - The cup is adorned with 141 jade beads embedded in a red lacquer surface, creating a visually stunning contrast that reflects the aesthetic values of ancient Chinese civilization [2][4]. Group 2: Craftsmanship and Technology - The cup is a replica created using advanced techniques such as CT scanning and 3D modeling, which allowed experts to reconstruct the original design despite the original's deterioration [5]. - The materials used for the replica include dehydrated wood from the Hemudu site, red mineral pigment, and precisely positioned jade beads, demonstrating the complexity of ancient craftsmanship [5]. Group 3: Cultural Significance - The red color, known as "Baoyu Zhu," has been officially recognized and added to the traditional Chinese color palette, emphasizing its cultural importance [6]. - The article discusses various traditional Chinese colors, illustrating the rich heritage and aesthetic principles that have persisted over millennia [6].

Core Viewpoint - The interview with Professor Xu Feng highlights the significance of Liangzhu culture in understanding early state formation and its relationship with surrounding cultures, emphasizing the role of jade artifacts and ritual practices in establishing social hierarchies and religious beliefs [2][10][12]. Group 1: Liangzhu Culture and Early State Formation - Liangzhu culture is recognized as an early regional state form, supported by archaeological findings that indicate social stratification and a unified belief system during the late Neolithic period [10][12]. - The successful inclusion of the Liangzhu Ancient City site in the World Heritage List in 2019 has brought significant attention to its role in the origins of Chinese civilization [10][12]. - The concept of early states is complex, with various definitions and theories, but Liangzhu culture exemplifies a unique case of early state development characterized by agricultural economy and social differentiation [10][12][11]. Group 2: Jade Artifacts and Ritual Practices - Jade artifacts in Liangzhu culture are not merely decorative but are deeply embedded in the social and spiritual lives of its people, symbolizing status, identity, and religious significance [6][8]. - The aesthetic appreciation of jade reflects the advanced artistic capabilities of the Liangzhu people, indicating a sophisticated understanding of beauty and spirituality [6][8]. - Ritual practices involving jade, such as large-scale sacrificial ceremonies, suggest a complex social structure where religious and political powers were intertwined [17][32]. Group 3: Water Management and Political Power - The discovery of advanced water management systems in Liangzhu culture suggests a strong connection between agricultural practices and the emergence of political authority, aligning with theories of "hydraulic societies" [17][18]. - The political structure of Liangzhu is characterized as a composite of both royal and religious authority, indicating a unique governance model that integrated water management with social organization [17][18]. - The archaeological evidence of large-scale public works and social mobilization reflects the presence of a centralized authority capable of organizing labor for significant construction projects [14][19]. Group 4: Economic and Trade Dynamics - The Liangzhu region's geographical advantages facilitated trade and economic development, with waterways enhancing transportation and resource distribution [30][31]. - The emergence of a commodity economy during the Liangzhu period indicates a shift towards more complex social interactions and economic exchanges, contributing to social stratification [30][31]. - The relationship between agriculture, trade, and social complexity in Liangzhu culture underscores the importance of economic factors in the development of early states [30][31]. Group 5: Cultural Interactions and Influence - Liangzhu culture had a significant impact on surrounding regions, demonstrating a "siphoning effect" where resources and cultural practices were drawn towards the Liangzhu core [25][28]. - The interaction between Liangzhu and neighboring cultures reflects a dynamic exchange of ideas, materials, and technologies, contributing to the broader narrative of early Chinese civilization [25][28]. - The multi-centered nature of Liangzhu culture suggests a complex network of interactions among various settlements, each contributing to the overall cultural landscape of the region [24][25].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Jade Meets Civilization: Special Exhibition of Liangzhu Culture" opened at Shanghai University Museum, focusing on the relationship between jade artifacts and social culture through three thematic sections [1] Group 1: Exhibition Details - The exhibition features a total of 126 pieces (sets) of exhibits [1] - It is guided by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and hosted by Shanghai University [1] - The exhibition will run until January 23, 2026, and is free to the public [1] Group 2: Collaborative Institutions - The exhibition is co-organized by Shanghai University Museum, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Liangzhu Museum, and Huzhou Museum [1] - Support is provided by the Shanghai Jade Research and Appraisal Laboratory and the Shanghai University Cultural Heritage Science and Technology Research Institute [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the archaeological significance of the Maqiao culture in the Yangtze River Delta, highlighting its historical context and cultural characteristics as the last recognized archaeological culture in the region before the emergence of historical cultures like Wu and Yue [2][10]. Summary by Sections Discovery and Excavation - The Maqiao site was discovered in the late 1950s during the Great Leap Forward, with significant findings including various pottery and stone tools [3][4]. - The first scientific excavation was conducted by a small team of archaeologists, marking the beginning of scientific archaeology in Shanghai [3][4]. - Subsequent excavations revealed a stratified cultural layer, confirming the presence of Maqiao culture alongside earlier cultures like Liangzhu and Wu-Yue [4][5]. Cultural Characteristics - The Maqiao culture is characterized by its unique artifacts, including pottery, stone tools, and early bronze items, with a notable absence of high-grade jade artifacts [8][11]. - The culture reflects a transition from the advanced Liangzhu culture to a more primitive state, influenced by environmental changes and cultural exchanges with neighboring regions [10][11]. - The pottery from Maqiao culture includes various types such as red pottery and impressed pottery, showcasing a diversity of forms and decorative techniques [8][9]. Historical Context - The Maqiao culture dates back approximately 3,900 to 3,200 