来源：光明日报 当前，人工智能发展迅速，各个领域都将发生巨变。教育作为传承文明、塑造未来的重要事业，面临着 前所未有的机遇与挑战。当AI可以提供海量信息、瞬间生成文本、解答数学难题时，教育的核心价值 正在于培养那些"不可自动化"的能力——批判性思维、情感认知、价值判断等。"不可自动化"的能力需 要"不可自动化"的训练，需要人文素养的守护、教育创新的加持。 基础知识是数智时代的认知基石 人工智能时代，知识获取方式正经历深刻变革。面对信息爆炸与AI冲击，如何高效学习并内化知识， 成为教育的关键命题。 扎实的基础知识，如同大厦之地基，需要千锤百炼的练习、锲而不舍的记忆和熟读成诵的积淀。认知科 学研究揭示，记忆与创新并非对立，无论是发现问题还是解决问题，均依赖记忆系统的支持。"熟读唐 诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟"生动诠释了记忆对创新的促进作用。一遍遍朗诵，积累的不仅是字句本 身，更是对声韵节奏的细腻体悟，对语言之美的深层感知。这一规律在艺术教育中同样表现显著：创新 性创作往往源于严格的传统训练，正如毕加索所言："像专业人士一样学会规则，才能像艺术家一样打 破它们。" 因此，在数智时代，记忆、练习与知识积累仍具有不可替代 ...

试卷反映社会风貌，关注时代精神。积累运用部分选择有关脑机接口技术发展前景的材料，促发考生思 考科技与人文的关系。社科类文本聚焦社会科学研究方法中的"访谈"，有助于培育求真务实的科学精神 和严谨系统的学术意识。文学作品《修补时间的人》引导考生在城市发展中重新思考文化传承的意义， 主动成为文化的守护者和传承者。 写作题创设开放的思考空间，引导考生结合自身的学习和生活经验，分析"井水不犯河水"和"横竖都是 水，可以相通"的内涵，深入思考日常语言中蕴含的智慧和价值，使高考作文的思辨性扎根于现实关怀 的土壤，实现与时代精神的共振。 （来源：上观新闻） 1月3日上午，2026年上海市普通高校春季招生统一文化考试语文科目考试结束后，市教育考试院邀请相 关专家对试卷进行了评析。 专家一致认为，2026年春考语文试卷充分落实立德树人根本任务，考查学科核心素养，积极引导教学， 有利于科学选拔人才。 一、发挥育人作用，弘扬时代精神 试卷取材广泛，引导考生在科技应用中展望未来，在社会实践中关注当下，在城市发展中珍视文化，充 分体现以文化人的教学导向。 试卷注重弘扬中华优秀传统文化。全卷以默写《离骚》名句开篇，启示考生不断追求"心之所 ...

Core Insights - Reflection is crucial for CEOs to gain clarity and develop effective strategies in high-pressure environments [1][3][21] - CEOs often struggle to find time for deep reflection due to the complexity and demands of their roles [2][4][8] Group 1: Importance of Reflection - In a high-pressure and complex work environment, busy and urgent tasks often consume all of a CEO's time, leading to a sacrifice of deep reflection [21] - Reflection serves as a tool for anticipating future risks and opportunities, allowing CEOs to better understand employees, customers, competitors, and their own market positioning [22] - Structured reflection is more effective than random thinking, as it helps break down complex issues into actionable steps [23] Group 2: Methods of Reflection - CEOs should establish a structured reflection mechanism, including fixed times, spaces, and methods to ensure effective decision-making [23][28] - Finding a trustworthy external dialogue partner can provide constructive challenges and help CEOs identify blind spots and potential risks [24][28] - Regularly scheduled reflection time, whether weekly or quarterly, is essential for maintaining strategic clarity [26][28] Group 3: Long-term Value and Personal Growth - Continuous structured reflection enhances a CEO's creativity, energy, and resilience, contributing to personal growth and effective leadership [25][29] - The insights gained from reflection can be transformed into executable action plans, integrating them into the company's strategic execution [28][29]

