"监测显示，目前河南的流感活动仍处于上升阶段。"省疾控中心免疫规划所医师王笑阳介绍，北方省份 的流感流行季一般从每年10月持续到次年3月。 流感是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，其传播速度快、易发生变异，每年都会引发季节性流行， 容易在学校、托幼机构等集体单位出现聚集性疫情。 那么，当前"唱主角"的是哪一种流感病毒？ "目前占优势的是甲型H3N2。"王笑阳说，去年流行季以甲型H1N1为主。 王笑阳解释，根据病毒核蛋白和基质蛋白，流感病毒可分为A（甲型）、B（乙型）、C（丙型）、D （丁型）四型，常见的引起季节性流感的是甲型中的H3N2和H1N1以及乙型中的Victoria系。不同亚型 引起的症状大体相似。 今年流感的高峰何时到来？根据既往流感流行规律，流感核酸阳性率峰值一般出现在12月下旬至次年1 月。上一个流感流行季峰值出现在2025年1月中旬，而今年峰值可能出现在12月底，随后逐步回落，到 明年4月进入非流行季。 近日，河南省多家医院的儿科和发热门诊进入"扎堆模式"。这波来势汹汹的呼吸道疾病高峰，到底何时 见顶？该如何科学应对？11月19日，记者走访了多家医院与疾控部门一探究竟。 峰值可能出现在12月底 ...

Group 1 - Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease primarily affecting children, particularly those under 5 years old, with the highest risk in ages 1-2 [2][3] - The disease can occur year-round, but peaks are observed in spring (April to July) and autumn (September to November) [3] - Symptoms include fever, red spots, blisters, or ulcers on hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks, along with possible cough and loss of appetite [3] Group 2 - The primary transmission routes are fecal-oral, close contact, and droplet transmission [4][5] - Preventive measures include vaccination, good hygiene practices, environmental protection, and enhancing children's immunity [6] - The EV-A71 virus is the most severe among the enteroviruses causing HFMD, and vaccination against it does not provide protection against other strains [7] Group 3 - In case of infection, mild cases require home care, including isolation, fever management, and oral care [9] - Immediate medical attention is necessary if severe symptoms arise, such as persistent high fever, lethargy, rapid breathing, or signs of dehydration [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need to monitor various infectious diseases, including Chikungunya, Dengue fever, acute respiratory infections, Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Norovirus gastroenteritis, and Monkeypox, following the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays in October 2025 [1] Group 1: Mosquito-borne Diseases - Chikungunya is an acute infectious disease caused by the Chikungunya virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, rash, and joint pain [2] - Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus, also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presenting symptoms such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, severe headaches, and muscle and joint pain [2] Group 2: Preventive Measures for Mosquito-borne Diseases - Key preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and using mosquito nets in areas with Aedes mosquitoes [3] - Eliminating mosquito breeding sites by regularly cleaning and removing standing water, and using insecticides indoors [3] - Increasing self-awareness regarding health status and seeking medical attention if symptoms like fever and joint pain occur after potential exposure [3] Group 3: Acute Respiratory Infections - Acute respiratory infections can be caused by various pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses, with recent monitoring showing high positivity rates for rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial viruses [4] Group 4: Preventive Measures for Acute Respiratory Infections - Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, frequent handwashing, and a balanced diet [5] - Seeking medical attention promptly if experiencing fever and respiratory symptoms, and wearing masks in crowded or enclosed spaces [5] - Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and the elderly, should actively receive vaccinations as per guidelines [5] Group 5: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) - HFMD is a common infectious disease in children caused by various enteroviruses, with outbreaks typically occurring in spring-summer and autumn [6] - The disease spreads through the digestive and respiratory tracts, with symptoms including fever and rashes on hands, mouth, and feet [6] Group 6: Preventive Measures for HFMD - Good hygiene practices, regular cleaning and disinfection of toys and frequently touched surfaces, and avoiding contact with infected children are crucial [8] - Vaccination against EV-A71 can effectively prevent severe cases of HFMD, recommended for children over six months old [9] Group 7: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus gastroenteritis can occur year-round, with a peak from October to March, often in schools and travel groups, spreading through contaminated food and water [10] Group 8: Preventive Measures for Norovirus - Emphasizing hand hygiene, safe food and water consumption, and proper disinfection of contaminated surfaces are essential preventive measures [11] Group 9: Monkeypox - Monkeypox is an acute infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus, with symptoms including fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [12] Group 10: Preventive Measures for Monkeypox - Awareness of monkeypox prevention, maintaining good hygiene, and avoiding close contact with suspected cases are critical [13][14]

