Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government aims to enhance air quality and reduce PM2.5 concentrations significantly by 2027 and 2035, with stricter standards for air pollutant emissions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1] Group 1: Air Quality Improvement Goals - By 2027, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) nationwide is targeted to drop below 28 micrograms per cubic meter, with cities striving to meet this standard [1] - By 2035, the goal is to further reduce the PM2.5 concentration to below 25 micrograms per cubic meter [1] - As of 2024, approximately 25% of cities have not met the current air quality standards, with some cities exceeding 40 micrograms per cubic meter [1] Group 2: Energy Structure Adjustment - China is accelerating the construction of a new energy system, optimizing the integrated operation of "source-network-load-storage" [2] - The marginal cost of renewable energy generation is expected to decrease, supported by policy guidance, leading to a downward trend in electricity prices [2] - Improved electricity efficiency will support the transition from coal and oil to electricity in industrial and transportation sectors, significantly reducing air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions [2] Group 3: Industrial Structure Adjustment - Continuous improvement of laws, regulations, and standards will promote the upgrading of traditional industries [2] - Key industries such as thermal power, steel, and cement are gradually achieving ultra-low emissions, while deep governance in sectors like glass and waste treatment is progressing [2] - The comprehensive governance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is being enhanced, with significant reductions in pollutant emissions expected [2] Group 4: Transportation Structure Adjustment - Mobile sources are becoming the primary contributors to urban air pollution, necessitating a shift towards electric vehicles [3] - As of June 2025, the number of electric vehicles is projected to reach 36.89 million, accounting for 10.27% of the total vehicle ownership [3] - A reduction in the proportion of traditional fuel vehicles from approximately 90% to below 70% could lead to significant decreases in PM2.5 concentrations [3] Group 5: Spatial Structure Adjustment - Adjusting spatial structures, including land use planning, is crucial for improving air quality [4] - Transitioning from a single-center development model to a multi-center and networked approach is essential for alleviating pollution in urban areas [4] - The government has outlined a clear implementation path for air quality improvement and the construction of a beautiful China [4]

Core Viewpoint - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development to build a beautiful China, with green development as a distinctive feature of Chinese modernization [1] Group 1: Green Transformation and Carbon Goals - The plan aims to leverage carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals to promote carbon reduction, pollution control, green expansion, and economic growth [3][5] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is crucial for achieving significant improvements in ecological and environmental conditions, focusing on pollution prevention and ecosystem optimization [4][8] Group 2: Energy and Innovation - Accelerating the green and low-carbon energy transition is identified as a key driver for comprehensive green transformation, with China having established the world's largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system [5][7] - Since 2016, China has accounted for 37% of the world's new green low-carbon patents, and when including overseas applications, this figure rises to 58%, indicating a robust innovation environment supporting a burgeoning new industry [6] Group 3: Structural Transformation - The transition from controlling total energy consumption to precise management of carbon emission quality is expected to respond more effectively to carbon reduction targets [8] - By 2035, the goal is to have a fundamentally built beautiful China, with the carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets set as new national contributions [8]