批判性思维听起来是比较抽象的，那我今天想展示它怎么样可以帮到我们的 生活。我们先来聊一聊评价。 一、面对评价 你有没有受到过别人的评价？尤其是一些负面的评价？有的话可以鼓鼓掌。非常地常见。 大家好，我是郭兆凡。我是C计划的联合创始人。C计划是一个做批判性思维教育的机构。我们主要培训的是儿童，教孩子怎么更理性、更独立地思考， 相信一些更靠谱的观念，然后做出更好的选择。 如果有人说你很胖。听到这样的评价你会是什么感受呢？你可能觉得挺伤心的。我们会有一些负面的情绪，很正常。但是之后呢？我们怎么去看待别人对 我们的评价呢？ 方法一：区分事实与观点 我们可以首先思考的一个问题，就是：这句话是事实，还是观点？ 事实和观点的区分，是批判性思维一个非常基础的能力。什么是事实？比如说我们把这个门关上，这个屋子里我们说今天有200个人，这句话是事实。它 可能是真的可能是假的，但是我们可以去数，有标准答案。但是如果说"这里有30个人很胖"，你可能就要想一想算不算我自己呢？因为胖瘦是没有标准答 案的。 我们先来做一些小的练习，你们可以喊出来。 "梵高是一个伟大的画家"，是事实还是观点？有人说事实。因为你可能觉得梵高的画卖得非常的贵， ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of maintaining human individuality and independent thinking in the face of advancing AI technology, as highlighted by prominent figures like Ke Jie, Xu Yangsheng, and Mo Yan [1][2][4] - Ke Jie’s experience of being defeated by AlphaGo serves as a pivotal moment that illustrates the gap between human cognitive abilities and AI, leading him to pursue further education and personal growth [1][4] - The discussion around AI's impact on education stresses that universities should nurture unique human traits rather than producing standardized talents, reinforcing the value of critical thinking and creativity [2][3] Group 2 - Xu Yangsheng, president of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), warns against outsourcing critical thinking to AI, emphasizing that independent thought is essential for human innovation and progress [3] - Mo Yan, a Nobel laureate, acknowledges the inevitability of AI but points out its limitations in creativity and emotional depth, advocating for the uniqueness of human expression [3][4] - The collective insights from these leaders converge on the notion that human value lies not in competing with AI on computational strength but in preserving the distinct qualities that define humanity [4][5]

Core Insights - The article discusses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education, emphasizing the need for critical thinking skills alongside AI advancements [1][2][3] Group 1: AI in Education - The Chinese government has issued opinions on implementing AI in education, promoting human-machine collaboration and shifting focus from knowledge transmission to capability enhancement [1] - Experts highlight the limitations of current AI technologies, such as data bias and algorithmic hallucinations, stressing the importance of not solely relying on AI for problem-solving [1][2] Group 2: Importance of Critical Thinking - Critical thinking is identified as a core competency necessary for talent development in the AI era, with experts advocating for its integration into both basic and higher education [2][4] - The cultivation of questioning skills is emphasized as a foundational aspect of critical thinking education, with a consensus that the ability to ask good questions is more important than simply knowing the answers [2][4] Group 3: Educational Frameworks and Methods - The article suggests that current engineering education lacks systematic approaches to integrate critical thinking, proposing a structured framework that connects knowledge, skills, and methods [5] - The shift towards blended learning environments is noted, with educators encouraged to adopt roles as learning designers to facilitate student autonomy in AI-enhanced classrooms [4][5]

Core Perspective - The article emphasizes the need to shift from an education system that prioritizes being "useful tools" to one that fosters "interesting individuals" in response to changing societal needs and technological advancements [2][6]. Group 1: Changing Societal Context - The current generation is experiencing a "singularity moment" characterized by material abundance, where survival is no longer the primary concern, shifting focus to quality of life and personal fulfillment [3][4]. - The rapid advancement of technology, particularly AI, is diminishing the value of traditional skills, necessitating a redefinition of both work and social roles [4][5]. Group 2: Educational Recommendations - Education should aim to cultivate empathy in children by exposing them to global inequalities, fostering a sense of responsibility and a broader worldview [6]. - Encouraging children to discover their true passions and align them with their innate talents is crucial, as future competition will hinge on creativity and uniqueness rather than mere skills [7]. - Children must be guided to develop their own value systems and critical thinking skills, enabling them to navigate a complex world and define their own sense of purpose [8].

Group 1 - The core idea is that AI agents will take over mundane tasks, allowing humans to focus on more creative and enjoyable activities [2][5][6] - Perplexity's differentiated strategy focuses on providing accurate answers, directly challenging the traditional ad-revenue model of search engines [2][5] - The ultimate goal of AI is to integrate into the operating system level, rather than just functioning as a simple chatbot [2][20] Group 2 - AI will replace humans in repetitive tasks such as bill payments, hotel bookings, and information processing, enhancing efficiency [5][6][8] - The future internet experience will be more personalized, with AI proactively recommending content while preserving user autonomy [7][12] - Curiosity is emphasized as a crucial human trait in the AI era, driving exploration and the effective use of AI tools [7][9][13] Group 3 - Critical thinking is identified as one of the most important skills for the new generation of internet users, enabling them to navigate biased information [10][13] - AI can assist in filtering information and providing accurate content, helping users avoid misinformation [14][13] - Perplexity aims to maintain user engagement by allowing active participation in the information retrieval process [15][16] Group 4 - Perplexity's focus is on accuracy and knowledge density, distinguishing itself from general-purpose AI assistants [17][24] - The system routes queries to different models based on the type of information requested, ensuring efficient and accurate responses [18][19] - The design philosophy prioritizes user experience by integrating AI capabilities into familiar browser environments [20][21] Group 5 - The company envisions a future where the browser evolves into a more comprehensive application, potentially replacing traditional operating systems [26][28] - Building a browser that can perform various tasks requires collaboration with hardware manufacturers and software developers [28][29] - The long-term vision includes creating an AI-native operating system, with the browser serving as a foundational element [29][30]

