来源：浮见 这个项目是由中国科学院院士、浙江大学医药学部学术委员会主任段树民牵头搞的。 01 今天实在写不动了，"浮见"就简单聊几句。 我刷到央视一条新闻，真是很震惊—— 专家说，北方地区脑血管病变患病率77%，显著高于南方。 这数字，够不够震撼？ 02 这是有科学依据的。 央视报道，中国已经建成亚洲最大的人脑库。对，就是人的大脑。 第一位大脑捐献者，是一位亨廷顿舞蹈症患者。他知道这病会遗传，就捐出了大脑供专家研究，为的是"让后代摆脱这个魔咒"。这境界，必须给个大大的 赞！ 正是靠着这些珍贵的样本，科研人员才发现了一个惊人的事实：脑血管病变和阿尔茨海默病的神经病理变化高度重合；而且在地域分布上差异巨大 —— 北方地区脑血管病变患病率高达77%，明显高于南方。 哎，这数据看得我心都揪起来了。 03 北方为啥这么"高危"？ 我查了些资料，原因大概有这么几个： 一是气候太"折磨人"。北方冬天室内外温差动不动就零下几十度，血管就像坐过山车一样反复"抽风"，血压说飙就飙。夏天也不省心，从空调房冲进大太 阳地，血管又得经历一轮考验。 二是饮食太"豪放"。咸菜、炖菜、油炸面食… 北方饮食里的盐和油，那真是一点不含糊。高盐直 ...

进入冬季，气温骤降且昼夜温差悬殊，老年人健康风险陡增。重庆市急救医疗中心急诊ICU近期接连收 治3名因隐匿症状入院的老人，其中两人出现白肺。医生警示，老年人感染初期可能无发烧、咳嗽等典 型症状，仅表现为呼吸困难、乏力等，易诱发慢阻肺急性发作；同时冬季也是脑卒中高发期。公众需警 惕相关信号，做好防护，早识别、早送医是关键。 隐匿呼吸异常藏凶险 "最近半个月，我们急诊ICU已经接连住进3位老人，都是因为忽视了初期的呼吸异常症状，送来时病情 已经很危重。"重庆市急救医疗中心急诊科副主任医师罗杰的话语中，透着对老年人群冬季健康防护的 担忧。在该中心急诊ICU病房内，医护人员正为一位老人进行床旁检查，这位老人正是因未重视呼吸困 难症状，最终发展为慢阻肺急性发作并出现白肺的患者之一。 为何冬季慢阻肺容易高发？罗杰分析，这与气候变化密切相关。低温环境会刺激人体呼吸道黏膜，加重 呼吸道炎症；同时昼夜温差悬殊，会破坏呼吸道的正常防御功能，让病菌更容易乘虚而入。而老年人的 呼吸道黏膜本就脆弱，气道防御功能和自我调节能力较弱，一旦出现呼吸道不适，就很容易诱发慢阻肺 急性发作。 在呼吸道防护方面，罗杰建议，老年人冬季应注意保暖，避免 ...

新浪财经"酒价内参"重磅上线 知名白酒真实市场价尽在掌握 来源：长沙晚报 体重达百公斤，长期昼夜颠倒， 嗜烟酒及奶茶，夜间鼾声如雷…… 长沙一名29岁的酒吧调酒师邓奇（化名） 近日突发脑出血被紧急送往医院 血压一度飙升至201/105毫摩尔汞柱 长沙市中心医院（南华大学附属长沙中心医院）专家迅速展开救治，目前患者病情初步稳定。该院神经 内科副主任、主任医师贺国华表示，我国约10%的脑卒中患者年龄低于45岁，高血压、肥胖、熬夜及久 坐不动是主要诱因。 事发当日，患者突发言语不清、右侧肢体无力，被紧急送到长沙市中心医院。急诊检查显示，其血压高 达201/105毫摩尔汞柱，颅脑CT检查被确诊为脑出血。经医院神经内科全力抢救，患者病情初步稳定， 目前仍需在重症监护室接受密切观察与治疗。 "这个病例非常典型。"神经内科副主任贺国华分析，患者因职业特点长期熬夜、作息混乱，日均睡眠不 足5小时，体重达100公斤，缺乏运动；既往有极高危高血压病史，吸烟、酗酒、高油高盐高糖饮食，致 血液黏稠度增加、血管壁受损、血压升高、动脉硬化。更关键的是，肥胖、代谢紊乱，加上严重的阻塞 性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，导致夜间人体反复缺氧，进一步加剧 ...

