记者丨郭莎 陈凯琳 10月15日，第138届中国进出口商品交易会（广交会）即将开幕，全世界的目光都集中在了广 东。 自古以来，这里就离世界很近。广东的外贸活动从秦汉时期就已存在，世界上第一个有官方 史书记载的海上丝绸之路始发港就是徐闻古港。但是，广东真正形成一套相对完整、由国家 主导或深度介入的管理制度，并产生深远影响，是从唐宋时期开始算起，距今大约是一千 年。直到清朝，政府将对外贸易的管理集中于粤海关，广东形成了以广州为核心、粤海关监 管的十三行体制为基础的外贸体系。它深刻影响了此后近百年的中西贸易格局，也是理解近 代中国与世界关系的一个重要窗口。 可以说，广东的发展史，就是一部外贸史。尤其是1957年广交会在广州应势而生，广交会为 国家开辟了"以贸破局"的路径，成为了国家经济的风向标。 为真正读懂这部外贸史，由广东省委宣传部主办、广东省博物馆（广州鲁迅纪念馆）承办 的"互利天下：广东外贸一千年"大展，于10月15日开展，展期一年。展览甄选逾200件（套） 珍品，其中22件国家一级文物，以实证回顾广东在全球贸易中的作用及其在中国外贸制度建 设上的独特贡献。 透过本次展览，依稀可见千年商贸活力。从海上丝绸之路 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the emergence of a new paradigm in China's economy, termed the "new new three samples," which includes robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and innovative pharmaceuticals, as key drivers for high-quality economic development and a shift from traditional growth models to technology-led advancements [1][4][29]. Robotics Sector - The robotics sector has seen significant market capitalization growth, with companies like Huichuan Technology exceeding 200 billion yuan and several stocks doubling in price within the year [2][13]. - The market for industrial robots in China is projected to reach 302,000 units in 2024, maintaining its position as the largest industrial robot market globally [30]. - Key challenges include reliance on imported high-end servo motors and precision components, which need to be addressed to enhance domestic capabilities [33]. Artificial Intelligence Sector - The AI sector is characterized by a large number of high-value companies, with six firms exceeding a market cap of 100 billion yuan, including Cambricon and Hikvision [19]. - The demand for AI capabilities has surged, particularly in large model applications, leading to significant revenue growth for companies like Industrial Fulian and Cambricon, with year-on-year increases of 35.58% and 4347.82%, respectively [20]. - The sector is supported by national policies aimed at integrating AI into various industries, with a comprehensive action plan released to enhance AI's role in economic development [22]. Innovative Pharmaceuticals Sector - The innovative pharmaceuticals sector is represented by major players like Heng Rui Medicine, which is nearing a market cap of 500 billion yuan, and BeiGene, which recently achieved profitability [24][28]. - Recent policy measures have been introduced to support the development of innovative drugs, including streamlined approval processes and enhanced reimbursement mechanisms [27]. - The sector is witnessing a shift from loss-making to profitability, with companies like BeiGene demonstrating the commercial viability of innovative drug models [28]. Strategic Importance - The "new new three samples" signify a transition from scale-driven manufacturing to technology-driven innovation, crucial for enhancing China's global competitiveness and economic resilience [7][9][31]. - The collaboration among robotics, AI, and innovative pharmaceuticals creates a synergistic effect that strengthens overall productivity and fosters new business models [8][31]. - Addressing the "bottleneck" issues in these sectors is essential for sustaining growth and achieving leadership in global technology competition [32][33]. Policy Recommendations - To enhance competitiveness, policies should focus on data openness, regulatory reforms, and infrastructure development to support AI and innovative pharmaceuticals [35][38]. - Establishing a robust talent pipeline and fostering interdisciplinary education will be critical for sustaining innovation in these sectors [37][38]. - Encouraging public-private partnerships and international collaboration will further strengthen China's position in the global market [39].