国庆和中秋长假结束，10月份需关注基孔肯雅热、登革热、急性呼吸道传染病、手足口病、诺如病毒肠炎、猴痘 等传染病。那么，哪些防护措施可以有效预防这些传染病的发生？一份健康指南请查收。 一、基孔肯雅热、登革热等蚊媒传染病 基孔肯雅热是由基孔肯雅病毒引起、经伊蚊叮咬传播的急性传染病。临床表现主要为发热、皮疹、关节疼痛。 登革热是由登革病毒引起的、主要经伊蚊叮咬传播的急性传染病，临床表现主要为发热、疲乏、厌食、恶心、"三 痛"（剧烈头痛、后眼窝痛、肌肉和关节痛）和"三红"（面部、颈部、胸部潮红）。 主要防护措施 1.避免蚊子叮咬。居住在或前往有伊蚊的地区，在居室内和办公场所，使用蚊香或电蚊香液并使用纱门纱窗和蚊 帐进行防蚊。前往公园、绿化带等地点，应穿长袖衣服及长裤，并于外露的皮肤及衣服上涂上蚊虫驱避药物。避 免在蚊虫出没频繁时间段（上午7点—9点，下午5点—7点）在草丛、树荫下等户外阴暗潮湿处长时间逗留。 3.提高自我就诊意识。居住在或前往有伊蚊的地区后，需密切关注自身健康状况，如出现发热、皮疹、关节和肌 肉痛等症状，及时就医，并告知医生近期本人的旅行史和蚊虫叮咬史。 二、急性呼吸道传染病 引起急性呼吸道感染的病原 ...

Core Insights - The Philippines reported a significant increase in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases, with a total of 37,368 cases from January 1 to August 9 this year, representing a sevenfold increase compared to the same period last year [1] Summary by Categories Disease Overview - HFMD is caused by enteroviruses and primarily affects infants and young children, leading to rashes on the hands, feet, and mouth [1] - Approximately 50% of the reported cases are among children aged 1 to 3 years [1] Public Health Advisory - The Department of Health emphasizes the rapid transmission of HFMD, urging the public to maintain good personal hygiene [1] - Although HFMD typically does not result in fatalities and is often self-limiting, there is a risk of complications such as meningitis and myocarditis in some patients [1] Prevention Measures - There is currently no specific medication for HFMD, and vaccination is highlighted as the best way to protect susceptible populations [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increase in patients presenting with "small blisters" on hands and feet during the summer, primarily caused by various skin conditions, with a focus on sweat eczema as the most common cause [1][2]. Group 1: Common Conditions - The most common condition leading to "small blisters" is sweat eczema, characterized by small blisters on the palms and soles, often accompanied by severe itching [2][3]. - Other potential causes include athlete's foot, hand-foot eczema, contact dermatitis, and hand-foot-mouth disease, each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches [3][4]. Group 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Patients typically experience blisters on the sides of fingers, palms, and soles, with symptoms worsening at night or with heat, leading to potential secondary infections if scratched [2][3]. - Sweat eczema is noted for its self-limiting nature, often exacerbating in summer and improving in fall and winter, with recurrent episodes leading to skin thickening and cracking [2][3]. Group 3: Treatment Approaches - Treatment for sweat eczema focuses on symptomatic relief, with options like calamine lotion for itching and topical corticosteroids for severe cases [6]. - Athlete's foot requires maintaining dry skin and may involve antifungal medications, with an emphasis on completing the full treatment course to prevent recurrence [6]. - Hand-foot eczema treatment involves avoiding irritants and may include wet dressings during acute phases, transitioning to topical corticosteroids as the condition stabilizes [6]. - Contact dermatitis treatment emphasizes identifying and removing the irritant, followed by appropriate topical or oral medications as needed [6][7].