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of foundational education in shaping innovative thinking and fostering a culture of innovation among youth, which is crucial for national development [1][4] - Xi Jinping's remarks highlight the need for innovation education to be integrated throughout the educational process, encouraging creativity and practical application among students [1][4] - The 20th Central Committee's suggestions focus on supporting young scientific and technological talents in innovation and entrepreneurship, as well as promoting scientific literacy and innovation culture [1][4] Group 2 - The youth stage is identified as a critical period for developing innovative thinking, where proper guidance can enhance multi-dimensional analysis and creativity [2][3] - The cultivation of creativity should involve both creative and critical thinking, as they complement each other and are essential for building an innovative culture [3][4] - Emphasizing only one type of thinking can lead to imbalances; thus, a holistic approach is necessary to foster both creative and critical thinking in youth [3][4] Group 3 - The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence and digital economy presents challenges and demands for both educators and learners, necessitating reforms in foundational education [4][5] - Educational reforms should focus on creating an innovative ecosystem that nurtures creativity and critical thinking, aligning with the needs of modern development [4][5] - Teachers are encouraged to adopt a more inclusive and interactive teaching approach, moving away from traditional methods to foster a culture of inquiry and innovation [5][6]

Core Insights - 2025 is projected to be the year when businesses globally recognize AI as a fundamental work infrastructure, moving discussions from curiosity to urgent practical applications [2] - The definition of "understanding how to use AI" is evolving, with a growing emphasis on "core skills" or "soft skills" that involve human oversight and judgment of algorithm outputs [2][3] Group 1: AI's Impact on Workforce - The shift in discussions around AI indicates that businesses are making significant investments in AI, fundamentally reshaping work models [2] - The demand for critical thinking and judgment skills is increasing as repetitive tasks become automated, making these skills the true differentiators in the job market [3] - The importance of human skills is highlighted by the challenges faced by companies in integrating AI into their processes, as AI's limitations become apparent [3] Group 2: Talent and Skills Gap - Concerns about a skills gap among new graduates are rising, with executives emphasizing the need for strategic thinking and critical skills to prepare future leaders [4] - The current economic climate is characterized by low hiring and high unemployment rates among recent graduates, leading to confusion among executives regarding talent acquisition [4] - A potential crisis in middle management is anticipated if entry-level positions continue to diminish due to AI, as future leaders may lack necessary foundational skills [4] Group 3: Training and Development Initiatives - IBM has exceeded its training goals in Saudi Arabia, having trained over 500,000 individuals, significantly surpassing its initial target of 100,000 by 2027 [5] - The focus of educational institutions is shifting towards teaching responsible AI usage, recognizing that students are already familiar with AI tools upon entering higher education [5] - The advice given to students emphasizes the importance of using AI as a tool for enhancing understanding rather than as a substitute for learning [6]

Core Viewpoint - In the age of AI, the ability to ask critical questions is essential for discerning valuable information and making informed decisions, as AI provides answers but does not inherently validate their accuracy or relevance [1][48]. Group 1: Information Absorption in the AI Era - Two thinking modes are identified: sponge-like thinking, which passively absorbs information, and gold-panning thinking, which actively questions and evaluates information [2][4]. - AI enhances the convenience of sponge-like thinking, but this convenience comes with risks, such as unreliable sources and hidden biases [3][4]. - Gold-panning thinkers can avoid being misled by AI and make better decisions by validating evidence and using logic [4]. Group 2: Dimensions of Critical Thinking - The first dimension is awareness, focusing on actively seeking out "gaps" in information and questioning its validity [6]. - The second dimension is attitude, which emphasizes humility and openness to different viewpoints to avoid cognitive biases [8]. - The third dimension is skill, which involves mastering questioning techniques to effectively analyze information [9][10]. Group 3: Key Questions for Critical Thinking - The first step is to clarify the topic and conclusion, ensuring that the analysis has a clear focus [11][13]. - The second step involves exploring the reasons behind conclusions to ensure they are supported by evidence [14][15]. - The third step is to identify ambiguous terms to avoid misunderstandings in discussions [16]. Group 4: Evaluating Assumptions and Evidence - It is crucial to uncover hidden assumptions that may underlie conclusions, as these can significantly impact their validity [18][19]. - Evaluating the credibility of evidence is essential, as not all data or expert opinions are equally reliable [20][21]. - Identifying alternative explanations helps avoid oversimplified conclusions and encourages a more nuanced understanding of issues [27]. Group 5: Recognizing Data Manipulation - Awareness of common data traps, such as percentage traps and average traps, is vital to avoid misinterpretation of statistics [30][31]. - Recognizing omitted information is important to ensure a comprehensive understanding of arguments [32]. - Avoiding binary thinking allows for a broader perspective on complex issues, recognizing that most problems exist in shades of gray [33]. Group 6: Practical Methods to Enhance Critical Thinking - Identifying common logical fallacies can help avoid pitfalls in reasoning [38]. - Being aware of confirmation bias encourages seeking out opposing viewpoints to achieve a balanced perspective [43]. - Distinguishing between facts and opinions is fundamental for effective analysis and debate [44][46].

