2025.12. 25 本文字数：1543，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 林志吟 从一些地区疾控或者国家疾控最新公布的11月法定传染病疫情报告来看，今年手足口病的流行较去 年同期明显增加。 中国疾控公布的11月全国丙类传染病发病数居前3位的病种依次为流行性感冒、手足口病和其他感染 性腹泻病，占丙类传染病报告病例总数的99.8%。其中手足口病例发病数达到26.93万例，死亡1 例。 而在10月，全国手足口病的发病数达到38.87万例，但没有出现死亡比例。 广东疾控12月23日公布的报告显示，11月，广东省手足口病发病数共有2.89万例，在丙类传染病发 病数中位列第二位，排在第一位的是流感。 江苏疾控12月12日公布的11月丙类传染病发病数居前三位的病种依次为：流行性感冒、手足口病、 其他感染性腹泻病，占丙类传染病报告病例总数的99.83%。 "近年来，出现手足口病例死亡的很少见，另外在秋季出现这么高的发病数，也是比较少见。"有业 内人士对第一财经记者表示。 河南省儿童医院南院区急诊科、急诊综合病房学科主任宋春兰对第一财经记者表示，从他们临床上观 察到的情况看，今天秋季，手足口病发病数确实比往年多。 " ...

从一些地区疾控或者国家疾控最新公布的11月法定传染病疫情报告来看，今年手足口病的流行较去年同 期明显增加。 广东疾控12月23日公布的报告显示，11月，广东省手足口病发病数共有2.89万例，在丙类传染病发病数 中位列第二位，排在第一位的是流感。 江苏疾控12月12日公布的11月丙类传染病发病数居前三位的病种依次为：流行性感冒、手足口病、其他 感染性腹泻病，占丙类传染病报告病例总数的99.83%。 中国疾控公布的11月全国丙类传染病发病数居前3位的病种依次为流行性感冒、手足口病和其他感染性 腹泻病，占丙类传染病报告病例总数的99.8%。其中手足口病例发病数达到26.93万例，死亡1例。 "今年的手足口病，明显的症状是皮疹出得比较多，出皮疹的部位，除了手、足、口等部位，其他部位 例如嘴周围、肛门周围、外阴、肘关节、膝关节，有个别宝宝，甚至全身都出皮疹。"宋春兰说，根据 他们的观察，进入12月份，手足口病的患者明显在减少。 而在10月，全国手足口病的发病数达到38.87万例，但没有出现死亡比例。 2025年10月、2025年11月这两个月加起来，全国手足口病的发病数累计达到65.8万例，是2024年同期的 六倍多。 ...

从一些地区疾控或者国家疾控最新公布的11月法定传染病疫情报告来看，今年手足口病的流行较去年同 期明显增加。 广东疾控12月23日公布的报告显示，11月，广东省手足口病发病数共有2.89万例，在丙类传染病发病数 中位列第二位，排在第一位的是流感。 江苏疾控12月12日公布的11月丙类传染病发病数居前三位的病种依次为：流行性感冒、手足口病、其他 感染性腹泻病，占丙类传染病报告病例总数的99.83%。 中国疾控公布的11月全国丙类传染病发病数居前3位的病种依次为流行性感冒、手足口病和其他感染性 腹泻病，占丙类传染病报告病例总数的99.8%。其中手足口病例发病数达到26.93万例，死亡1例。 而在10月，全国手足口病的发病数达到38.87万例，但没有出现死亡比例。 今年全国手足口病秋季的流行强度反而高于春夏季。 2025年10月、2025年11月这两个月加起来，全国手足口病的发病数累计达到65.8万例，是2024年同期的 六倍多。2024年10月、2024年11日，全国手足口病的发病数分别为4.65万例、5.88万例，合计加起来约 10.53万例。 手足口病是一种以手、足和口腔部位出现皮疹或疱疹为主要特征的急性传染病 ...

