国庆和中秋长假结束，10月份需关注基孔肯雅热、登革热、急性呼吸道传染病、手足口病、诺如病毒肠炎、猴痘 等传染病。那么，哪些防护措施可以有效预防这些传染病的发生？一份健康指南请查收。 一、基孔肯雅热、登革热等蚊媒传染病 基孔肯雅热是由基孔肯雅病毒引起、经伊蚊叮咬传播的急性传染病。临床表现主要为发热、皮疹、关节疼痛。 登革热是由登革病毒引起的、主要经伊蚊叮咬传播的急性传染病，临床表现主要为发热、疲乏、厌食、恶心、"三 痛"（剧烈头痛、后眼窝痛、肌肉和关节痛）和"三红"（面部、颈部、胸部潮红）。 主要防护措施 1.避免蚊子叮咬。居住在或前往有伊蚊的地区，在居室内和办公场所，使用蚊香或电蚊香液并使用纱门纱窗和蚊 帐进行防蚊。前往公园、绿化带等地点，应穿长袖衣服及长裤，并于外露的皮肤及衣服上涂上蚊虫驱避药物。避 免在蚊虫出没频繁时间段（上午7点—9点，下午5点—7点）在草丛、树荫下等户外阴暗潮湿处长时间逗留。 3.提高自我就诊意识。居住在或前往有伊蚊的地区后，需密切关注自身健康状况，如出现发热、皮疹、关节和肌 肉痛等症状，及时就医，并告知医生近期本人的旅行史和蚊虫叮咬史。 二、急性呼吸道传染病 引起急性呼吸道感染的病原 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent surge in Chikungunya fever cases in Guangdong, China, highlighting the significant increase in reported cases and the government's response to control the outbreak [3][4]. Summary by Sections Recent Developments - Over the past four weeks, Guangdong province has reported over 10,000 new cases of Chikungunya fever, marking an 11.7-fold increase compared to the previous four weeks [3][4]. - The latest report from the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control indicates that from October 5 to October 11, there were 2,257 new local cases, with no severe cases or deaths reported [3]. Case Distribution - The majority of new cases (80.8%, or 8,900 cases) originated from Jiangmen city, which saw a dramatic rise in cases starting mid-September [4]. - Other cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan also experienced increases in new cases, with Guangzhou rising from 47 to 201 cases and Shenzhen from 12 to 109 cases over the same period [5]. Government Response - Local authorities in cities like Zhuhai and Jiangmen have implemented public health emergency responses and are focusing on mosquito control measures to prevent further spread [4][6]. - The government emphasizes the importance of collaboration with neighboring cities and regions to enhance the effectiveness of the control measures [5]. Ongoing Risks - Despite the implementation of control measures, the risk of Chikungunya fever spreading remains high due to the active mosquito season and recent public holidays that led to increased human movement [6][7]. - Experts warn that the situation requires continuous monitoring and proactive measures to mitigate the risk of further outbreaks [6].

Core Points - The risk of the spread of Chikungunya fever in Guangdong Province remains high, with over 10,000 new cases reported in the past four weeks, marking an 11.7 times increase compared to the previous four weeks [1][2] - The majority of new cases (80.8% or 8,900 cases) are concentrated in Jiangmen City, which has seen a significant rise in cases since mid-September [2] - Local governments are implementing strict public health measures and enhancing cooperation with neighboring cities to improve epidemic prevention efforts [2][3] Summary by Sections Current Situation - Guangdong Province reported 2,257 new local cases of Chikungunya fever from October 5 to October 11, with no severe cases or deaths reported [1] - The total number of new cases in the last four weeks reached 11,017, compared to 940 in the previous four weeks [1] Regional Focus - Jiangmen City has been the epicenter, with a drastic increase in cases leading to the activation of a Level III public health emergency response on September 20 [2] - Other cities like Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan also reported rising case numbers, indicating a broader regional issue [2] Government Response - Local officials are actively coordinating efforts to control the outbreak, with specific measures to eliminate mosquito breeding grounds and enhance public health protocols [3][4] - The Guangdong Provincial CDC emphasizes the need for continued vigilance due to the ongoing risk of transmission, especially following the recent holiday period [4] Disease Characteristics - Chikungunya fever is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and presents symptoms such as fever, joint pain, and rash, with a typical incubation period of 1 to 12 days [4]

Group 1 - The French Public Health Agency reported 30 local transmission cases of Chikungunya fever from May 1 to August 26 this year, totaling 228 reported cases [1] - The cases are primarily concentrated in the southern regions of France, including Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Corsica, and Occitanie [1] - The increase in Chikungunya transmission is linked to a virus strain highly adapted to the Aedes albopictus mosquito, prevalent in the Indian Ocean territories, particularly Réunion Island [1] Group 2 - During the same period, the health department recorded 946 cases of imported Chikungunya, 825 cases of dengue fever, and 7 cases of Zika virus disease in France [1] - According to the World Health Organization, Chikungunya is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, and rash [1] - Most patients recover within a week, although joint pain may persist for a longer duration [1]