Core Concept - The article discusses the concept of "First Principles," a foundational thinking method that helps in understanding the essence of problems and making better decisions [5][18]. Group 1: Definition and Historical Context - "First Principles" is defined as the fundamental basis or source of a concept, originating from philosophical discussions by Aristotle and others [8][13]. - The idea has been utilized by modern business leaders like Elon Musk, who emphasizes its importance in problem-solving and innovation [4][23]. Group 2: Application in Management - In management, understanding the "First Principles" of employees' motivations can lead to better alignment and productivity [18][19]. - Different individuals have varying "First Principles" that drive their actions, which can be leveraged for tailored incentives and management strategies [19]. Group 3: Innovation and Simplification - The article contrasts two types of innovation: superficial enhancements versus returning to the essence of a practice, which can lead to more effective solutions [21][20]. - Simplifying complex systems to their "First Principles" can help in identifying core issues and improving efficiency [20][34]. Group 4: Success and Failure Cases - SpaceX is highlighted as a successful application of "First Principles," where Musk reduced rocket costs by challenging conventional views on manufacturing and reusability [23][24]. - Google Glass serves as a failure case, where the product overlooked social norms and privacy concerns despite having a sound technological basis [25][29]. Group 5: Limitations and Cautions - Over-simplification can lead to neglecting emergent properties in complex systems, which may not be explained by "First Principles" alone [35][36]. - The article warns against the risks of applying "First Principles" without considering historical contingencies and the complexity of social dynamics [41][42]. Group 6: Philosophical Perspective - The article emphasizes the importance of philosophical thinking as a complement to "First Principles," advocating for a systems approach that considers the interconnections within larger contexts [42][49]. - Critical thinking and humility in recognizing the limitations of one's understanding are essential for effective decision-making [44][45].

