同时，药物、食物成瘾问题日益严重。在过去，各种毒品不断迭代，令西方社会头疼不已；如今，一些 看似"体面"的公司巧妙地诱导人们对垃圾食品上瘾，成为新隐患。 一些食品公司是罪魁祸首之一，它们在产品中精心调配糖、盐和脂肪的比例，使其具有令消费者难以抗 拒的吸引力。超过2/5的美国人体重达到肥胖标准。加上数字公司设计的巧妙算法，让我们不停地点击 和滑动屏幕，疯狂购入高糖高盐食品。 虚假信息混淆视听 令人成瘾的不光是垃圾食品，海量的碎片化信息同样让人欲罢不能。互联网已成为一台分散注意力的机 器：新闻标题铺天盖地，电子邮件不断涌来，特价优惠不断弹出。但这只是众多干扰因素之一：24小时 新闻节目中还在提供更多信息，汽车配备了全方位娱乐系统。在这个喧嚣新世界中成长起来的年轻人发 现，他们很难长时间集中注意力或完成复杂的任务。所谓的"弗林效应"（即平均智商在过去几十年里持 续上升）自本世纪初以来已出现逆转迹象。 美国彭博社 11 月 26 日文章，原题：西方世界正面临可怕的新 " 巨人 " 第二次世界大战的胜利不仅体现在 刀光剑影的战场上，也为后世带来福祉。早在1942年，英国政府曾承诺，一旦纳粹战败，就要消除英国 经济学家威 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the concerns surrounding over-reliance on artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, and its potential negative impact on human cognitive abilities and critical thinking skills [1][10][18]. Group 1: Over-Reliance on AI - The rapid adoption of ChatGPT has led to over 800 million weekly active users, indicating its integration into daily life and work [1]. - Over-reliance on AI can result in "execution errors," where users blindly accept AI outputs without proper verification, leading to mistakes [2][3]. - Examples of over-reliance include HR personnel depending on AI for candidate screening and students submitting AI-generated essays without review [3][4]. Group 2: Cognitive Offloading and Its Effects - Cognitive offloading refers to the tendency to transfer cognitive tasks to AI, which may diminish individuals' ability to perform these tasks independently [2][4]. - The increasing use of AI in various fields, such as medical diagnostics, can lead to a decline in critical thinking and independent decision-making [2][3]. - The phenomenon of cognitive offloading is becoming a second nature for individuals, impacting their cognitive skills negatively [2][3]. Group 3: Impact on Critical Thinking - Research indicates a significant correlation between frequent AI use and lower critical thinking abilities, particularly among younger users [6][10]. - Studies show that while AI can enhance work efficiency, it may erode the cognitive skills necessary for critical judgment, leading to long-term dependency on AI [6][10]. - The rise of AI-driven social media algorithms further exacerbates the decline in critical thinking by promoting easily digestible but shallow information [7][10]. Group 4: Decline in Global IQ - The article references the "Flynn effect," which observed a rise in global IQ over decades, but recent trends indicate a potential decline in IQ scores in developed countries [14][15]. - Factors contributing to this decline include stagnant education quality and increased passive media consumption, which may hinder cognitive engagement [15][16]. - Studies suggest that reliance on AI for memory-related tasks can lead to a decrease in individual memory capabilities, supporting the idea of "use it or lose it" [16][17]. Group 5: The Future of Human Cognition - The article emphasizes the need to view AI as a cognitive partner rather than a replacement for human thought processes [18]. - It calls for a focus on developing critical thinking and other uniquely human skills to ensure that individuals do not become redundant in an AI-driven world [18][19]. - The potential for AI to reshape societal structures and values necessitates a careful examination of its impacts on human cognition and behavior [12][18].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human intelligence, emphasizing the concept of "cognitive offloading" and the potential risks of over-reliance on AI tools [6][8][10]. Group 1: Cognitive Offloading and Its Implications - Cognitive offloading refers to the phenomenon where reliance on AI can lead to a decline in specific cognitive skills, such as memory and critical thinking [7][8]. - The article highlights that while AI can enhance efficiency, it may simultaneously suppress individual critical thinking abilities, leading to a dependency that diminishes problem-solving skills when AI is unavailable [9][10]. - The concept of "Flint Effect" is introduced, indicating that average IQ levels have been declining in recent years, potentially linked to factors like social media and AI reliance [10][11]. Group 2: The Role of Education in the AI Era - The article advocates for a shift towards "scoreless learning," suggesting that traditional grading systems should be replaced with more meaningful learning tasks that foster critical skills [19][20]. - It emphasizes the need for educational systems to cultivate abilities such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity, which are essential in the AI age [22][23]. - The importance of humanities education is underscored, as it nurtures the unique human qualities that AI cannot replicate, such as empathy and personal experience [24][27]. Group 3: AI's Limitations and Human Uniqueness - The article argues that while AI excels in language processing and certain logical reasoning tasks, it lacks the depth of human intelligence, particularly in emotional and experiential understanding [15][17]. - It posits that AI's current capabilities do not equate to true understanding or consciousness, and there remains a significant gap between machine intelligence and human intelligence [16][18]. - The discussion includes the notion that AI-generated content often lacks the "soul" and diversity found in human-created works, raising concerns about the homogenization of creative expression [26][27].