Group 1 - The core argument of the article emphasizes the challenges faced by latecomer economies in achieving leapfrog development, highlighting the need for innovative strategies to overcome obstacles such as capability failure and scale failure [2][4][6] - The author identifies three viable "bends" or strategies for latecomer economies to achieve leapfrog development, which include promoting imitation innovation under relaxed intellectual property protection, engaging with global value chains, and focusing on short-cycle high-tech sectors before transitioning to long-cycle industries [4][5][6] - The concept of "crossing over" is defined as the final stage of catching up, allowing latecomer economies to bypass existing intellectual property and enter new technological fields, which can be achieved through both inter-industry and intra-industry transitions [6][7] Group 2 - The article discusses the importance of a comprehensive theory of economic catch-up that integrates the sequence of "late entry → bend strategy → leapfrog development," which is crucial for overcoming the identified failures and barriers [7] - The author presents three paradoxes that underpin the catch-up theory: "different paths lead to the same goal," "bends are faster than straight roads," and "only well-prepared firms can attempt to leap," emphasizing the need for unique strategies to surpass leading economies [8]

多少年"树人"？ 当我们谈论城市崛起时，可以用GDP曲线丈量，也可以用招商引资数据佐证，但高等教育这门学问，似乎总被框定在"百年树人"的传统认知里。 作者： 闰然 编辑：宝珠 今天，深圳经济特区迎来45周岁的生日。45年说长不长，年轻与活力向来是深圳的标签，45年说短也不短，足以让一座城市翻天覆地。 将时间往回拨几年，若有孩子说想去深圳读大学，多半会被同辈投来异样目光——"深圳能有啥好大学？" 但深圳的奇妙之处，正在于总能用结果颠覆预设。这两年，当地高校的录取分数线像坐了火箭，2025年广东物理类录取线，哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）、南 方科技大学、深圳理工大学在省内高校中位居前三。 这些新型大学的崛起，究竟是数十年投入终于量变引起质变？还是全球经济格局的加速重构，让人才培养的坐标系发生了肉眼可见的偏移？ 进入新世纪，这座城市的高等教育布局开始显露出更清晰的战略纵深。2000年，当国内高校还在讨论"扩招"利弊时，深圳已着手引进北大、清华、哈工大 等名校设立研究生院。 在这种传统认知中，大学的长成，如参天古木，需经百年风雨浸润，非一朝一夕可致。 没有上百年积淀，怎么办好大学？ 如果把深圳比做一个人，他赶上了好的时代， ...

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen has rapidly transformed its higher education landscape over the past 45 years, achieving significant advancements in university rankings and educational quality, which challenges traditional perceptions of educational development timelines [2][3][4]. Group 1: Historical Context and Development - Shenzhen's first university, Shenzhen University, was established in just eight months in 1983, showcasing the city's commitment to rapid educational development [6][8]. - The city recognized that to compete with established universities in Beijing and Shanghai, it needed to adopt unconventional strategies, such as forming partnerships with prestigious institutions [7][11]. - By 2000, Shenzhen had already begun to establish graduate schools in collaboration with top universities, indicating a proactive approach to enhancing its educational offerings [8][12]. Group 2: Financial Investment in Education - In 2024, Shenzhen allocated 102.06 billion yuan to education, with over 20% of its fiscal budget dedicated to this sector, highlighting the city's prioritization of higher education [13]. - The budget for higher education in 2025 is set at 179.3 billion yuan, accounting for nearly 46% of the total education expenditure, underscoring the importance placed on this area [13][14]. - Shenzhen University leads the budget allocation with 7.51 billion yuan, followed by Southern University of Science and Technology with 5.36 billion yuan, indicating a strong financial commitment to these institutions [14]. Group 3: Educational Ecosystem and Innovation - Shenzhen's higher education ecosystem includes a variety of institutions, from comprehensive universities to specialized research universities, all contributing to a diverse educational landscape [15]. - The city emphasizes "practicality" in education, aligning academic programs with industry needs, which is evident in the establishment of specialized programs at Shenzhen Technology University [19][22]. - The integration of education and industry, termed "deep integration of production and education," is a key strategy for aligning educational outcomes with the demands of the local economy [20][22]. Group 4: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite rapid growth, there is an acknowledgment that cultural and educational depth takes time to develop, and institutions are beginning to address this need [26]. - The balance between practical skills and a broader educational foundation is crucial, as highlighted by the emphasis on humanities and interdisciplinary studies at various universities [26][27]. - As the higher education landscape evolves, the focus on producing strategic scientists capable of addressing complex challenges remains a long-term goal for Shenzhen's educational institutions [36].