Group 1 - The article discusses the phenomenon of motivational quotes, often referred to as "chicken soup for the soul," and how they provide emotional comfort without leading to real personal growth [1][4][7] - It highlights the existence of opposing motivational sayings, indicating that for almost every inspirational quote, there is a contrasting perspective that also holds value [2][5] - The underlying psychology of these quotes is explored, emphasizing that they often reinforce existing beliefs rather than challenge them, leading to a form of self-validation [3][6] Group 2 - The article points out that while motivational quotes can offer temporary relief, true growth requires self-awareness, a growth mindset, and actionable steps [7][8][10] - It warns against the dangers of oversimplification and the potential for these quotes to hinder critical thinking, leading to inaction or blind optimism [9] - The importance of learning from setbacks and reflecting on experiences is emphasized as a more valuable approach than relying solely on motivational sayings [10][11]

Group 1 - Critical thinking is a rare yet essential skill in today's information-rich and uncertain environment, involving continuous questioning and deep analysis rather than quick conclusions [1] - The ability to recruit top talent is a strategic management function, with research indicating that exceptional talent can be up to eight times more productive than average talent, highlighting the link between talent quality and company performance [3] - Traditional interview processes often fail to effectively assess critical thinking skills, which encompass a range of abilities including reasoning, constructing logical arguments, and identifying flaws or biases in situations [3][4] Group 2 - The Socratic method, which emphasizes asking more questions rather than focusing solely on answers, is an effective strategy for cultivating critical thinking in recruitment [5] - Reverse interviews, where candidates interview the company, can reveal candidates' intrinsic strengths, work preferences, and thought processes, providing insights into their leadership qualities [6] - A structured four-step process for conducting reverse interviews includes framing a scenario, guiding candidates to ask relevant questions, interpreting their understanding, and prompting them to outline immediate actions [10][11][12] Group 3 - Candidates who excel in reverse interviews demonstrate a mindset of critical thinking, which is a highly sought-after yet often scarce skill among team members [19] - Companies that foster a culture of curiosity and encourage questioning can transform challenges into opportunities, allowing for more agile responses to changes in the business environment [20] - The importance of nurturing a curious culture is emphasized, as diverse teams can enhance problem-solving processes and amplify the impact of curiosity within the organization [16]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of independent thinking in an AI-driven world, arguing that true independent thought goes beyond merely consuming information and requires deeper emotional and cognitive engagement [1][2]. Group 1: Understanding Independent Thinking - Independent thinking is not merely about information acquisition or following trends; it involves pausing to critically analyze and reflect on information [3][4]. - Genuine independent thought requires self-inquiry before expressing opinions, asking oneself if they truly understand the subject matter and what their personal feelings are [5]. Group 2: The Role of Emotions in Thinking - The foundation of independent thinking is emotional awareness, where initial emotional reactions to information serve as a starting point for deeper inquiry [6][7][8]. Group 3: Critical Thinking - Critical thinking involves recognizing the boundaries of arguments rather than simply criticizing them; it requires a thorough examination of viewpoints [9]. Group 4: AI as a Tool - AI should be viewed as a tool to enhance thinking rather than a replacement for it; individuals should engage in self-reflection before consulting AI [10][12]. Group 5: Developing Inner Awareness - There is a need to cultivate an "inner sense" to better understand one's emotions and thoughts, which can enhance independent thinking [13]. Group 6: Exercises to Enhance Thinking - The article suggests four exercises to foster active thinking: keeping an emotion diary, challenging accepted viewpoints, creating a question list before using AI, and practicing mindfulness meditation [14][17]. Group 7: Conclusion - Despite AI's capabilities, it cannot replicate personal experiences, emotions, and insights, which are essential for genuine thought processes [18][19].

AI and Education - The tech industry emphasizes the continued importance of learning mathematics, reasoning, logic, and computer programming, even with advancements in AI [1] - The industry suggests developing a deep-thinking mindset to interact with AI, define problems, and critically assess AI's solutions [1] Critical Thinking - The tech sector highlights the significance of critical thinking and reasoning from first principles, despite AI's problem-solving capabilities [1] - The industry stresses the need for discernment in evaluating the accuracy of AI's responses [1]

Core Insights - The rapid development of AI is significantly impacting life sciences research, emphasizing the need for critical thinking and foundational research skills among students [1][3]. Group 1: AI in Research - AI tools like AlphaFold enable precise predictions of protein structures, allowing researchers to explore vast numbers of homologous structures and their genetic sequences [3][4]. - The breakthrough in protein structure prediction by AlphaFold allows a shift in biological research methodologies, enabling a reverse approach from biophysics to biological functions, thus uncovering new phenomena and mechanisms [4]. Group 2: Educational Recommendations - Students, regardless of their research focus, should prioritize foundational training in scientific logic and critical thinking to effectively utilize AI advancements [3][4]. - Collaboration among students, principal investigators (PIs), and interdisciplinary exchanges is encouraged to enhance research outcomes and leverage AI as a supportive tool [4].