神译局是36氪旗下编译团队，关注科技、商业、职场、生活等领域，重点介绍国外的新技术、新观点、新风向。 编者按：在多数人都在无休止刷手机的时代，深度阅读与批判性思维能力变得越来越稀缺和珍贵，但越是这样，你越值得为此付出努力。让深度阅读能为你 开启全新视角与思想维度，更好地抵御虚假信息。本文来自编译，希望对您有所启发。 [图片来源：StockPhotoPro/Adobe Stock] 面对如此严峻的信息环境，强大的批判性阅读能力比以往任何时候都更具现实意义与必要性。 遗憾的是，阅读素养问题也很严峻。阅读理解能力持续下滑，多数"95后"父母因视其为负担而不再给幼儿朗读，许多大学生甚至无法读完一本书。 社交媒体平台通过无限滚动、便捷转发等设计，刻意诱导用户进行消极互动，人们借此消磨无聊时光、逃避压力。 作为认知科学家与读写能力专家，我们会研究人类通过阅读处理信息的方式。基于研究成果，我们认为，深度阅读既能有效抵御虚假信息，又能缓解压力与 孤独感。虽然深入阅读要比快速浏览更难，但你可以采用一些策略来强化这一关键的阅读技能。 1. 深度阅读 v.s. 盲目刷屏 人们使用智能手机和社交媒体的动机多种多样，比如消解无聊、寻求 ...

Core Viewpoint - The ability to "effectively solve problems" is a key competitive advantage in personal career development and a critical criterion for organizations in talent selection [1] Group 1: Importance of Problem-Solving - Approximately 86% of employers focus on experiences related to "effective problem-solving" when screening candidates' resumes [1] - During interviews, 60% of employers further inquire about specific details to find evidence of candidates' problem-solving capabilities [1] Group 2: Barriers to Effective Problem-Solving - Barriers to effective problem-solving can be categorized into three main types: environmental, social, and psychological [3][4] - Environmental barriers include external and internal factors such as policy changes, market competition, and organizational culture [3] - Social barriers relate to interpersonal dynamics within organizations, including ineffective communication and groupthink [3] - Psychological barriers stem from individual cognitive biases and fixed thinking patterns, which can hinder problem-solving abilities [4][5] Group 3: Cognitive Bias and Single-Minded Thinking - Cognitive bias is a primary cause of "single-minded thinking," which limits the ability to see multiple perspectives and solutions [5][6] - The human brain processes only a fraction of the information it receives, leading to reliance on cognitive shortcuts that can oversimplify complex problems [5][6] - Single-minded thinking restricts individual growth and adaptability in the workplace, as it prevents the acceptance of diverse viewpoints and learning from failures [8] Group 4: Overcoming Single-Minded Thinking - To effectively solve problems, it is essential to break free from single-minded thinking by employing a combination of "meta-cognitive" strategies [10][11] - The "meta-cognitive" strategies include observing and describing, questioning and investigating, reasoning, comparing and connecting, exploring viewpoints, and recognizing complexity [11][12][13] - These strategies form a dynamic cognitive toolbox that helps individuals and teams approach problems from multiple angles and develop comprehensive solutions [19] Group 5: Application of Meta-Cognitive Strategies - The application of meta-cognitive strategies can be illustrated through case studies, such as critical thinking and product management practices [20][21] - In critical thinking, a complete "thinking loop" is necessary to avoid the limitations of relying solely on questioning and criticism [21][22] - Product managers utilize meta-cognitive strategies to identify market needs, analyze complex problems, and develop effective solutions through a structured approach [23][24][25][26]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that the ultimate answer to embracing AI lies not in the technology itself but in returning to human qualities such as curiosity, imagination, emotional connection, and critical thinking [2][5] - Jack Ma suggests that in the age of AI, the focus should shift from whether to use AI to how to teach children to use it effectively, indicating a need for education to foster creativity and unique thinking rather than rote memorization [2][4] - Dr. Zhang Wenhong expresses caution regarding the integration of AI into core medical processes, arguing that it may hinder young doctors' necessary diagnostic training and their ability to independently identify AI errors [2][3] Group 2 - The discussion highlights a fundamental question: as tools become more powerful, what should be preserved for humans and the training systems for future generations? This underscores the importance of ensuring that technology enhances human capabilities rather than leading to a decline in core skills [3][4] - It is crucial to establish clear principles and boundaries in human-AI collaboration, with the consensus that the ultimate goal of technology application is to empower humans, and that humans must remain the final decision-makers and bear responsibility [3][5] - The article points out that in education, the introduction of AI has not necessarily reduced the burden on students or encouraged unique thinking, as some teachers rely entirely on AI for grading without human review, leading to a lack of critical judgment development in students [4][5]

