全球多机构科学家联合绘制出首个迄今最详细的跨物种哺乳动物脑细胞发育图谱，为人类理解大脑早期 形成过程和神经发育障碍的起源提供了前所未有的详细参考。这项里程碑式的工作，覆盖从小鼠到人类 的多种哺乳动物，揭示了脑细胞在发育过程中如何出现、迁移、成熟并建立复杂网络的关键机制，标志 着脑科学研究进入新阶段。研究成果以12篇论文的形式发表于最新的《自然》系列期刊。 哥伦比亚大学精神病学系主任约书亚·戈登博士评价称，这些图谱不仅是重大科学成就，更是不可或缺 的参考资料，为研究自闭症、精神分裂症等起源于发育期的疾病提供了坚实框架。这一系列成果为未来 脑健康研究开辟了新路径，有望推动神经发育障碍的早期诊断与精准干预。 （文章来源：科技日报） 该研究来自BRAIN计划细胞网络图谱（BICAN），包括美国加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校、艾伦脑科学 研究所等多家机构团队整合了单细胞基因组学、空间转录组学和先进成像技术，构建了跨越多个物种、 贯穿发育全过程的脑细胞图谱。 在其中一项研究中，科学家聚焦小鼠端脑中的GABA能抑制性神经元，这类细胞如同大脑的"刹车系 统"，调控神经活动，维持不同脑区之间的协调，对运动、记忆和情绪管理至关重要。研 ...

Core Viewpoint - The study reveals that maternal immune activation due to viral infection leads to abnormal secretion of extracellular granzyme B (GzmB) by natural killer (NK) cells, which crosses the maternal-fetal barrier, resulting in the accumulation of fetal macrophages and activation of microglia, ultimately causing neurodevelopmental disorders and behavioral defects in offspring [2][3][6]. Group 1: Research Findings - Maternal NK cells activated by viral infection promote the accumulation of activated macrophages in the fetal brain, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders and behavioral defects in offspring [3][6]. - Extracellular granzyme B (GzmB) is released by maternal CD49a+ tissue-resident NK cell subsets under type I interferon stimulation, crossing the maternal-fetal barrier and promoting the accumulation of fetal macrophages expressing interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) and activation of microglia [3][6]. - Targeting extracellular GzmB by systemic administration of serine protease inhibitor Serpina3n or knocking out the GzmB gene in maternal NK cells can alleviate neuroimmune disorders in the fetal brain induced by maternal immune activation [3][6]. Group 2: Implications - The findings indicate that exposure to a disrupted maternal environment reprograms the immune function of decidual NK cells, disrupting the neuroimmune balance in the fetus and increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring [6].