years, placing it in the early to mid Shang Dynasty, and is considered part of the Bronze Age cultural landscape of the Taihu basin [5][10]. - The findings suggest a decline in agricultural practices and a shift in subsistence strategies, with hunting becoming more prominent compared to earlier periods [10][11]. - Recent discoveries indicate the existence of urban settlements associated with Maqiao culture, challenging previous notions of its societal structure [12]. Archaeological Impact - The excavation of the Maqiao site has significantly advanced the understanding of Shanghai's historical timeline, suggesting human habitation as far back as 6,000 years ago [12]. - The research conducted at Maqiao has contributed to the broader understanding of cultural development in the Yangtze River Delta, emphasizing the importance of archaeological evidence in reconstructing historical narratives [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the Guangfulin culture, which emerged after the decline of the Liangzhu civilization, highlighting its archaeological importance and cultural connections in the Shanghai region [2][11]. Group 1: Archaeological Significance - The Guangfulin site is the largest archaeological site in Shanghai, with extensive excavations revealing a wealth of artifacts and cultural layers spanning from the Neolithic to the Zhou dynasty [3][4]. - Initial discoveries at Guangfulin began in 1958, with formal excavations starting in 1999, confirming an area exceeding 100,000 square meters, later expanded to approximately 150,000 square meters [3][4]. - The site has yielded evidence of multiple cultural layers, including the Songze culture, Liangzhu culture, Qianshanyang culture, and Guangfulin culture, providing insights into the region's historical development [5][8]. Group 2: Cultural Characteristics - The Guangfulin culture, identified as a local cultural phenomenon, existed for a brief period of about 200 years, connecting the late Neolithic Liangzhu culture with the early Xia and Shang dynasties [11][18]. - Artifacts from the Guangfulin culture include distinctive pottery types, such as tripod vessels and jade cong, which show influences from both local and northern cultures, indicating a blend of cultural elements [9][17]. - The burial practices and settlement structures of the Guangfulin culture reflect a lack of centralized authority and a diverse social structure, with evidence of rice cultivation and resource utilization from aquatic environments [15][20]. Group 3: Historical Context - The Guangfulin culture is positioned as a bridge between early civilizations along the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, filling gaps in the archaeological record of the Yangtze River Delta [11][18]. - The transition from the Liangzhu culture to the Guangfulin culture is marked by significant environmental changes and cultural interactions, leading to the eventual emergence of the Maqiao culture [20]. - The findings at Guangfulin contribute to understanding the socio-economic conditions and technological advancements in the region during the Zhou dynasty, including the development of bronze casting techniques [10][19].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significance of the Liangzhu site, known as "China's First City," due to its extensive archaeological findings, including large city sites, high-status burial grounds, altars, and exquisite jade artifacts, which date back 5,300 to 4,300 years [1][7]. Archaeological History of Liangzhu - The discovery of the Liangzhu site began 90 years ago in 1936 when archaeologist Shi Xinger identified ancient artifacts, leading to extensive excavations that revealed a rich cultural heritage [2][3]. - The Liangzhu culture was formally named in 1959, with ongoing archaeological work clarifying its characteristics, including distinctive pottery and jade artifacts [3][4]. Characteristics of Liangzhu Culture - Liangzhu culture is marked by its advanced jade craftsmanship, with over 7,000 jade items discovered, including ritual objects and burial goods, reflecting a complex social structure and belief system [11][12]. - The site features a sophisticated urban layout, including a central palace area, city walls, and a water management system, indicating a highly organized society [7][8]. Decline of Liangzhu Culture - The decline of Liangzhu culture, which thrived for over a millennium, is attributed to both natural disasters, such as flooding, and social factors, including internal strife and external pressures [13][14][15]. - Evidence suggests that after the culture's decline, remnants of the population may have migrated to other regions, leading to the emergence of new cultural identities, such as the Qianshanyang culture [16][17].

Core Points - The Liangzhu Ancient City site has been officially listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, recognized as a testament to 5,000 years of Chinese civilization and a treasure of world civilization [1][3] - The site has implemented advanced protection systems using new technologies and traditional culture to enhance economic and social development [1][4] - The Liangzhu Forum has been established as a platform for cultural exchange and dialogue, promoting the understanding and appreciation of Chinese civilization [1][13] Group 1: Heritage Protection and Research - The Liangzhu site is utilizing plant essential oils as a "skincare product" to inhibit moss growth, which can damage the site [3][4] - A new laboratory dedicated to the protection of earthen sites in humid environments is set to open in 2024, enhancing preservation efforts [3][4] - Recent archaeological findings at the site include over 20 water dams and four north-south earth mounds, showcasing the social mobilization capabilities of the Liangzhu civilization [4][5] Group 2: Cultural and Economic Development - The Liangzhu cultural corridor is being developed, integrating various cultural and creative projects, with 74 key cultural projects launched this year [9][13] - The local economy is benefiting from the cultural heritage, with over 1,500 enterprises established in the Liangzhu New Town, contributing to the digital cultural industry [8][9] - The Liangzhu culture has inspired numerous creative products, with hundreds of items available across various categories, enhancing local cultural identity [9][10] Group 3: International Collaboration and Dialogue - The Liangzhu site has engaged in international dialogue with other world heritage sites, promoting cultural exchange and understanding [11][12] - The Liangzhu Forum has become a significant platform for civilizational dialogue among countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative [13] - The Liangzhu culture is increasingly recognized globally, serving as a window for the dissemination of Chinese culture [13]