秋日的江苏省连云港徐圩新区，阳光透过薄雾洒在鳞次栉比的白色储罐上，纵横交错的管廊宛如一条条 灵动的"水脉"。中控室内，巨大的电子屏上数据流不停跳动，实时显示着各企业废水排放量、处理进度 和再生水输送量——这套覆盖整个石化园区的智慧水资源循环系统，正以每分钟近百立方米的流量，将 污废水转化为清澈的工业用水。 作为全国七大石化产业基地之一，徐圩新区曾长期被工业废水"卡脖子"。2021年，方洋水务工业废水综 合治理中心建成投用，创新推出"一企一管、一企一罐、分类收集、分质处理"模式，"将不同特性的废 水纳入多条处理线，精准调配酸碱、循环利用碳氮磷，就像给不同病症的患者开不同药方。"江苏方洋 水务有限公司总经理程志刚说。目前，中心具备23.2万吨/天的废水处理、17万吨/天的污水集中再生回 用能力，去年园区70%的废水实现"重生"，年回用量达1800万立方米。 在提升水处理效能的同时，双膜回收工艺的应用，既为周边水环境"减负"，也让水资源效益持续释放。 中心建立的再生水水权交易机制，将企业的再生水配额变成可量化、可交易的数字资产，破解部分企业 因排水量小、输送远而"弃用"再生水的难题。这样一来，用水大户通过购买再生水 ...

秋日的沂河碧波荡漾，芦苇摇曳间白鹭翩跹；肥城化工园区内的高品质再生水，默默涵养地下水源；潮白河畔，艺术小镇描绘着人与自然和谐共 生的美好图景……近年来，山东以系统思维破解河湖治理难题，走出了一条"污染共治、资源共享、生态共富"的发展之路。 如今的沂河风景优美如画。新华社记者袁敏摄 让河湖重现水清岸绿 "快尝尝我们的家乡水，甘甜可口，游客来了都爱喝！"在位于沂河中游的龙湾水乡乡村振兴示范区，游客常被当地的富锶型矿泉水"圈粉"。沂源 县被认定为"中国矿泉水之乡"之一，"一瓶家乡水"成为彰显当地良好水生态的名片。 淄博市生态环境局沂源分局党组成员刘传国介绍，沂源是沂河的发源地，境内流域面积1462平方公里，占全县总面积的89.5%。20世纪90年代， 沂源形成以造纸、制革、酿酒为主的产业结构，沂河各支流也遭遇不同程度的污染，一度沦为劣Ⅴ类水体。 如今，沂河重现蓬勃生机。岸边青山郁郁葱葱，水中各类鱼虾成群，还成了东方白鹳、白骨顶鸡、黑水鸡等近百种鸟类的栖息地。昔日的"臭水 河"成了令村民骄傲的"最美家乡河"。 近年来，山东以全面改善水生态环境质量为重点，谋划实施了一批重点流域水生态保护和修复重大工程，"十四五"期间累 ...

让河湖重现水清岸绿 秋日的沂河碧波荡漾，芦苇摇曳间白鹭翩跹；肥城化工园区内的高品质再生水，默默涵养地下水源；潮白河畔，艺术小镇描绘着人与自然和 谐共生的美好图景……近年来，山东以系统思维破解河湖治理难题，走出了一条"污染共治、资源共享、生态共富"的发展之路。 "快尝尝我们的家乡水，甘甜可口，游客来了都爱喝！"在位于沂河中游的龙湾水乡乡村振兴示范区，游客常被当地的富锶型矿泉水"圈粉"。 沂源县被认定为"中国矿泉水之乡"之一，"一瓶家乡水"成为彰显当地良好水生态的名片。 淄博市生态环境局沂源分局党组成员刘传国介绍，沂源是沂河的发源地，境内流域面积1462平方公里，占全县总面积的89.5%。20世纪90年 代，沂源形成以造纸、制革、酿酒为主的产业结构，沂河各支流也遭遇不同程度的污染，一度沦为劣Ⅴ类水体。 "当时，我们在河岸拿篙一捣，从水底咕噜咕噜泛沫，臭味就上来了。"中庄镇村民老孟边说边皱眉。 2006年起，当地下决心"控源头""治污水"，先后关停淘汰落后企业290余家、燃煤锅炉140余台，整治"散乱污"企业1000多家，完成企业"退城 进园"20余家，转向"生态工业+绿色制造+产业集群"模式。同时，当地先后实施生 ...

