以下文章来源于南风窗 ，作者朱秋雨 梁栋 南风窗 . 冷静地思考，热情地生活。 他们只能与热共存， 直到某个时刻热射病在体内发作。 文 ｜ 朱秋雨 编辑 ｜ 赵佳佳 来源｜ 南风窗（ID： SouthReviews ） 封面来源 ｜ AI生成 7月12日15时许，35岁的成都快递员彭明在结束一天的搬运与投递后，回到小车内休息。次日清晨7 时，他被发现倒在主驾驶位上。 车窗开着，他没有开空调。 被送往医院时，彭明全身高热，失去意识，心脏骤停超9分钟。他已经出现多器官功能障碍，被送往 重症监护室（ICU）治疗。 四川省人民医院确诊他为热射病。他的表哥彭凯飞告诉我们，彭明来自农村家庭，是独生子。这是全 家第一次听说和深度接触热射病。7月13日，彭明妻子焦急得分了娩，早产生下两人的第一个孩子。 在山西太原，钢铁工人李飞龙也是近两年才知道热射病。过去4年里，他的工作是站在充满热风的车 间，来回跑到滚烫的钢铁炉子旁，确保炼钢的全程不出差错。他时常感到"全身都在翻滚，肚子就像 开水（在）煮一样"。 近期他才知道，忍受令人头晕眼花的高温，可能会患上热射病，有很高的致死率。 热射病位列中暑分级中的最严重等级，表现为核心体温超过 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of awareness regarding heat stroke, particularly in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, where even indoor settings can pose risks for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, and those with chronic illnesses [1][3]. Group 1: Heat Stroke Awareness - Heat stroke can occur indoors, especially in high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, affecting individuals who may not be exposed to direct sunlight [1][3]. - Vulnerable groups, including the elderly, children, pregnant women, and those with chronic conditions, are at higher risk of heat stroke even without outdoor exposure [3]. Group 2: Symptoms and Response - Symptoms of heat stroke may not always include a body temperature of 40°C; atypical cases can present with symptoms like dizziness, nausea, and confusion at lower temperatures [5]. - Immediate physical cooling measures should be taken if symptoms of heat stroke appear, followed by prompt medical attention [6]. Group 3: Hydration and Diet - Consuming cold drinks is not an effective prevention method for heat stroke; alcoholic and high-sugar beverages can lead to further dehydration [9]. - It is recommended to maintain hydration by drinking water or electrolyte-rich beverages regularly, rather than waiting until feeling thirsty [9].

Core Points - The article discusses the increasing cases of heat stroke, particularly during the ongoing high-temperature weather in China, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and responding to heat stroke symptoms promptly [1][2]. Group 1: Types of Heat Stroke - There are two types of heat stroke: classic heat stroke, which primarily affects the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing conditions, with a mortality rate as high as 70%, and exertional heat stroke, which mainly affects young individuals engaged in physical activities in high-temperature environments, with a mortality rate around 30% [1][2][4]. Group 2: Emergency Response - Immediate cooling of the patient is crucial, with the goal of reducing core body temperature to below 39°C within 30 minutes and below 38.5°C within 2 hours to significantly lower the risk of death [2][3]. - Recommended emergency measures include moving the patient to a cool, ventilated area, removing excess clothing, applying wet towels to major blood vessel areas, and using cool water for immersion or spraying [3]. Group 3: Misdiagnosis and Awareness - Classic heat stroke can be easily misdiagnosed due to its subtle onset and symptoms, which may not always include a significant rise in body temperature, leading to potential oversight [4]. - Symptoms such as confusion, fever, or other discomforts after exposure to high temperatures should raise suspicion for heat stroke, necessitating immediate medical attention [4]. Group 4: Common Misconceptions - Drinking herbal remedies like Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Shui is not effective in preventing heat stroke, as it is intended for different conditions related to digestive issues rather than heat-related illnesses [5][6]. - Maintaining a room temperature of 26°C does not guarantee protection against heat stroke, as high humidity and lack of ventilation can also lead to heat-related illnesses [7]. - The use of antipyretics for heat stroke is inappropriate, as they do not address the underlying causes of elevated body temperature in these cases and may cause additional harm [8].