Core Viewpoint - The integration of AI and big data has shifted the supply of knowledge from scarcity to abundance, necessitating a transformation in talent assessment from a focus on memorization to a comprehensive evaluation of individual capabilities [1][4] Group 1: New Assessment Paradigm - The traditional talent selection model, which emphasizes static knowledge recall, is becoming less effective and misaligned with societal needs [1][2] - Future talent selection should be based on a matrix of core capabilities, including problem definition, critical thinking, and practical innovation [2][3] - The assessment should focus on the cognitive processes involved in problem-solving rather than merely the final answers [3] Group 2: Implementation Strategies - Future examinations may shift towards open-book formats that simulate real-world research environments, emphasizing information selection and logical reasoning [3] - The design of assessments should prioritize performance evaluation and project-based assessments to gauge collaborative and innovative skills [3] - Establishing a comprehensive personal capability digital portfolio will allow for continuous tracking of an individual's growth and skills beyond traditional scoring [3][4] Group 3: Societal Implications - The shift in assessment philosophy reflects a broader societal change in valuing unique cognitive abilities and creative potential over mere knowledge retention [4] - This transformation aims to cultivate proactive creators who can effectively leverage technology and drive future innovations [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the concerns surrounding over-reliance on artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, and its potential negative impact on human cognitive abilities and critical thinking skills [1][10][18]. Group 1: Over-Reliance on AI - The rapid adoption of ChatGPT has led to over 800 million weekly active users, indicating its integration into daily life and work [1]. - Over-reliance on AI can result in "execution errors," where users blindly accept AI outputs without proper verification, leading to mistakes [2][3]. - Examples of over-reliance include HR personnel depending on AI for candidate screening and students submitting AI-generated essays without review [3][4]. Group 2: Cognitive Offloading and Its Effects - Cognitive offloading refers to the tendency to transfer cognitive tasks to AI, which may diminish individuals' ability to perform these tasks independently [2][4]. - The increasing use of AI in various fields, such as medical diagnostics, can lead to a decline in critical thinking and independent decision-making [2][3]. - The phenomenon of cognitive offloading is becoming a second nature for individuals, impacting their cognitive skills negatively [2][3]. Group 3: Impact on Critical Thinking - Research indicates a significant correlation between frequent AI use and lower critical thinking abilities, particularly among younger users [6][10]. - Studies show that while AI can enhance work efficiency, it may erode the cognitive skills necessary for critical judgment, leading to long-term dependency on AI [6][10]. - The rise of AI-driven social media algorithms further exacerbates the decline in critical thinking by promoting easily digestible but shallow information [7][10]. Group 4: Decline in Global IQ - The article references the "Flynn effect," which observed a rise in global IQ over decades, but recent trends indicate a potential decline in IQ scores in developed countries [14][15]. - Factors contributing to this decline include stagnant education quality and increased passive media consumption, which may hinder cognitive engagement [15][16]. - Studies suggest that reliance on AI for memory-related tasks can lead to a decrease in individual memory capabilities, supporting the idea of "use it or lose it" [16][17]. Group 5: The Future of Human Cognition - The article emphasizes the need to view AI as a cognitive partner rather than a replacement for human thought processes [18]. - It calls for a focus on developing critical thinking and other uniquely human skills to ensure that individuals do not become redundant in an AI-driven world [18][19]. - The potential for AI to reshape societal structures and values necessitates a careful examination of its impacts on human cognition and behavior [12][18].

Core Viewpoint - The integration of AI in education is rapidly evolving, with universities adopting various strategies to incorporate AI tools, raising questions about their impact on student learning and critical thinking [3][10][17]. Group 1: AI Adoption in Universities - Tsinghua University introduced an AI assistant for new students to answer questions about campus life [3] - Ohio State University made AI courses mandatory for all graduates to ensure AI literacy [3] - Sydney University opted for traditional exams to assess students' knowledge without AI assistance [3] Group 2: Student Usage of AI - A global survey in 2024 found that 86% of university students frequently use AI in their studies, with STEM students being the heaviest users [6] - Nearly 90% of students admitted to using generative AI for writing, with 58% using it to explain concepts and 25% editing AI-generated text [6] Group 3: Benefits and Concerns of AI in Education - Supporters argue that AI offers exciting opportunities for education, with studies showing that students using customized AI tutors perform better than those taught solely by human instructors [8] - Concerns arise regarding the potential for AI to hinder learning, as reliance on AI tools may reduce independent thinking and critical analysis skills [9][8] Group 4: Global Strategies and Policies - Universities worldwide are developing AI usage policies, with varying degrees of success; the U.S. has seen a chaotic approach while Australia has implemented coordinated measures [11] - In China, integrating AI into universities is viewed as a national strategy, with Tsinghua University developing a multi-layered AI system for education [12] Group 5: Faculty Perspectives and Market Dynamics - Faculty acceptance of AI is more cautious, with only 60% using AI tools in teaching, and 80% reporting a lack of clear guidelines from their institutions [14] - Tech giants like OpenAI and Google are actively promoting their products in universities, with OpenAI launching a dedicated version of ChatGPT for educational use [14] Group 6: Unresolved Questions on Learning Outcomes - The critical question remains whether students using AI tools genuinely learn more; preliminary findings suggest that while AI users perform better immediately, their retention of knowledge may be weaker over time [17] - The challenge for the education sector is to balance technological innovation with the need for personalized teaching that fosters independent thought and critical thinking [17]