每一次技术革命都伴随着"降智"与"懒思"的担忧。这一次，我们的脑力是得以解放，还是会 因将思考外包给无面孔的算法而逐渐退化? 01 过度依赖与认知卸载 ChatGPT在上线三年后，周活跃用户数破8亿，业已成为许多人工作不可或缺的生产力工具，融入日常 生活的速度也在进一步加快。山姆·阿尔特曼在发布这一最新数据时说："感谢大家，AI已从人们把玩的 东西，转变为每天用来构建东西的工具。" 然而大模型的火爆也衍生了一个非预期后果——出现对人工智能的过度依赖。所谓"过度依赖"，是指人 们对人工智能系统的输出过分信任或依赖，哪怕这些结果是错误的或不可靠的，也会照单全收。 换言之，用户在没有经过充分判断或验证的情况下，盲目采纳AI的建议，从而导致错误——业界称之 为"执行性错误"。这种情况通常发生在用户并不完全了解以下内容时：AI能做什么（它的功能与适用范 围）；AI能做得多好（它的准确性与局限性）；以及AI是如何工作的（它的逻辑、数据来源或决策机 制）。 过度依赖可能导致现实问题和错误丛生，最终令人们丧失对AI系统的信任。不过担忧还不止于此。虽 然AI能够提升某些认知能力，但人们害怕，过度依赖 AI，或许会使自己变得懒于 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human intelligence, emphasizing the concept of "cognitive offloading" and the potential risks of over-reliance on AI tools [6][8][10]. Group 1: Cognitive Offloading and Its Implications - Cognitive offloading refers to the phenomenon where reliance on AI can lead to a decline in specific cognitive skills, such as memory and critical thinking [7][8]. - The article highlights that while AI can enhance efficiency, it may simultaneously suppress individual critical thinking abilities, leading to a dependency that diminishes problem-solving skills when AI is unavailable [9][10]. - The concept of "Flint Effect" is introduced, indicating that average IQ levels have been declining in recent years, potentially linked to factors like social media and AI reliance [10][11]. Group 2: The Role of Education in the AI Era - The article advocates for a shift towards "scoreless learning," suggesting that traditional grading systems should be replaced with more meaningful learning tasks that foster critical skills [19][20]. - It emphasizes the need for educational systems to cultivate abilities such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity, which are essential in the AI age [22][23]. - The importance of humanities education is underscored, as it nurtures the unique human qualities that AI cannot replicate, such as empathy and personal experience [24][27]. Group 3: AI's Limitations and Human Uniqueness - The article argues that while AI excels in language processing and certain logical reasoning tasks, it lacks the depth of human intelligence, particularly in emotional and experiential understanding [15][17]. - It posits that AI's current capabilities do not equate to true understanding or consciousness, and there remains a significant gap between machine intelligence and human intelligence [16][18]. - The discussion includes the notion that AI-generated content often lacks the "soul" and diversity found in human-created works, raising concerns about the homogenization of creative expression [26][27].