来源|华尔街见闻 近期汇率成了市场的"主角"，节后亚洲货币集体暴走，人民币大涨近600点，后续升值空间几何？ 周二，在岸人民币兑美元升至去年11月以来最高水平，日内涨近600点。 亚洲汇市过去两天剧烈波动，离岸人民币一度涨破7.20，港币连续触及强方兑换保证，台币更 是"历史级别"的暴涨，两天累计上涨超过9%。而大涨背后最直接的导火索是美国关税谈判的积极 信号。 展望后市，短期内人民币的升值的空间有多大？中长期看，亚洲货币的少见变化透露了什么信号？ 01 后续人民币的升值的空间有多大？ 民生宏观邵翔认为，既然美国大幅加征关税时人民币贬值有限，对谈判出现缓和带来的升值预期也 应保持克制，更倾向于在7.10至7.20之间。 一是央行的心理价位。从今天（5月6日）央行公布的中间价来看，人民币汇率定价还是主要锚定美 元，干预市场的意图并不明显——当前的水平可能尚未触及关键点位。而从近两年的历史经验，7.1 和7.0都是央行比较在意的水平。 二是人民币相对于其他货币的变化。央行可能需要控制人民币相对于其他货币的贬值幅度，避免新 的摩擦。以欧元为例子，当前欧元兑人民币为8.21。极端情况下，人民币相对欧元涨回4月10日前 ...

Core Viewpoint - Recent fluctuations in exchange rates have made them the focal point of the market, with Asian currencies experiencing significant movements, particularly the Chinese yuan, which surged nearly 600 points against the US dollar, reaching its highest level since November of the previous year [1][4]. Group 1: Currency Movements - The onshore yuan rose to its highest level since November, gaining nearly 600 points in a single day [1]. - The offshore yuan briefly surpassed 7.20 against the US dollar, while the Hong Kong dollar hit its strong-side convertibility guarantee, and the Taiwanese dollar saw a historic surge, accumulating over 9% in two days [4]. Group 2: Factors Influencing Currency Changes - The immediate catalyst for these significant currency movements was positive signals from US tariff negotiations [4]. - Analysts suggest that the yuan's appreciation potential should be tempered, with expectations of trading between 7.10 and 7.20, as the central bank's intervention intentions remain unclear [6]. Group 3: Long-term Implications for Asian Currencies - The collective movements of Asian currencies may indicate a shift in exchange rate paradigms, suggesting structural pressure on the US dollar [6]. - The Hong Kong dollar, Taiwanese dollar, and Chinese yuan represent three distinct exchange rate models, each facing unique challenges and potential adjustments in response to changing global dynamics [6][7]. Group 4: Currency Models - The Hong Kong dollar operates under a model anchored to the US dollar, raising concerns about maintaining its peg amid a weakening dollar system [6][7]. - The Taiwanese dollar's model involves currency undervaluation to accumulate trade surpluses, with potential shifts towards diversification in investment strategies as external conditions change [7]. - The yuan's model focuses on limiting volatility through mechanisms like the central bank's middle rate guidance, with limited participation from domestic financial institutions [7].

美国政府经贸政策动摇美元体系。 冷战结束后的前二十多年，全球化不断推进，美元在全球贸易、投融资的中心货币地位持续提升。但自2016年起，美 国奉行"脱钩断链"、"小院高墙"。美国对中、俄等贸易大国的贸易保护、制裁等措施，使得美元的使用范围正在收缩。而美国频繁动用金融制裁也使得市 场对于持有美元的担忧有所上升。在这种情况下，为保持美元的吸引力，美国需要维持高利率以及强势的货币币值。 但美国如果延续高利率政策又将动摇美债体系。 美国在对外采取贸易保护的同时，对内已转向"大政府"思路，这使得美国政府债务率被推至历史高位。而且从 近期美国的战略规划来看，未来美国仍将维持高强度财政投入。在此背景下，如果高利率持续，将意味着债务的利息负担急剧扩张，进而导致债务率本身加速 上升，引发市场对于美债可持续性的担忧。 "稳美元"还是"稳美债"，联储货币政策框架或已发生系统性改变。 从上述分析可以看出，联储除了其传统的关注点——就业与通胀——之外，还不得不同时关 注维持美元吸引力以及维系美债可持续性的问题。但这两个目标对联储的诉求是矛盾的，"稳美元"需要相对高利率来维持对资金的吸引力，而"稳美债"则需要利 率不能过高。联储面临"双 ...