Core Viewpoint - The event hosted by Shandong University and led by Shih Yigong, president of Westlake University, serves as a platform to promote the university's educational philosophy and recruitment efforts in Shandong province [2][3]. Group 1: Recruitment and Educational Philosophy - Shih Yigong emphasizes the importance of engaging with students and parents in Shandong, highlighting the university's commitment to comprehensive evaluation for admissions starting in 2026 [3][6]. - Westlake University is characterized as a new type of research-oriented university, established with support from social forces and the government, focusing on high standards and quality over quantity [6][7]. - The university's recruitment strategy includes a "631" evaluation model for 2026, where 60% of the admission criteria will be based on college entrance examination scores, 30% on school interviews, and 10% on academic performance [7][8]. Group 2: Student Characteristics and Values - Shih Yigong describes Shandong students as proactive and open-minded, asking insightful questions during recruitment events, which reflects their quality and depth of thought [5][8]. - The university seeks students who demonstrate critical thinking and empathy during interviews, indicating a preference for candidates who can engage in meaningful dialogue and show social responsibility [8][9]. - Westlake University aims to cultivate future leaders, not just scientists, by providing a supportive environment that respects students' diverse interests and career paths [9]. Group 3: University Advantages - Westlake University offers advanced knowledge, exceptional research capabilities, and a diverse cultural environment that fosters innovation and a sense of ownership among students [9]. - The university clarifies that while it primarily trains future scientists, it does not limit its graduates to scientific careers, allowing for a broader range of professional pursuits [9].

Core Viewpoint - The event held by Xihu University in Shandong, led by academician Shi Yigong, serves as a platform to showcase the university's educational philosophy and recruitment strategy, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and empathy in student selection [1][5][9]. Group 1: Recruitment Strategy - Xihu University is implementing a "631" comprehensive evaluation model for admissions in Shandong for 2026, where the college entrance examination accounts for 60%, school interviews for 30%, and academic level tests for 10% [8]. - The university places significant emphasis on the interview process, focusing on candidates' critical thinking and empathy, which are seen as essential qualities for future leaders [8][9]. Group 2: Educational Philosophy - Xihu University is characterized as a "new type of research university" with a focus on high standards, small size, and research orientation, aiming to reform higher education through innovative practices [5][7]. - The university's approach includes leveraging the advantages of returning overseas scientists to cultivate doctoral students before undergraduate students, highlighting a unique educational trajectory [6]. Group 3: Student Engagement - Shi Yigong noted that students from Shandong displayed open-mindedness and asked insightful questions during previous engagements, reflecting a high level of engagement and interest in their educational choices [5][6]. - The university aims to create an inclusive and innovative environment that fosters student growth, respecting individual choices and passions beyond just scientific careers [9].

Group 1 - The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented opportunities and challenges in the education sector, emphasizing the need to cultivate "non-automatable" skills such as critical thinking, emotional cognition, and value judgment [1] - In the AI era, the way knowledge is acquired is undergoing profound changes, making the efficient learning and internalization of knowledge a key educational challenge [2] - Solid foundational knowledge is essential for developing higher-order cognitive abilities, as it supports memory and innovation, which are crucial for problem-solving [2] Group 2 - The decline in language skills among students indicates a deterioration in deep thinking abilities, which is exacerbated by the dominance of algorithms in information environments [3] - Classic literature and traditional reading are vital for enhancing critical thinking and maintaining cultural understanding, serving as a mental exercise that refines logic and expression [4] - Humanistic literacy is increasingly important in the digital age, acting as a barrier against technological alienation and preserving unique human thought [4] Group 3 - The key to addressing technological challenges in education lies in creating a symbiotic relationship between technology and education, focusing on cultural transmission and cognitive development [5] - AI can serve as a powerful tool for personalized practice and resource expansion, but the core mission of education requires professional guidance from teachers and a nurturing school environment [6] - Education should adhere to the principle of "human-centered, technology-enabled," emphasizing systematic mastery of core concepts and the cultivation of critical thinking and moral judgment [6] Group 4 - The innovation in education must awaken individual consciousness and expand cognitive boundaries through technology, aiming to develop core competencies that define humanity [7] - Adhering to the principle of "humanism as the foundation, technology as the tool" is essential for nurturing a generation that possesses both technological literacy and humanistic values, thereby laying a solid talent foundation for national rejuvenation [7]

