Core Viewpoint - The recent escalation of conflict between Thailand and Cambodia along their border is rooted in historical territorial disputes and has been exacerbated by recent political events, leading to a significant deterioration in bilateral relations [2][4]. Historical Context - The core issue of the conflict lies in the long-standing border and territorial disputes, particularly regarding the ownership of the Preah Vihear Temple and its surrounding areas, which have been a contentious point for over a century [2][3]. - The 1904 border treaty and subsequent 1907 map drawn by French officials have led to differing interpretations and disputes over the border, culminating in a 1962 ruling by the International Court of Justice that awarded the temple to Cambodia but left surrounding areas ambiguous [3]. Recent Political Events - The "recording scandal" involving former Thai Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-o-cha and Cambodian Senate President Hun Sen has intensified tensions, with accusations of weakness and betrayal of national interests leading to Prayuth's suspension from office [4][5]. - The internal political dynamics in Thailand, particularly the rise of military influence and the polarization between pro- and anti-government factions, have further complicated the situation [5]. Economic and Diplomatic Implications - Despite the ongoing military tensions, the likelihood of a full-scale war is low due to the intertwined economic relations, including significant border trade and the presence of Cambodian workers in Thailand [7]. - ASEAN's role as a stabilizing force is crucial, as both countries are bound by the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, which encourages peaceful resolution of disputes [7]. - International actors, including China and the United Nations, are expected to play a mediating role to prevent escalation and encourage dialogue [7]. Future Outlook - The immediate future may see continued tensions and small-scale military confrontations, but there is potential for de-escalation through international mediation and a return to diplomatic negotiations [6][8]. - Both governments are urged to restore communication channels and manage nationalist sentiments to create a conducive environment for peace talks [8].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the escalation of military confrontation between Thailand and Cambodia, marking the most severe conflict in over a decade, with both sides accusing each other of initiating hostilities [1][2][3] - The conflict has resulted in significant casualties, with reports indicating over 20 Thai civilians killed, and both nations emphasizing their actions as self-defense [1][2] - The Thai government is currently focused on bilateral dialogue with Cambodia, rejecting third-party mediation despite expressions of willingness from other nations to assist [1][2][3] Group 2 - The historical context of the conflict is rooted in territorial disputes over an 800-kilometer border, dating back to colonial-era maps that have led to ongoing disagreements [4][5] - Recent political turmoil in Thailand, including the suspension of Prime Minister Pita Limjaroenrat and the fallout from the "recording scandal," has exacerbated tensions and complicated diplomatic relations [6][8][9] - The military capabilities of both nations are highlighted, with Thailand possessing a larger active military force, yet Cambodia's military has shown resilience and adaptability in the challenging terrain [11][12][13] Group 3 - The involvement of regional leaders, such as Malaysia's Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, indicates a potential for diplomatic intervention, although the effectiveness of ASEAN in mediating the conflict remains uncertain [14][15] - The articles suggest that personal relationships between political leaders, particularly between Thaksin Shinawatra and Hun Sen, play a significant role in the dynamics of the conflict [7][10][16] - The potential for a peaceful resolution is acknowledged, with both nations recognizing the detrimental effects of prolonged conflict on their development and regional stability [12][14][15]