Core Insights - Yinchuan City is implementing market-oriented reforms to address water resource challenges, showcasing a successful transformation of wastewater into reusable water [1][2] - The city has developed a multi-faceted approach to utilize reclaimed water across various sectors, significantly improving water resource efficiency [2][3] Group 1: Water Resource Management - Yinchuan is located in a drought-prone area with an average annual rainfall of less than 200mm and per capita usable water resources below half the national average [2] - The city has expanded its reclaimed water network to 315 kilometers, achieving an annual ecological replenishment of 70 million cubic meters and a reclaimed water utilization rate exceeding 58% [2] Group 2: Reclaimed Water Projects - Two reclaimed water projects, the second and fourth wastewater treatment plants, were completed and began operations in July 2024, providing nearly 50,000 cubic meters of treated water daily for ecological replenishment [2] - These projects can supply 26 million cubic meters of ecological water annually, replacing an equivalent amount of Yellow River water for industrial use, generating an annual added value of 4.5 billion yuan [2] Group 3: Water Rights Trading - In May, Yinchuan conducted a pioneering water rights transaction, allowing the exchange of Yellow River water for reclaimed water, marking a significant step in water rights reform [3] - The transaction involved three leading new materials companies purchasing 500,000 cubic meters of water at a price of 0.728 yuan per cubic meter, totaling 1.092 million yuan [3] - Yinchuan has completed 100 water rights transactions, totaling 695 million cubic meters and exceeding 714 million yuan in transaction value, positioning it as a leader in Ningxia [3]

Core Viewpoint - Ningxia Yinchuan is utilizing market-oriented reforms to address water scarcity issues by transforming wastewater into reusable water, showcasing innovative water management practices in arid regions [1][3]. Group 1: Water Resource Management - Yinchuan is located in a dry region with an average annual rainfall of less than 200 millimeters and per capita available water resources less than half the national average [3]. - The city has developed a comprehensive approach to utilize reclaimed water for ecological replenishment, landscaping, industrial production, and road maintenance, enhancing water resource efficiency [3]. - Currently, five wastewater treatment plants in Yinchuan have the capacity to deliver reclaimed water, with a network extending 315 kilometers, achieving 70 million cubic meters of ecological replenishment annually and a reclaimed water utilization rate exceeding 58% [3]. Group 2: Reclaimed Water Projects - Yinchuan has initiated two reclaimed water projects, which are expected to be operational by July 2024, providing nearly 50,000 cubic meters of treated water daily for ecological replenishment, equating to 26 million cubic meters annually [3]. - These projects will serve as a secondary water source for the lower section of the Dingnong River, allowing for the replacement of an equivalent amount of Yellow River water for industrial use, generating an annual added value of 4.5 billion yuan [3]. Group 3: Water Rights Trading - In May, Yinchuan conducted a pioneering water rights trading transaction, where three leading new materials companies purchased 500,000 cubic meters of Yellow River water rights at a price of 0.728 yuan per cubic meter, totaling 1.092 million yuan [4]. - This transaction marks the first instance of ecological reclaimed water being used to replace water rights in China, establishing a scientific flow channel for water resources from "unidirectional consumption" to "circular value addition" [4]. - Yinchuan has completed 100 water rights transactions, totaling 695 million cubic meters and exceeding 714 million yuan in transaction value, leading in Ningxia and promoting a harmonious relationship between water and land [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the complexity of water usage in semiconductor manufacturing, highlighting that while fabs consume millions of gallons of water daily, much of it is recycled and reused within the facility, with actual consumption primarily occurring through evaporation in cooling systems [2][3][29]. Water Usage in Semiconductor Fabs - Water is essential for advanced chip architecture, lithography, and backend packaging, serving multiple roles including cooling and waste transport [2]. - The average daily water usage in semiconductor fabs can reach millions of gallons, with cooling towers being the primary source of water loss due to evaporation [2][4]. - In hot and arid regions, evaporation plays a dominant role in water loss, while in cooler climates, the loss is significantly lower [2][4]. Water Management Strategies - Fabs are increasingly implementing smarter wastewater classification, reuse, and heat recovery technologies to reduce water demand [2][5]. - The water intake for a large fab can be equivalent to the water usage of a city with a population of one million, but most of this water is treated and reused within the facility [3][4]. - The water system in modern fabs consists of interconnected cycles, where raw or recycled water is treated to become ultra-pure water (UPW) for wafer processing [4][5]. Reuse and Recycling - Water undergoes multiple usage cycles within the fab, with ultra-pure water typically used only once, while other water types are collected for reuse in less sensitive applications [5][12]. - Companies like UMC have achieved high water recovery rates, with UMC reporting an overall process water recovery rate of 84.3% [12][13]. - The use of recycled water is prioritized, with UMC's Singapore facility using approximately 97.6% recycled water in 2024 [13]. Infrastructure and Planning - Municipal water suppliers must demonstrate their capacity to meet long-term water needs for industrial projects, as seen in Phoenix, Arizona [3][7]. - Effective water management requires long-term planning and infrastructure development to support semiconductor manufacturing [7][8]. Challenges and Innovations - The purity of water is a critical factor that limits reuse; maintaining high purity levels is essential for advanced manufacturing processes [9][10]. - Digital twin technology is being utilized to optimize water and chemical flows, allowing for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance [16][17]. - The industry faces challenges in measuring persistent chemicals at trillionth-level concentrations, which complicates water management strategies [26][27]. Conclusion - The key issue is not the volume of water used by fabs, but rather how much is recycled and how much is truly consumed, with evaporation being a significant factor in water balance [29]. - Effective water management strategies, including classification, routing, and monitoring, are essential for sustainable semiconductor manufacturing [29].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the ecological restoration efforts along the Jialu River in Zhengzhou, emphasizing the importance of water quality and biodiversity in urban environments [1][3][11]. Group 1: Ecological Restoration Efforts - Zhengzhou has initiated comprehensive governance of the Jialu River, focusing on river channel remediation, ecological greening, and pollution control since 2016 [3][11]. - The city has implemented the "Jialu River Protection Regulations" and established a monitoring network for ecological and environmental data sharing [4][11]. - Over 110 kilometers of sewage interception pipelines have been laid along the riverbanks, along with the construction of several sewage treatment plants to ensure comprehensive sewage collection and treatment [4][11]. Group 2: Biodiversity and Water Quality - The Jialu River has been observed to host over 230 species of birds, indicating a rich biodiversity that reflects the health of the ecosystem [1][9]. - The water quality of the Jialu River has consistently maintained above Class IV, with specific monitoring points showing improvements from inferior Class V to Class IV, aiming for Class III by 2024 [9][11]. - The river's ecological restoration has led to the establishment of a natural ecological pattern, supporting various protected bird species and enhancing the overall environmental quality [9][11]. Group 3: Community Engagement and Economic Development - Community activities, such as bird watching events, have been organized to raise awareness about local biodiversity and engage youth in ecological education [1]. - The Jialu River is being developed as a key waterway for regional transportation, linking major cities and promoting the growth of port-related industries [8]. - The river's revitalization has transformed it into a popular recreational area for residents, contributing to the city's cultural and ecological landscape [5][11].

