新华财经巴黎2月14日电（记者李文昕）法国国家统计与经济研究所13日发布的数据显示，受销量下 滑、工厂关闭和外包等因素的影响，2010年至2023年间，法国汽车行业（包括制造商、供应商）的就业 人数减少了33%，裁员现象日益普遍。 其中，汽车制造商在法国的员工流失尤为严重，从13.14万减少到8.54万，降幅达35%。例如，雷诺和斯 泰兰蒂斯选择将工厂迁往罗马尼亚、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克等其他欧洲国家，或迁往 摩洛哥、土耳其等国，从而导致其在法国的员工人数显著减少。 法国国家统计与经济研究所特别在报告中指出，伴随着电动汽车技术突破实现迅速发展，以及欧洲实施 的"禁燃令"，法国四分之三的汽车行业供应商已积极参与电动汽车的生产，创造了大量新的就业机会。 法国国家统计与经济研究所表示，相关调查首次涵盖了所有与汽车行业相关的工业生产部门。调查显 示，全行业就业人数从2010年的42.55万下降到2023年的28.68万，减少了近13.9万个全职岗位。 （文章来源：新华财经） 同时，供应商的情况也类似，通过关闭工厂或调整生产方式，其在法国的员工人数减少了31.5%，从 29.4万人减少到20.1万。 ...

Core Argument - The article discusses the ongoing debate surrounding the EU's 2035 ban on combustion engine vehicles, highlighting German Chancellor Merz's push to reconsider the legislation due to its potential impact on millions of jobs in the German automotive industry [1][3][11]. Group 1: Legislative Context - The EU's regulation mandates a 55% reduction in new car carbon emissions by 2030, a further 50% reduction by 2034, and a complete zero-emission requirement by 2035, effectively phasing out internal combustion engine technology [3][4]. - The legislation has faced opposition from Germany, with former Chancellor Scholz expressing resistance to the ban [3][4]. Group 2: Economic Impact - The German automotive industry contributes nearly 5% to the national GDP and provides jobs for over 7 million workers, making it a critical sector for the country's economy [4][6]. - Merz's stance is supported by the German Automotive Industry Association and the Metal Industry Association, which have united to exert pressure on the EU [8][11]. Group 3: Industry Dynamics - The automotive sector in Germany is at a crossroads, facing challenges from the global expansion of Chinese electric vehicles and increasing import tariffs from the U.S. [11][19]. - The internal combustion engine is seen as a vital part of the industry, with companies like Volkswagen and BMW expressing concerns over the financial implications of a complete ban [8][17]. Group 4: Technological Considerations - The EU's legislation does allow for the registration and use of vehicles powered by synthetic fuels after 2035, which is viewed as a potential lifeline for the internal combustion engine [13][23]. - The development of solid-state batteries is anticipated to revolutionize the automotive market, with projections indicating that they will begin limited use by 2027 and achieve mass production by 2030 [23][25].

Core Viewpoint - The EU is currently in a heated debate regarding the future of the automotive industry, particularly focusing on the adjustment of the 2035 "ban on combustion engines" as part of a comprehensive package aimed at reducing emissions and facilitating the transition to electric vehicles. This package has been delayed due to disagreements among member states, highlighting the tension between climate commitments and industrial survival [2][3][4]. Group 1: Current Industry Crisis - The European automotive industry is facing a crisis characterized by factory closures and increasing layoffs, making the comprehensive package a potential "rescue plan" [2]. - The EU's internal divisions are stark, with countries like Germany and Italy advocating for a more lenient approach to the 2035 ban, while France and Spain insist on maintaining the zero-emission target to protect industrial leadership [2][6]. - The European Commission predicts that the proposed policies could lead to over €300 billion in investments in emerging industries like batteries and electric motors, creating 1.2 million jobs [4]. Group 2: Policy Adjustments and Industry Response - In March 2023, the EU Council passed a historic proposal to ban the sale of non-zero-emission vehicles starting in 2035, requiring a 55% reduction in CO2 emissions for new cars from 2030 to 2034 compared to 2021 levels [3]. - The automotive sector's transition has not met expectations, with a significant drop in electric vehicle sales, particularly in Germany, where sales fell by 27.4% year-on-year due to the termination of purchase subsidies [4][5]. - The EU Commission has postponed the annual carbon emissions assessment for new cars from 2025 to 2027, signaling a compromise with industry realities [5]. Group 3: Diverging National Interests - Countries like Germany and Italy are pushing for the retention of internal combustion engine options post-2035, citing the need to balance climate goals with industrial competitiveness [5][6]. - Eastern European countries, including Slovakia, are advocating for a longer transition period and special funds for worker retraining, as their economies heavily rely on traditional fuel vehicle production [6]. - In contrast, France and Spain are focused on maintaining the zero-emission target, viewing the transition to electric vehicles as essential for industrial advancement and climate goals [7]. Group 4: Local Manufacturing and Policy Framework - France has proposed increasing the local sourcing of automotive parts to 75% for electric vehicles sold in Europe, aligning with current levels for internal combustion vehicles [8][9]. - The EU is considering setting a local manufacturing threshold of up to 70% for key goods, including automobiles, as a condition for public procurement and subsidies [9]. - The EU Commission is navigating between various national interests, likely leading to further flexibility in the "ban on combustion engines," potentially allowing hybrid and range-extended vehicles to continue sales post-2035 under certain conditions [9].