Group 1 - The 2026 Shanghai Spring Examination Chinese Language Test emphasizes the fundamental task of moral education and assesses core subject competencies, positively guiding teaching and aiding in the scientific selection of talent [1][2] - The test paper incorporates a wide range of materials that encourage candidates to explore the future through technology, focus on current social practices, and value culture in urban development, reflecting a teaching orientation that emphasizes cultural education [4][5] - The test promotes traditional Chinese culture, starting with the recitation of a famous line from "Li Sao," encouraging candidates to pursue moral goodness and reflect on life values through various literary works [4][6] Group 2 - The test closely aligns with curriculum standards, creating authentic language use scenarios and fulfilling learning task requirements, thereby achieving a comprehensive assessment of core literacy in the Chinese language subject [6][7] - Social science text readings are designed to construct a space for critical thinking, guiding candidates to analyze logical relationships and differing viewpoints, fostering awareness of contemporary cultural participation [6][7] - The overall structure, scoring ratio, question types, and quantity of the test remain stable, with clear wording and reasonable difficulty levels, ensuring scientific and fair examination practices [7][8]

Core Insights - Reflection is crucial for CEOs to gain clarity and develop effective strategies in high-pressure environments [1][3][21] - CEOs often struggle to find time for deep reflection due to the complexity and demands of their roles [2][4][8] Group 1: Importance of Reflection - In a high-pressure and complex work environment, busy and urgent tasks often consume all of a CEO's time, leading to a sacrifice of deep reflection [21] - Reflection serves as a tool for anticipating future risks and opportunities, allowing CEOs to better understand employees, customers, competitors, and their own market positioning [22] - Structured reflection is more effective than random thinking, as it helps break down complex issues into actionable steps [23] Group 2: Methods of Reflection - CEOs should establish a structured reflection mechanism, including fixed times, spaces, and methods to ensure effective decision-making [23][28] - Finding a trustworthy external dialogue partner can provide constructive challenges and help CEOs identify blind spots and potential risks [24][28] - Regularly scheduled reflection time, whether weekly or quarterly, is essential for maintaining strategic clarity [26][28] Group 3: Long-term Value and Personal Growth - Continuous structured reflection enhances a CEO's creativity, energy, and resilience, contributing to personal growth and effective leadership [25][29] - The insights gained from reflection can be transformed into executable action plans, integrating them into the company's strategic execution [28][29]

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes the importance of foundational education in shaping innovative thinking and fostering a culture of innovation among youth, which is crucial for national development [1][4] - Xi Jinping's remarks highlight the need for innovation education to be integrated throughout the educational process, encouraging creativity and practical application among students [1][4] - The 20th Central Committee's suggestions focus on supporting young scientific and technological talents in innovation and entrepreneurship, as well as promoting scientific literacy and innovation culture [1][4] Group 2 - The youth stage is identified as a critical period for developing innovative thinking, where proper guidance can enhance multi-dimensional analysis and creativity [2][3] - The cultivation of creativity should involve both creative and critical thinking, as they complement each other and are essential for building an innovative culture [3][4] - Emphasizing only one type of thinking can lead to imbalances; thus, a holistic approach is necessary to foster both creative and critical thinking in youth [3][4] Group 3 - The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence and digital economy presents challenges and demands for both educators and learners, necessitating reforms in foundational education [4][5] - Educational reforms should focus on creating an innovative ecosystem that nurtures creativity and critical thinking, aligning with the needs of modern development [4][5] - Teachers are encouraged to adopt a more inclusive and interactive teaching approach, moving away from traditional methods to foster a culture of inquiry and innovation [5][6]

Core Insights - 2025 is projected to be the year when businesses globally recognize AI as a fundamental work infrastructure, moving discussions from curiosity to urgent practical applications [2] - The definition of "understanding how to use AI" is evolving, with a growing emphasis on "core skills" or "soft skills" that involve human oversight and judgment of algorithm outputs [2][3] Group 1: AI's Impact on Workforce - The shift in discussions around AI indicates that businesses are making significant investments in AI, fundamentally reshaping work models [2] - The demand for critical thinking and judgment skills is increasing as repetitive tasks become automated, making these skills the true differentiators in the job market [3] - The importance of human skills is highlighted by the challenges faced by companies in integrating AI into their processes, as AI's limitations become apparent [3] Group 2: Talent and Skills Gap - Concerns about a skills gap among new graduates are rising, with executives emphasizing the need for strategic thinking and critical skills to prepare future leaders [4] - The current economic climate is characterized by low hiring and high unemployment rates among recent graduates, leading to confusion among executives regarding talent acquisition [4] - A potential crisis in middle management is anticipated if entry-level positions continue to diminish due to AI, as future leaders may lack necessary foundational skills [4] Group 3: Training and Development Initiatives - IBM has exceeded its training goals in Saudi Arabia, having trained over 500,000 individuals, significantly surpassing its initial target of 100,000 by 2027 [5] - The focus of educational institutions is shifting towards teaching responsible AI usage, recognizing that students are already familiar with AI tools upon entering higher education [5] - The advice given to students emphasizes the importance of using AI as a tool for enhancing understanding rather than as a substitute for learning [6]