Core Viewpoint - The steel industry in China is undergoing a transformation towards high-end, intelligent, and green development, with a focus on efficient water resource management and industrial wastewater treatment as key challenges [1][3]. Group 1: Company Initiatives - Baogang Group has pioneered a "zero discharge" approach to industrial wastewater, turning pollution into a resource and setting a new benchmark for efficient water resource utilization in the steel industry [3][5]. - The total wastewater treatment project at Baogang is the first large-scale zero discharge project for concentrated saline wastewater in the domestic steel industry, capable of treating 350 cubic meters of wastewater per hour [3][5]. - 95% of the treated wastewater is converted into high-quality recycled water for core processes like iron smelting and steel rolling, reducing the consumption of new water from the Yellow River by nearly 3 million tons annually [5][7]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The remaining 5% of high-concentration saline wastewater is transformed into high-purity sodium chloride and sodium sulfate crystals through evaporation and crystallization technology, re-entering the economic cycle as industrial raw materials [5][7]. - Baogang employs a chemical coagulation and sedimentation method for fluoride removal, achieving a fluoride concentration below 1.5 mg/L, resulting in an annual reduction of 112 tons of fluoride emissions [5][7]. Group 3: Industry Impact - Baogang's investment of nearly 10 billion yuan in ultra-low emission renovations and water management projects marks a shift from passive treatment to proactive recycling [7]. - The transformation from "wastewater" to "clean water" illustrates a successful model for cost reduction and efficiency improvement, providing a replicable green development model for the industry [7]. - The company emphasizes that water resource recycling is not an alternative but a necessary path for the future green development of the steel industry [7].