记者丨王峰 编辑丨李博 当AI已经深刻重塑教育和就业，应试教育、分数竞争将何去何从？ 在近日举行的中国教育三十人论坛第十二届年会上，中国教育学会名誉会长顾明远提出，教育改革的核 心是不能让80%学生为20%精英"陪跑"，教育不能过于"育分"而非"育人"。 顾明远认为，要改变这一状况，必须实现三大转变：从以"教"为本转向以"学"为本，从"育分"转向"育 人"，从被动学习转向主动学习。这一切的起点是激发学生兴趣，因为"没有兴趣就没有学习"。 这引起了参会专家的热烈讨论。除了理论和观点的碰撞，诸多创新实践也显示了蓬勃的生命力。 从追求"优秀"到勇闯"无人区" "在AI时代，能力远比分数重要，但这一观点却与东亚地区看重学历的传统观念相悖。"美国斯坦福大学 人工智能、机器人与未来教育中心主任蒋里说。 他表示，传统刷题体系下成长起来的孩子，面临的问题不是简单的技能过时，而是底层思维的根本性冲 突。 蒋里谈到，在计算机这类实践性极强的领域，有些学生成绩斐然，考试和作业近乎完美，但因缺乏真实 项目的动手经验，求职时反而屡屡碰壁。相比之下，另一些或许成绩平平，却热衷于实践挑战，比如那 些能轻易"攻破"学校服务器的学生，反而因其 ...

Core Insights - The impact of AI on education is profound, transitioning from a mere tool revolution to a catalyst for educational reform [2] - The forum discussed the dual nature of AI's influence on education, highlighting both its benefits and drawbacks [2] Group 1: AI's Role in Education - AI can enhance teaching efficiency and broaden students' knowledge, but it also poses risks such as facilitating cheating and undermining critical thinking [2] - The traditional examination system, which emphasizes memorization, is at odds with AI capabilities, necessitating a reform in assessment methods [3] - Suggestions include using AI to generate challenging questions that promote deep thinking and exploration among students [4] Group 2: Educational Assessment Challenges - The current educational evaluation system may exacerbate student burdens due to frequent standardized testing driven by technology [5] - AI could narrow educational assessments by focusing on comparative performance among peers, potentially increasing educational inequality [5] - The need for a natural integration of AI into education rather than forced administrative implementation is emphasized [5] Group 3: Opportunities for Reform - AI presents a chance to reconnect learning and assessment, shifting focus from rote knowledge to understanding and cognitive expansion [7] - Teachers can leverage AI to observe diverse learning styles and redesign educational environments to meet varied needs [8] - Recommendations include maintaining foundational knowledge without AI reliance, combining open and closed book assessments, and ensuring personal evaluation by teachers [8]

Core Viewpoint - The impact of AI on education is profound, transforming it from a mere tool revolution to a fundamental educational revolution, necessitating a reevaluation of traditional assessment methods [2] Group 1: AI's Impact on Education - AI enhances teaching efficiency and expands students' knowledge but also facilitates cheating and undermines critical thinking [2] - The intersection of AI and exam-oriented education raises questions about academic competition anxiety and the need for new evaluation methods [2] - AI's ability to make knowledge readily available diminishes its scarcity, leading to a need for reform in assessment systems to focus on understanding and application rather than rote memorization [2] Group 2: Educational Strategies and Teacher Roles - Teachers should design challenging questions and utilize AI to encourage deep thinking and exploration among students [3] - The essence of education should return to learning, with students taking more responsibility for their education through AI, while teachers transition to coaching roles [3] Group 3: Negative Consequences of AI in Education - AI may exacerbate unreasonable educational evaluations, increasing students' academic burdens [4] - The misuse of technology can lead to frequent standardized testing, contributing to heavier workloads for students [5] - AI could narrow educational assessments, focusing on peer comparisons and neglecting individual potential, potentially increasing educational inequality [6] Group 4: Opportunities for Improvement - AI presents a significant opportunity to integrate learning and assessment, moving away from superficial knowledge testing [7] - The focus should shift from what students know to how they learn and expand their understanding, allowing for a more adaptive and interactive learning environment [8] - Recommendations include combining open-book and closed-book exams, ensuring foundational knowledge without over-reliance on AI, and maintaining personal assessments by teachers [8]

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of strict hairstyle regulations in schools has sparked controversy, with opinions divided on the necessity and appropriateness of such rules in modern education [1][2]. Group 1: Hairstyle Regulations - Many schools across the country have issued "hairstyle orders" as students return to school, with some parents reporting that their children's hairstyles, despite being compliant with basic guidelines, were still deemed "unqualified" by teachers [1]. - The rationale behind these regulations is to standardize behavior and enhance students' learning motivation, aiming to improve their overall spirit [1]. Group 2: Public Reaction and Educational Philosophy - There is significant public debate regarding the relevance of strict hairstyle rules, with some arguing that such regulations are outdated and unnecessary in 2025 [1][2]. - Critics suggest that schools should focus more on educational quality and respect individual growth and differences among students, rather than enforcing uniformity through hairstyle regulations [2].