Group 1 - The article discusses mosquito-borne diseases, which are transmitted through mosquito bites and include illnesses such as Chikungunya, Dengue fever, and Malaria, leading to symptoms like high fever and body aches [1] - Traditional Chinese medicine categorizes mosquito-borne diseases under the "damp-heat" category, emphasizing the importance of mosquito prevention during late summer and early autumn [1] - Various methods for mosquito repellent are suggested, including making sachets with ingredients like mugwort and other herbs, and using incense made from floating grass and other components [1] Group 2 - The article also mentions traditional Chinese remedies for alleviating symptoms after mosquito bites, such as foot baths with specific herbs to clear heat and dampness, and wet compresses to relieve itching and skin irritation [2]

Core Viewpoint - Guangzhou's disease control center has launched a new feature on its mosquito monitoring map to provide daily travel risk alerts to citizens, emphasizing the importance of personal protection against mosquito-borne diseases [1][4]. Group 1: Mosquito Monitoring Map Features - The mosquito monitoring map allows users to check low, medium, and high-risk areas for mosquito density, providing early warnings for diseases like dengue and chikungunya [2]. - The map has been operational since 2023 and can be accessed via the official website and the "Guangzhou CDC iHealth" WeChat account [2]. - The monitoring results are updated bi-weekly during low mosquito activity seasons and weekly during peak transmission periods, with the latest data showing 45 out of 120 monitored districts meeting control standards [2][4]. Group 2: Risk Assessment Metrics - The risk levels are determined using the Breteau Index (BI) and the Mosquito Ovitrap Index (MOI), with specific thresholds indicating varying levels of risk for dengue transmission [2][3]. - A BI above 5 indicates transmission risk, while a BI above 20 suggests outbreak risk; similarly, an MOI above 5 indicates transmission risk, and above 20 indicates regional epidemic risk [3]. Group 3: User Guidance and Recommendations - Users can receive alerts if they are in areas undergoing mosquito-borne disease control measures, prompting them to take precautions against mosquito bites [4]. - Recommendations for individuals in high-risk areas include eliminating standing water, using mosquito nets, and applying mosquito repellent [5].

Core Viewpoint - The World Health Organization (WHO) has raised alarms about a new outbreak of Chikungunya virus linked to the Indian Ocean region, which has spread to Europe and other continents, urging immediate action to prevent a repeat of the global epidemic from 20 years ago [1] Group 1: Current Situation and Historical Context - France has reported approximately 800 imported cases of Chikungunya since May 1, with 12 confirmed local transmission cases [1] - The most severe outbreak historically occurred in the French overseas department of Réunion from 2005 to 2006, infecting over 26.6 million people and resulting in 250 deaths [2] - France is considered a high-risk country for Chikungunya due to frequent exchanges with French-speaking African nations and the increasing frequency of imported cases every 3-5 years [2] Group 2: Response and Prevention Strategies - France has established a comprehensive response and prevention system for mosquito-borne diseases, integrating national and community-level strategies [3] - The "National Mosquito-Borne Disease Monitoring System" operates through five key stages: capture, identification, detection, early warning, and response [3] - The EID-Med program monitors the distribution and virus-carrying status of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, providing real-time data to decision-makers [3] Group 3: Climate Change Impact - Climate change is enhancing the suitability of European climates for mosquito species, particularly Aedes albopictus, leading to an increased risk of virus transmission [5] - France's inland areas now possess the climatic conditions necessary for Chikungunya virus transmission, with local cases reported earlier than in previous years [6] - A comprehensive early warning system combining climate suitability models and northward transmission predictions is necessary to address the challenges posed by climate change [6] Group 4: Recommendations for Other Regions - The experience from France suggests that countries facing similar risks should enhance quarantine measures for incoming travelers and goods from endemic regions [6] - Continuous mosquito control activities and environmental health interventions are recommended to mitigate risks [6] - Establishing a monitoring system similar to France's could help in early detection and response to potential outbreaks [6]