Core Insights - Winter is a high-risk season for strokes, with nearly 40% of adults in China at risk of stroke [1] - Extreme emotions and cold weather are significant triggers for stroke incidents [1] - Snoring, particularly with breathing pauses, is identified as a risk factor for stroke [2][4] - Oral health issues, such as periodontal disease, can lead to systemic inflammation and increase stroke risk [6] - Improper neck massage or sudden neck movements can cause arterial damage, leading to stroke [8] - Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or "mini-strokes," serve as warnings for potential severe strokes [9][11] - Timely medical intervention is crucial, with thrombolysis ideally performed within 4.5 hours of stroke onset [13] Group 1 - Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China, with a significant risk factor of nearly 40% [1] - Emotional fluctuations and cold weather can lead to sudden increases in blood pressure, triggering strokes [1] - The accumulation of risk factors over time contributes to the likelihood of stroke occurrence [1] Group 2 - Snoring with apnea can lead to repeated oxygen deprivation, increasing blood viscosity and stroke risk [4] - Individuals with loud, intermittent snoring and daytime sleepiness should seek medical attention [4] - Oral bacteria can enter the bloodstream, causing chronic inflammation and promoting atherosclerosis, which increases stroke risk [6] Group 3 - Rough neck massages or sudden neck movements can tear arterial linings, leading to blood clots and strokes, particularly in younger individuals [8] - Awareness of transient ischemic attacks is critical, as they can precede more severe strokes [9][11] - Immediate medical attention is necessary for TIA symptoms, as one-third of TIA patients may progress to severe strokes [11] Group 4 - Thrombolysis should be administered within 4.5 hours of stroke onset to maximize recovery potential [13] - Rehabilitation should begin as soon as the patient's condition stabilizes, ideally within three months post-stroke [13]

Core Insights - Stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China, with at least one in five deaths attributed to stroke [1] - The "China Neurological Disease Report 2024" highlights the increasing incidence of stroke, particularly among younger populations, and notes significant gender and regional differences in stroke prevalence [1][2] Summary by Sections Stroke Incidence and Mortality - In 2019, there were 3.94 million stroke cases in China, with 2.87 million being ischemic strokes, accounting for approximately 72.8% of cases [1] - The age-standardized incidence rate for ischemic stroke is rising, currently at 145 per 100,000, while the age-standardized mortality rate is 56.5 per 100,000 [1] Trends in Ischemic Stroke - The number of deaths from ischemic stroke in China increased by 171.1% from 1990 to 2019, correlating with the aging population [2] - The age-standardized mortality rate for ischemic stroke has shown a declining trend from 2005 to 2009, attributed to improvements in the healthcare system and public health education [2] Hemorrhagic Stroke Characteristics - The age-standardized incidence rate for hemorrhagic stroke is approximately 56 per 100,000, with a mortality rate of 65.1 per 100,000 [2] - Hemorrhagic stroke is characterized by a younger demographic, with higher incidence rates in males compared to females, and regional disparities showing higher rates in the north versus the south [2] Preventive Measures - Over 85% of hemorrhagic strokes are preventable through the management of risk factors such as high blood pressure, poor diet, air pollution, tobacco use, high body mass index, and high blood sugar [3] - Effective intervention on these risk factors can not only prevent the occurrence of hemorrhagic strokes but also reduce the risk of recurrence [3]

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of early recognition and immediate medical attention for stroke, highlighting the theme of World Stroke Day as "Recognize Early, Seek Immediate Care" [1][2] Group 1: Stroke Recognition and Response - Stroke is characterized by high incidence, mortality, disability, recurrence, and costs, but early identification and scientific prevention can mitigate these risks [1] - The "Stroke 120" mnemonic is introduced for quick assessment: "1" for an asymmetrical face, "2" for unilateral arm weakness, and "0" for unclear speech [1] - Immediate medical attention is crucial; patients should not wait for self-recovery and must call emergency services while ensuring the patient's airway is clear and avoiding food or medication [1][2] Group 2: Treatment Timelines - There are strict time windows for stroke treatment: intravenous thrombolysis can be performed within 4.5 hours for ischemic stroke, and endovascular thrombectomy within 6 hours, with some patients eligible up to 24 hours [2] - For hemorrhagic stroke, prompt surgical or interventional treatment is necessary to reduce intracranial pressure and brain tissue damage [2] Group 3: Prevention Strategies - Controlling risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, carotid artery stenosis, and heart diseases is essential for stroke prevention [2] - Lifestyle modifications are recommended, including a low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar diet, regular aerobic exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol [2] - The perception that stroke is primarily an elderly disease is outdated, as there is a rising trend of stroke incidence among younger individuals, necessitating increased awareness and preventive measures among this demographic [2]