Core Insights - The peak of respiratory diseases in Henan province is expected to occur around the end of December, with flu activity still on the rise [2][3] - The dominant strain currently is the H3N2 subtype of the influenza virus, contrasting with last year's H1N1 dominance [3] - Vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing influenza, especially for vulnerable populations such as infants, the elderly, and those with chronic conditions [4][5] Summary by Sections Current Situation - Hospitals in Henan are experiencing a surge in pediatric and fever outpatient visits due to respiratory diseases [1] - The flu season in northern provinces typically runs from October to March, with the peak usually occurring in late December to early January [2] Virus Characteristics - The H3N2 strain is currently the most prevalent, with symptoms similar across different influenza subtypes [3] - Historical data suggests that the peak of flu positivity rates generally occurs in late December to early January [3] Preventive Measures - Vaccination is emphasized as the primary defense against influenza, significantly reducing the risk of severe complications [4] - Even if vaccination occurs after the flu season begins, it can still provide protection [5] - Additional preventive measures include maintaining personal hygiene, frequent handwashing, proper ventilation, and wearing masks in public [5] Health Risks and Symptoms - The current health landscape is complicated by the presence of multiple viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Coxsackie virus, leading to increased health risks [6] - Warning signs for severe flu complications include persistent high fever, lethargy, and difficulty breathing, necessitating immediate medical attention [6] - Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is also presenting new symptoms this year, requiring vigilance from parents [6]

Group 1 - Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease primarily affecting children, particularly those under 5 years old, with the highest risk in ages 1-2 [2][3] - The disease can occur year-round, but peaks are observed in spring (April to July) and autumn (September to November) [3] - Symptoms include fever, red spots, blisters, or ulcers on hands, feet, mouth, and buttocks, along with possible cough and loss of appetite [3] Group 2 - The primary transmission routes are fecal-oral, close contact, and droplet transmission [4][5] - Preventive measures include vaccination, good hygiene practices, environmental protection, and enhancing children's immunity [6] - The EV-A71 virus is the most severe among the enteroviruses causing HFMD, and vaccination against it does not provide protection against other strains [7] Group 3 - In case of infection, mild cases require home care, including isolation, fever management, and oral care [9] - Immediate medical attention is necessary if severe symptoms arise, such as persistent high fever, lethargy, rapid breathing, or signs of dehydration [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need to monitor various infectious diseases, including Chikungunya, Dengue fever, acute respiratory infections, Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Norovirus gastroenteritis, and Monkeypox, following the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays in October 2025 [1] Group 1: Mosquito-borne Diseases - Chikungunya is an acute infectious disease caused by the Chikungunya virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, rash, and joint pain [2] - Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus, also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presenting symptoms such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, severe headaches, and muscle and joint pain [2] Group 2: Preventive Measures for Mosquito-borne Diseases - Key preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using mosquito repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and using mosquito nets in areas with Aedes mosquitoes [3] - Eliminating mosquito breeding sites by regularly cleaning and removing standing water, and using insecticides indoors [3] - Increasing self-awareness regarding health status and seeking medical attention if symptoms like fever and joint pain occur after potential exposure [3] Group 3: Acute Respiratory Infections - Acute respiratory infections can be caused by various pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses, with recent monitoring showing high positivity rates for rhinoviruses and respiratory syncytial viruses [4] Group 4: Preventive Measures for Acute Respiratory Infections - Maintaining good hygiene practices, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, frequent handwashing, and a balanced diet [5] - Seeking medical attention promptly if experiencing fever and respiratory symptoms, and wearing masks in crowded or enclosed spaces [5] - Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and the elderly, should actively receive vaccinations as per guidelines [5] Group 5: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) - HFMD is a common infectious disease in children caused by various enteroviruses, with outbreaks typically occurring in spring-summer and autumn [6] - The disease spreads through the digestive and respiratory tracts, with symptoms including fever and rashes on hands, mouth, and feet [6] Group 6: Preventive Measures for HFMD - Good hygiene practices, regular cleaning and disinfection of toys and frequently touched surfaces, and avoiding contact with infected children are crucial [8] - Vaccination against EV-A71 can effectively prevent severe cases of HFMD, recommended for children over six months old [9] Group 7: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus gastroenteritis can occur year-round, with a peak from October to March, often in schools and travel groups, spreading through contaminated food and water [10] Group 8: Preventive Measures for Norovirus - Emphasizing hand hygiene, safe food and water consumption, and proper disinfection of contaminated surfaces are essential preventive measures [11] Group 9: Monkeypox - Monkeypox is an acute infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus, with symptoms including fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [12] Group 10: Preventive Measures for Monkeypox - Awareness of monkeypox prevention, maintaining good hygiene, and avoiding close contact with suspected cases are critical [13][14]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures against various infectious diseases, including Chikungunya, Dengue fever, acute respiratory infections, Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Norovirus gastroenteritis, and Monkeypox, especially after the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays. Group 1: Mosquito-borne Diseases (Chikungunya and Dengue Fever) - Chikungunya is an acute infectious disease caused by the Chikungunya virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, with symptoms including fever, rash, and joint pain [1] - Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, presenting symptoms such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, severe headaches, and muscle and joint pain [1] - Key preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites, using mosquito repellent, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites by clearing standing water [2][2] Group 2: Acute Respiratory Infections - Various pathogens cause acute respiratory infections, with recent monitoring showing high positivity rates for rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus [4] - Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, wearing masks in crowded places, and timely medical consultation for respiratory symptoms [5] Group 3: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) - HFMD is a common infectious disease in children, primarily affecting those under five years old, with transmission through the digestive and respiratory tracts [6] - Preventive measures include maintaining hygiene, regular cleaning of toys, and avoiding contact with infected children [7][8] Group 4: Norovirus Gastroenteritis - Norovirus gastroenteritis can occur year-round, with a peak from October to March, often in schools and travel groups [10] - Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, ensuring food and water safety, and disinfecting contaminated surfaces [12] Group 5: Monkeypox - Monkeypox is an acute infectious disease characterized by fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy, primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals [13] - Preventive measures include enhancing self-protection awareness, avoiding close contact with suspected cases, and adhering to entry and exit regulations [14][15][17]

