如果您希望可以时常见面，欢迎标星收藏哦~ 来 源 ：内容 编译自 semiengineering 。 水 —— 大量的水 —— 是先进芯片架构、光刻技术及后端封装的关键支撑。它为接触每片晶圆的 超纯水循环系统供能，为各工艺节点中温度更高的设备散热，还将废弃化学物质输送至处理设施。 看到 "晶圆厂每日消耗数百万加仑水" 的报道，人们自然会担忧，但从工程角度看，实际情况更为 复杂 ——"使用" 并不等同于 "消耗"。 从市政系统抽取的大部分水经处理后，会在厂内通过多个使用周期循环利用，之后再送回污水处理 厂或市政设施进行进一步处理。真正被 "消耗" 的部分，主要是通过冷却系统和洗涤系统蒸发、脱 离厂区的水量。正如《国际器件与系统路线图》（IRDS）所指出的："半导体工厂平均每日用水量 达数百万加仑，而最大的单一损失途径是冷却塔。" FTD Solutions 首席执行官斯拉瓦・利布曼表示："就大型新建项目而言，满负荷生产时的总需水 量可能相当于一座百万人口城市的用水量。但这并不意味着所有水都会流失 —— 大部分会在厂内 经过处理后重新利用，而主要的实际损失是由工厂高能耗导致的蒸发量。" 在北凤凰城等炎热干旱的流域 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the ecological restoration efforts along the Jialu River in Zhengzhou, emphasizing the importance of water quality and biodiversity in urban environments [1][3][11]. Group 1: Ecological Restoration Efforts - Zhengzhou has initiated comprehensive governance of the Jialu River, focusing on river channel remediation, ecological greening, and pollution control since 2016 [3][11]. - The city has implemented the "Jialu River Protection Regulations" and established a monitoring network for ecological and environmental data sharing [4][11]. - Over 110 kilometers of sewage interception pipelines have been laid along the riverbanks, along with the construction of several sewage treatment plants to ensure comprehensive sewage collection and treatment [4][11]. Group 2: Biodiversity and Water Quality - The Jialu River has been observed to host over 230 species of birds, indicating a rich biodiversity that reflects the health of the ecosystem [1][9]. - The water quality of the Jialu River has consistently maintained above Class IV, with specific monitoring points showing improvements from inferior Class V to Class IV, aiming for Class III by 2024 [9][11]. - The river's ecological restoration has led to the establishment of a natural ecological pattern, supporting various protected bird species and enhancing the overall environmental quality [9][11]. Group 3: Community Engagement and Economic Development - Community activities, such as bird watching events, have been organized to raise awareness about local biodiversity and engage youth in ecological education [1]. - The Jialu River is being developed as a key waterway for regional transportation, linking major cities and promoting the growth of port-related industries [8]. - The river's revitalization has transformed it into a popular recreational area for residents, contributing to the city's cultural and ecological landscape [5][11].

Core Viewpoint - The steel industry in China is undergoing a transformation towards high-end, intelligent, and green development, with a focus on efficient water resource management and industrial wastewater treatment as key challenges [1][3]. Group 1: Company Initiatives - Baogang Group has pioneered a "zero discharge" approach to industrial wastewater, turning pollution into a resource and setting a new benchmark for efficient water resource utilization in the steel industry [3][5]. - The total wastewater treatment project at Baogang is the first large-scale zero discharge project for concentrated saline wastewater in the domestic steel industry, capable of treating 350 cubic meters of wastewater per hour [3][5]. - 95% of the treated wastewater is converted into high-quality recycled water for core processes like iron smelting and steel rolling, reducing the consumption of new water from the Yellow River by nearly 3 million tons annually [5][7]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The remaining 5% of high-concentration saline wastewater is transformed into high-purity sodium chloride and sodium sulfate crystals through evaporation and crystallization technology, re-entering the economic cycle as industrial raw materials [5][7]. - Baogang employs a chemical coagulation and sedimentation method for fluoride removal, achieving a fluoride concentration below 1.5 mg/L, resulting in an annual reduction of 112 tons of fluoride emissions [5][7]. Group 3: Industry Impact - Baogang's investment of nearly 10 billion yuan in ultra-low emission renovations and water management projects marks a shift from passive treatment to proactive recycling [7]. - The transformation from "wastewater" to "clean water" illustrates a successful model for cost reduction and efficiency improvement, providing a replicable green development model for the industry [7]. - The company emphasizes that water resource recycling is not an alternative but a necessary path for the future green development of the steel industry [7].