Core Points - The article discusses the increasing incidence of strokes among young people and identifies four main factors contributing to this trend [1] - It emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of risk factors to prevent strokes [2] Group 1: Factors Contributing to Strokes in Young People - Many young individuals neglect regular health check-ups, leading to undiagnosed conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which can result in strokes [1] - Lifestyle choices, including late-night activities and lack of exercise, contribute to obesity and atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of stroke [1] - Cardiac issues, particularly atrial fibrillation or congenital heart diseases, can lead to blood clots that may block cerebral blood vessels, causing strokes [1] - Systemic diseases, such as autoimmune disorders, blood diseases, or arteritis, can also increase the likelihood of strokes in younger populations [1] - Specific risk factors for women include long-term use of contraceptives and smoking, which elevate stroke risk [1] Group 2: Early Detection and Prevention - The article highlights the "120 mnemonic" for early detection of stroke symptoms: - "1" refers to checking for facial symmetry and any drooping [2] - "2" involves assessing for weakness or numbness in one side of the body [2] - "0" indicates checking for difficulties in speech or understanding language [2] - Immediate action, such as calling emergency services (120) and seeking treatment at a specialized stroke center, is crucial upon noticing these warning signs [2]

Core Insights - Recent temperature drops across the country have led to a noticeable increase in patients with cardiovascular diseases visiting hospitals [1] - Clinical research indicates that for every 1 degree Celsius decrease in temperature, the risk of stroke increases by 1.13% [2] Group 1 - The sudden drop in temperature has resulted in a higher number of emergency visits for cardiovascular issues, particularly at Beijing Anzhen Hospital [1] - The consumption of high-calorie foods during winter may contribute to elevated cholesterol and blood lipid levels, further increasing health risks [2] Group 2 - There is a need for public awareness regarding the timely identification of stroke symptoms and appropriate responses when symptoms occur [2]

Core Insights - The recent drop in temperatures across the country has led to a significant increase in heart attack patients visiting hospitals, particularly among those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions [1][2] Group 1: Cardiovascular Disease Risks - Cold weather causes blood vessels to constrict, leading to increased blood pressure and added strain on the heart, which can trigger coronary artery spasms and worsen existing conditions [2] - Symptoms of heart issues can manifest in various forms, including chest pain, dizziness, and discomfort in different body parts, necessitating immediate medical attention [2][3] - The incidence of heart attacks is rising among younger individuals due to lifestyle factors such as obesity, stress, and smoking, highlighting the need for regular blood pressure monitoring and medical guidance [3] Group 2: Stroke Awareness and Prevention - A decrease in temperature by 1 degree Celsius increases the risk of stroke by 1.13%, with winter diets high in calories potentially raising cholesterol and blood lipid levels [4] - Recognizing stroke symptoms is crucial, with immediate treatment within a 4.5-hour window being vital for minimizing brain damage [4] - Establishing emergency protocols in hospitals for stroke treatment is essential, including ensuring airway clearance and timely emergency calls [4] Group 3: Lifestyle Recommendations - Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including proper hydration, balanced diet, and regular exercise, can significantly reduce the risk of stroke [5] - Maintaining good mental health and adequate sleep is important, as stress can contribute to immune issues and blood clot formation [5] - Engaging in consistent physical activity, even at home, can enhance overall cardiovascular health and reduce the likelihood of thrombus formation [5]

Core Insights - The article highlights the increasing incidence of cerebrovascular diseases, particularly strokes, during the autumn and winter seasons, emphasizing the urgency of timely medical intervention to prevent severe consequences [1][2]. Group 1: Cerebrovascular Disease Overview - Cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, are categorized under the term "stroke," with ischemic strokes accounting for 70% to 80% of cases and hemorrhagic strokes for 20% to 30% [2]. - The recurrence rate of strokes in autumn and winter is over 30% higher than in spring and summer, attributed to climatic factors such as lower temperatures leading to increased blood pressure and blood viscosity [2]. Group 2: Warning Signs of Stroke - Three critical warning signs indicate potential cerebrovascular blockage: transient vision loss, sudden motor function impairment, and temporary speech difficulties [3][4][6][8]. - These symptoms often precede a stroke and should prompt immediate medical attention [3]. Group 3: Risk Factors for Stroke - Common risk factors for stroke include poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, chronic dehydration, small vessel disease, and nighttime hypertension [10][11][12][14]. - A diet high in salt, sugar, and fat can significantly increase stroke risk, with studies indicating that reducing salt intake by 3 grams daily can lower stroke risk by 20% [10]. - Sedentary behavior, defined as sitting for more than 8 hours a day, raises stroke risk by 20% [11]. - Chronic dehydration can nearly double the risk of stroke, highlighting the importance of adequate fluid intake [12]. Group 4: Prevention Strategies - Experts recommend lifestyle modifications to prevent strokes, such as avoiding sudden physical exertion, managing emotional stress, and maintaining proper hydration [16][17]. - Regular health check-ups for individuals over 30 are advised to monitor blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipid levels [13].