Core Insights - The Philippines reported a significant increase in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases, with a total of 37,368 cases from January 1 to August 9 this year, representing a sevenfold increase compared to the same period last year [1] Summary by Categories Disease Overview - HFMD is caused by enteroviruses and primarily affects infants and young children, leading to rashes on the hands, feet, and mouth [1] - Approximately 50% of the reported cases are among children aged 1 to 3 years [1] Public Health Advisory - The Department of Health emphasizes the rapid transmission of HFMD, urging the public to maintain good personal hygiene [1] - Although HFMD typically does not result in fatalities and is often self-limiting, there is a risk of complications such as meningitis and myocarditis in some patients [1] Prevention Measures - There is currently no specific medication for HFMD, and vaccination is highlighted as the best way to protect susceptible populations [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increase in patients presenting with "small blisters" on hands and feet during the summer, primarily caused by various skin conditions, with a focus on sweat eczema as the most common cause [1][2]. Group 1: Common Conditions - The most common condition leading to "small blisters" is sweat eczema, characterized by small blisters on the palms and soles, often accompanied by severe itching [2][3]. - Other potential causes include athlete's foot, hand-foot eczema, contact dermatitis, and hand-foot-mouth disease, each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches [3][4]. Group 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis - Patients typically experience blisters on the sides of fingers, palms, and soles, with symptoms worsening at night or with heat, leading to potential secondary infections if scratched [2][3]. - Sweat eczema is noted for its self-limiting nature, often exacerbating in summer and improving in fall and winter, with recurrent episodes leading to skin thickening and cracking [2][3]. Group 3: Treatment Approaches - Treatment for sweat eczema focuses on symptomatic relief, with options like calamine lotion for itching and topical corticosteroids for severe cases [6]. - Athlete's foot requires maintaining dry skin and may involve antifungal medications, with an emphasis on completing the full treatment course to prevent recurrence [6]. - Hand-foot eczema treatment involves avoiding irritants and may include wet dressings during acute phases, transitioning to topical corticosteroids as the condition stabilizes [6]. - Contact dermatitis treatment emphasizes identifying and removing the irritant, followed by appropriate topical or oral medications as needed [6][7].