央视网消息：眼下，全国大部分地区迎来持续的高温天气，时值三伏天的初伏，这段时间，各地的热射病病例也逐渐增多。 说到热射病，其实它是属于中暑中最严重的，致死率非常高。炎炎夏日，我们应该如何去识别热射病？ 北京大学第三医院急诊科主任医师 葛洪霞：热射病分为两种类型，一种是叫经典型的热射病，它通常发于老年人、儿童或者是有一些基 础疾病，肥胖这种病人。因为有基础疾病的合并，所以他的病死率最高可以到70%，一般都在30%—70%以上。还有一种我们称之为劳力型热 射病，这种都是多发于在高温高湿的环境里边做体能训练，或者是一些室外作业。更多好发于年轻人，这种热射病死亡率大概在30%左右。 如果发现患者体温快速升高，达40℃以上，皮肤触摸发烫，可能出现干热无汗或大量出汗，同时身体表现出极度疲倦乏力，行动不稳。一 些患者会出现意识混乱、注意力不集中、烦躁不安等神经系统症状，甚至伴有恶心呕吐、腹痛，这时就要引起重视，可能是热射病。 立即降温！抓住热射病急救黄金30分钟 专家介绍，热射病的发病机制就是体温调节失衡，引发多器官损伤甚至死亡。一旦发现疑似热射病患者，必须立即降温，这样做可以大幅 降低死亡的风险。 专家介绍，一旦发现疑似 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing health risks associated with high temperatures, particularly focusing on heat stroke and cold-induced heat illness, and emphasizes the importance of preventive measures and timely medical intervention [1][2][5]. Group 1: Heat Stroke - Heat stroke is characterized by a core body temperature exceeding 42°C, leading to significant organ dysfunction and potential death [2]. - The condition arises when the body's temperature regulation fails, causing cellular energy metabolism disruption, particularly affecting vital organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys [2][3]. - Preventive measures include regular hydration of 200-300 milliliters per hour, balanced nutrition, and avoiding outdoor activities during peak heat hours [3][4]. Group 2: Cold-Induced Heat Illness - Cold-induced heat illness occurs when individuals transition from a cold environment to a hot one, causing symptoms like dizziness and nausea due to rapid temperature changes [5][6]. - To prevent this condition, it is advised to gradually adjust to temperature changes, maintain a maximum temperature difference of 5°C between indoor and outdoor environments, and ensure adequate hydration [7][8]. - Symptoms of cold-induced heat illness can be alleviated by loosening clothing, ensuring ventilation, and consuming small amounts of warm water [7][8].

Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing cases of heat stroke patients in Harbin Medical University First Affiliated Hospital's emergency department, with common symptoms including body temperature exceeding 42°C, significant consciousness impairment, and rapid multi-organ failure [1] Group 1: Medical Mechanism - Heat stroke is characterized by a significant rise in core body temperature, disruption of the nervous system, and multi-organ damage, which can lead to death in a short time [1] - The occurrence of heat stroke is attributed to the failure of the body's temperature regulation system, particularly when core temperature exceeds 40.5°C, leading to a breakdown in cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial function [1][2] Group 2: Physiological Effects - Sustained high body temperature can damage enzymes and proteins, interrupting vital biochemical reactions, initially manifesting as liver and kidney dysfunction [2] - Extreme temperatures can trigger an abnormal immune response, releasing inflammatory factors that increase vascular permeability and can lead to severe bleeding and shock [2] Group 3: Prevention and Recommendations - Preventing heat stroke involves more than just limiting outdoor activities; it requires proactive hydration, balanced nutrition, and proper timing for outdoor exposure [2] - Recommendations include drinking 200 to 300 milliliters of water every hour, especially during heavy sweating, and consuming foods rich in potassium and magnesium to enhance heat resistance [2] Group 4: Outdoor Activity Management - It is crucial to schedule outdoor activities wisely, avoiding strenuous exercise during peak heat hours from 10 AM to 4 PM [3] - Suggested protective measures include wearing light-colored, loose-fitting clothing, using sun protection, and carrying cooling devices [3] Group 5: Emergency Response - The key to treating heat stroke is rapid cooling and immediate medical attention, with a critical response time of about 10 minutes [3] - Initial steps include moving the patient to a cool, shaded area, removing excess clothing, and using cold water or ice packs to lower body temperature effectively [3]