Core Viewpoint - The report by the European Federation for Transport and Environment (T & E) highlights that the European automotive industry is at a critical juncture, where the advancement or delay of the "ban on combustion engines" proposal will significantly impact the industry's future direction [1][2]. Industry Impact - The report indicates a projected decline of 5.9% in electric vehicle sales in the EU for 2024, with the threat of tariffs from the Trump administration further complicating the situation [1][2]. - If the EU abandons the 2035 target to ban the sale of combustion engine vehicles, it could result in the loss of 1 million jobs in the automotive sector and a potential investment loss of up to two-thirds in the new energy sector [2][4]. Employment and Economic Contribution - T & E's report supports the continuation of the "ban on combustion engines," suggesting that adherence to the 2035 clean energy goals could lead to the automotive industry contributing an additional 11% to the European economy by 2035 [4]. - If the ban is enforced until 2030, job losses in traditional automotive manufacturing could be offset by the creation of over 100,000 jobs in battery and electric vehicle sectors, with a total of 120,000 jobs expected in the new energy sector by 2035 [5][6]. Battery Manufacturing and Investment - The report emphasizes that ensuring over 900 GWh of battery manufacturing capacity could create over 100,000 new jobs, with the economic output of the battery industry projected to increase fivefold to €79 billion by 2035 [6][14]. - T & E's analysis of 13 electric vehicle projects in Europe indicates that successful implementation could yield an annual production capacity of at least 2.1 million electric vehicles by 2027, meeting the growing market demand [9][12]. Risk Assessment of Projects - The report categorizes projects into low, medium, and high-risk levels based on various criteria, with low-risk projects expected to generate 390 GWh of capacity and create approximately 43,000 jobs [15][16]. - Medium-risk projects could provide 630 GWh of capacity and support 47,500 jobs, while high-risk projects, still in conceptual stages, could yield 410 GWh of capacity and 37,500 jobs, contingent on future policy decisions [15][16]. Regional Insights - Countries like Poland and Hungary show clearer development prospects in battery manufacturing, with Hungary potentially increasing its capacity by 90 GWh, positioning itself as a new hub for the electric vehicle industry in Europe [19][20].

Core Insights - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the evolution of Sino-German automotive cooperation, highlighting a strategic shift towards localized R&D by German companies in China, marking the beginning of a "Joint Venture Cooperation 2.0 Era" [1][2]. Group 1: New Trends in Sino-German Automotive Cooperation - Recent years have seen a strategic focus from German companies in China characterized by "In China, for China," with a strong emphasis on localized R&D [2]. - A survey conducted by the German Automotive Industry Association revealed that 70% of member companies plan to increase investments in China, with over 78% focusing on R&D [2]. - The supply chain collaboration has evolved from a "chain" model to a "network" model, involving partnerships with both traditional suppliers and innovative Chinese startups [2]. Group 2: Financial and Investment Initiatives - German companies are not only investing in product development but are also establishing joint ventures and partnerships with promising domestic firms in areas like autonomous driving and chip technology [3][4]. Group 3: Observations on Chinese Companies Entering Europe - The experience of German companies in China over the past 40 years offers valuable lessons for Chinese firms looking to expand into Europe, emphasizing the importance of long-term strategies and patience [5][6]. - The current wave of Chinese companies entering Europe is significantly different from previous attempts, with a broader impact and deeper significance [6]. Group 4: Challenges in European Electric Vehicle Development - The slow progress of electric vehicle development in Europe is attributed to several factors, including inadequate charging infrastructure, high energy prices, and inconsistent policy support across EU member states [8][9][10]. - The EU's ambitious 2035 "ban on combustion engines" goal faces challenges in aligning industry needs with policy objectives [10]. Group 5: Recommendations for Chinese Companies in Europe - Chinese companies should adopt a long-term perspective and strategic consistency when entering the European market, treating it as a significant consumer market [11]. - Compliance with stringent European regulations is crucial, as any product issues can lead to severe reputational damage [11]. - Understanding consumer preferences is essential, as products successful in China may not necessarily meet the demands of European customers [11].