Group 1 - The article discusses the dichotomy between learning and pleasure, highlighting the struggle many students face in balancing academic responsibilities with personal enjoyment [3][20] - It emphasizes the shift in perspective that occurs in university, where students may find genuine interest in their major courses, contrasting with the earlier view of learning as a chore [4][5] - The importance of intrinsic motivation in learning is underscored, suggesting that interest in a subject can lead to more effective and enjoyable study experiences [6][20] Group 2 - The article critiques the traditional education system, particularly the high-stakes nature of exams like the Gaokao, which can disadvantage students with specific strengths [20] - It points out the limitations of standardized testing, arguing that it does not reflect the realities of professional success, which often relies on specialization rather than a broad skill set [20] - The narrative also touches on the value of pursuing personal interests and hobbies, such as comedy, which can provide fulfillment outside of academic achievements [16][20]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need for an education system that caters to the growth of every student, moving away from exam-oriented education that harms the majority [3][10][101] - The speaker reflects on the inadequacies of the exam-oriented education system, which primarily benefits a small number of students while neglecting the majority [6][10][12] - The transition from exam-oriented education to a more holistic approach, integrating vocational and adult education into rural schooling, is highlighted as a significant reform [14][15][42] Group 2 - The challenges faced in implementing vocational education in rural areas, including lack of resources and qualified teachers, are discussed [14][21][66] - The establishment of agricultural programs in vocational education is noted as a successful strategy to connect students with their rural roots and provide practical skills [15][16][30] - The importance of fostering a supportive environment for students, including free vocational education and community engagement, is emphasized [18][19][20] Group 3 - The speaker advocates for an education system that focuses on students' strengths rather than attempting to remediate their weaknesses, aligning with the theory of multiple intelligences [33][37][38] - The concept of "goal-oriented education" is introduced, aiming to help students identify their long-term and short-term goals, thus promoting personal development [42][43][44] - The integration of arts and sports into the curriculum is presented as a means to enhance student engagement and well-being [47][49][84] Group 4 - The speaker discusses the importance of classroom teaching reforms that prioritize quality over quantity, advocating for a focus on essential knowledge and skills rather than excessive practice [87][88][91] - The shift in educational values from knowledge and exam scores to fostering students' overall development and character is highlighted as crucial for effective education [101][102] - The speaker reflects on the need for a cultural shift in education, moving away from a purely exam-focused approach to one that values individual growth and potential [100][103]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of AI's ability to excel in standardized tests like the Gaokao, raising questions about human value and the future of education in an AI-dominated world [1][2]. Group 1: AI Performance in Education - AI has demonstrated the capability to achieve scores comparable to top universities like Tsinghua and Peking University in the Gaokao, indicating significant advancements in AI's reasoning and knowledge application [1][5]. - The structured nature of standardized tests aligns well with AI's strengths, making it a suitable environment for AI to showcase its capabilities [5][6]. - The performance of human students has also improved, with many achieving high scores due to new grading systems, indicating a competitive educational landscape [6]. Group 2: Human vs. AI Capabilities - Achieving high scores in exams does not equate to possessing the same level of mathematical ability as top human mathematicians, as AI excels in rote learning and structured problem-solving rather than abstract thinking [6][7]. - The distinction between AI's capabilities in basic mathematics and the creative, problem-defining skills of human mathematicians highlights a fundamental gap between AI and human intelligence [7][8]. Group 3: The Role of AI in Daily Life and Work - AI tools have significantly enhanced productivity in various tasks, from organizing notes to generating creative content, demonstrating their utility in both personal and professional settings [10][11]. - The integration of AI into workflows has transformed how individuals gather information and learn new subjects, emphasizing the importance of AI in modern knowledge acquisition [12][13]. Group 4: Future of Education and Employment - The rapid advancement of AI suggests that traditional educational paths may need to adapt, with a focus on skills that AI cannot easily replicate, such as creativity and critical thinking [30][31]. - There is a growing concern that high-paying jobs in both liberal arts and sciences may be threatened by AI, prompting discussions on the necessity of acquiring skills that are less likely to be automated [30][31]. Group 5: The Impact of AI on Social Inequality - While AI has the potential to democratize access to information and education, it may also exacerbate existing inequalities, as those with the ability to effectively utilize AI tools will have greater advantages [39][40]. - The disparity in access to technology and the skills required to leverage AI effectively could lead to a widening gap between different socio-economic groups [40][41]. Group 6: The Future of Human-AI Collaboration - The conversation emphasizes the importance of human qualities such as curiosity, motivation, and the ability to define problems, which AI currently lacks [31][32]. - The role of education should shift from merely preparing students for exams to fostering self-development and adaptability in a rapidly changing world influenced by AI [33][34].