Core Insights - The recent outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Foshan, Guangdong, has raised significant public health concerns, with over 4,000 reported cases as of July 24, 2025, primarily in Shunde District [2][3] - The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for urgent action to prevent a repeat of the large-scale outbreak from 2004-2005, which affected nearly 500,000 people globally [1][2] - Climate change and urbanization are accelerating the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, posing a substantial challenge to global public health [7][8] Summary by Sections Outbreak Details - The first case in Foshan was linked to an imported infection, leading to local transmission [2] - All reported cases are mild, with no human-to-human transmission observed; the primary mode of transmission is through mosquito bites [2][3] - Symptoms include high fever, severe joint pain, and rash, with self-recovery expected in most cases [2] Global Context - The outbreak began in early 2025, with significant infections reported in Indian Ocean islands and spreading to Africa and parts of South Asia [1][2] - France and Italy have also reported cases, raising concerns about the virus's spread beyond tropical regions [2] Prevention and Treatment - Currently, there is no specific treatment for Chikungunya; prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites through various measures [3] - Two vaccines have received partial regulatory approval, but widespread use is not yet recommended due to insufficient efficacy data [3] Climate Impact - Global warming is pushing the distribution of the Aedes albopictus mosquito into temperate regions, increasing the risk of Chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases in Europe and beyond [7][8] - Predictions indicate that the incidence of Chikungunya and similar diseases could increase fivefold by 2060 due to climate change [7] Public Health Response - Effective mosquito control, monitoring, and research investment are critical to managing the threat posed by Chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases [10] - The need for a comprehensive public health strategy involving government, research institutions, and the public is emphasized to combat these emerging threats [10]

Core Viewpoint - The article addresses the recent emergence of mosquito-borne diseases in southern cities of China, particularly focusing on the prevention and control measures recommended by the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention [1] Group 1: Understanding Mosquito-Borne Diseases - Mosquito-borne diseases are defined as illnesses transmitted through mosquito bites, with dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus being the three common viral diseases globally [2] - These diseases are primarily spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and are not transmitted through casual contact or respiratory routes [3] Group 2: Treatment and Vaccination - Currently, there are no vaccines or specific medications available for these three diseases in China, and treatment mainly involves supportive care and mosquito isolation [4] - For chikungunya, rest, fluid intake, and over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen can alleviate symptoms, while aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided until dengue fever is ruled out [4] Group 3: Personal Prevention Measures - Individuals are advised to create a "mosquito-free space" by wearing light-colored long-sleeve clothing and using mosquito repellent containing DEET or other active ingredients during outdoor activities [5] - Accommodation should be chosen with mosquito-proof measures, and symptoms like fever or joint pain should prompt immediate medical consultation [5] Group 4: Travel Precautions - Travelers are encouraged to research mosquito-borne disease risks at their destinations and prepare adequate protective supplies, including mosquito repellent and light clothing [6][8] - Post-travel, individuals should continue to monitor their health for two weeks and seek medical attention if symptoms arise [9] Group 5: Community Cooperation in Epidemic Situations - The public is urged to assist in community efforts to eliminate mosquito breeding sites by cleaning up stagnant water and maintaining hygiene [10] - Emphasis is placed on the importance of cutting the "human-mosquito-human" transmission chain, especially during the active summer mosquito season [11]

Core Viewpoint - Recent outbreaks of Chikungunya fever in certain southern cities of China have raised public concern regarding mosquito-borne diseases, prompting the National Health Commission to provide authoritative answers from experts at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [1]. Group 1: Understanding Mosquito-Borne Diseases - Mosquito-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted through mosquito bites, with Dengue fever, Chikungunya fever, and Zika virus disease being the three common viral diseases widely prevalent globally [2][16]. - Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, characterized by high fever (up to 40°C), severe headaches, muscle and joint pain, and rashes, with severe cases potentially leading to bleeding or shock [3][17]. - Chikungunya fever is caused by the Chikungunya virus, presenting sudden fever and severe joint pain, particularly affecting small joints like wrists and ankles, with most patients recovering within one to two weeks [3][18]. - Zika virus disease is caused by the Zika virus, with approximately 80% of infected adults showing no symptoms; however, it poses significant risks to pregnant women, potentially leading to severe birth defects such as microcephaly [3][18]. Group 2: Treatment and Prevention - Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments available for these three diseases in China, with clinical management focusing on supportive care and mosquito isolation measures [4][19]. - For Chikungunya fever, rest, fluid intake, and over-the-counter pain relievers (such as acetaminophen) can alleviate some symptoms [5][21]. - It is crucial for patients to avoid taking aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen) until dengue fever is ruled out, to reduce the risk of bleeding [6][21]. Group 3: Personal and Travel Precautions - Individuals are advised to create a "mosquito-free space" by wearing light-colored long-sleeved clothing outdoors and using mosquito repellents containing active ingredients like DEET or Picaridin [7][22]. - When traveling abroad, it is recommended to research the mosquito-borne disease situation at the destination, especially for pregnant women who should avoid areas with Zika virus outbreaks [8][9][10]. - After returning from travel, individuals should continue to take precautions against mosquito bites for two weeks and seek medical attention if symptoms like fever or joint pain arise [11][24]. Group 4: Community Involvement in Epidemic Control - The public is encouraged to actively participate in community efforts to eliminate mosquito breeding sites by cleaning up stagnant water containers and maintaining hygiene [12][25]. - The key to controlling these mosquito-borne diseases lies in breaking the "human-mosquito-human" transmission chain, especially during the active mosquito season in summer [13][25].