Core Points - The article discusses the differences between heat stroke and heat exhaustion, emphasizing the severity of heat stroke and its potential life-threatening consequences [1][2] - It highlights the importance of early detection and intervention in preventing the progression from mild heat exhaustion to severe heat stroke [2] Group 1: Heat-Related Illnesses - Heat exhaustion is a gradual process with symptoms that can include excessive thirst, sweating, fatigue, dizziness, and flushed skin, while severe heat stroke can lead to high fever, convulsions, shock, and coma [1] - Heat stroke is characterized by three main symptoms: high fever, absence of sweating, and coma, with body temperatures potentially exceeding 40°C to 42°C [1] Group 2: Prevention and Treatment - Early detection, rapid cooling, and prompt medical attention are crucial in managing heat-related illnesses, as the duration of high body temperature correlates with the severity of tissue damage [2] - Recommendations for prevention include monitoring weather forecasts, reducing exposure to extreme heat, staying hydrated with electrolyte-rich fluids, and resting in cool areas when experiencing symptoms of discomfort [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising temperatures and the associated health risks, particularly focusing on heat stroke, its symptoms, and the importance of early recognition and treatment [1]. Group 1: Heat Stroke Overview - Heat stroke, medically known as "severe heat illness," is caused by an imbalance between heat production and dissipation due to exposure to high temperatures or intense physical activity, characterized by a core body temperature exceeding 40°C and central nervous system abnormalities [3]. - Key early warning signs for heat stroke include rapid increase in body temperature, extreme fatigue, dizziness, and confusion, summarized as "hot, shaky, dizzy, and confused" [3]. Group 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Symptoms of heat stroke can vary; atypical cases may not present with high core temperatures or severe consciousness disturbances, especially in elderly individuals and infants [3][4]. - Specific symptoms to watch for include intense nausea without vomiting, behavioral changes, and abnormal responses to environmental conditions [4]. Group 3: Emergency Response - The primary principle in treating heat stroke is to lower the core temperature as quickly and effectively as possible, with a critical window of 30 minutes to reduce the temperature below 40°C to significantly decrease mortality risk [4]. - Emergency measures include moving the patient to a cool, ventilated area, removing clothing, and using cold water immersion or cooling methods while monitoring vital signs [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the increasing cases of heat stroke, particularly heat stroke, due to prolonged high temperatures, highlighting its severe consequences and high mortality rate [1][3]. Group 1: Health Risks and Symptoms - Heat stroke can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and failure, with a mortality rate ranging from 14% to 65% [3]. - Initial symptoms of heat stroke include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and excessive sweating, which can escalate to severe conditions like unconsciousness and multi-organ damage if not treated promptly [5][7]. - High-risk groups include the elderly, infants, and individuals with chronic diseases, as well as those engaged in strenuous physical activities without adequate cooling [7][8]. Group 2: Prevention and Response - It is crucial to move individuals showing signs of heat stroke to cooler environments and implement cooling measures immediately [8]. - Common misconceptions include using alcohol for cooling, which can harm sensitive skin and lead to alcohol absorption issues; instead, using lukewarm water for wet compresses is recommended [8][12]. - Self-medication with cooling drugs is less effective than hydration; drinking water or saline solutions is prioritized for recovery [10][12].

Group 1 - The incidence of heat stroke cases is increasing due to prolonged high temperatures, with a high mortality rate ranging from 14% to 65% if not treated promptly [1][6] - Symptoms of heat stroke can escalate rapidly from mild heat exhaustion to severe heat stroke within a few hours, necessitating immediate medical attention to prevent irreversible damage [1][3] - High-risk groups for heat stroke include elderly individuals, infants, and those with chronic health conditions, as well as people engaged in outdoor work or strenuous physical activities [6][4] Group 2 - Enclosed environments, such as poorly ventilated spaces, can significantly increase the risk of heat stroke, particularly among the elderly who may avoid using air conditioning [4][3] - Common scenarios leading to heat stroke include prolonged cooking in non-air-conditioned kitchens, extended stays in indoor hot springs, and postpartum recovery without proper ventilation [4][6] - Immediate cooling measures and hydration are critical for individuals showing symptoms of heat stroke, as self-medication with cooling drugs is often ineffective [7][6]