Group 1 - The article discusses the cultural reference of "Kong Yiji" and its relation to the modern concept of "test-takers," highlighting the differences between the two [1][2][3] - It emphasizes that while "Kong Yiji" had a passion for his studies and a sense of social responsibility, modern test-takers are primarily driven by utilitarian motives [3][4] - The article contrasts the diligence of modern test-takers with the laziness of "Kong Yiji," suggesting that if "Kong Yiji" had the same work ethic, he could have achieved financial success [7][8] Group 2 - The narrative draws parallels between "Kong Yiji" and "Lao She’s" character "Camel Xiangzi," indicating that modern test-takers, like "Xiangzi," aspire to improve their lives through hard work [9][10] - It concludes that both "Kong Yiji" and "Xiangzi" are tragic figures, while suggesting that a more successful archetype could be found in the Wei-Jin literati, who balanced leisure and intellectual pursuits [10]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the phenomenon of individuals from small towns in China, referred to as "small town exam-takers," who break free from traditional educational paths and achieve success in various fields, particularly in sports and entertainment [1][2]. Group 1: Success Stories - Su Bingtian, a sprinter from a small town, became known as Asia's fastest man, showcasing the potential of individuals from less privileged backgrounds [2]. - Wu Yanni, born in 1997, has made significant strides in athletics, winning the national championship in the 100m hurdles with a time of 12.93 seconds and setting a national record in the 60m hurdles at 8.01 seconds [4][6]. - Wu Yanni's success is attributed to her family education, particularly her mother's progressive views on confidence and self-presentation in sports [5][6]. Group 2: Educational Philosophy - Wu Yanni's mother, Xiong Yan, emphasizes the importance of confidence over traditional notions of hard work, arguing that a confident athlete can inspire audiences more than mere results [5][6]. - The article highlights the challenges faced by parents in providing the right educational path for their children, especially those without resources, and the importance of listening to professional advice [6][7]. Group 3: Marketability and Cultural Impact - Wu Yanni's unique style and confidence have made her a marketable figure, attracting brands like Adidas and Taobao, which recognize her appeal to younger generations [7][8]. - The article suggests that Wu Yanni represents a new language that resonates with the youth, blending sports with lifestyle and cultural trends [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the journey of Li Yinuo, a former McKinsey partner, who transitioned from a high-paying corporate job to a philanthropic role at the Gates Foundation, ultimately leading to her founding an educational institution in China. Group 1: Career Transition - In 2015, Li Yinuo, a 37-year-old PhD from the University of California, was invited to dinner by Bill Gates, which led her to leave her $1 million job at McKinsey, where she was a global partner [1][3] - Despite receiving numerous offers from headhunters, Li Yinuo was not interested in changing jobs until Gates personally reached out to her [1][3] - Gates sought Li Yinuo for her expertise to help manage his foundation's efforts, particularly in addressing global health issues like malaria [4][8] Group 2: Philanthropic Impact - Gates expressed concern over the disparity in funding for malaria research compared to other less critical health issues, highlighting a significant imbalance in global health priorities [6] - Li Yinuo was inspired by the mission of the Gates Foundation and decided to become its CEO in China, despite a salary cut of more than half compared to her previous job [8] - Through her role, she contributed to poverty alleviation efforts in China and gained insights into the educational and employment challenges in remote areas [8][10] Group 3: Educational Entrepreneurship - After a year, Li Yinuo founded her own school, "Yitu Education," aiming to create a nurturing learning environment for children, moving away from traditional exam-oriented education [11] - Despite initial struggles in securing investment and attracting students, her school eventually stabilized and began to thrive by 2020 [11] - Li Yinuo's journey serves as an inspiration for women, demonstrating that they can achieve both personal and professional success [13][15]