【文/观察者网专栏作者 流纹岩】 人类2025年的最后一次航天发射随着长征七号甲遥7火箭从文昌航天发射场发射升空而结束了，全球航 天界也在红红火火中迎来了2026年。 回顾整个2025年，全球总共进行了327次轨道级发射，成功317次，失败10次，其中中国进行了92次轨道 级发射，90次成功。现在有一种说法叫"年年都是航天大年"，在中美两国空间进入能力不断提高的如 今，这句话也确实没什么问题。 人类首枚液氧/丙烷火箭Spectrum"光谱"号首飞，但并未成功 2025年，猎鹰9火箭以165次发射165次成功，163次回收162次成功（1次着陆后煤油泄漏起火导致芯级损 毁），坐稳了世界最强运载火箭的榜首。随着运载能力的进一步挖潜，该火箭的一次性近地轨道运载能 力很可能已经达到23.5吨，同步转移轨道运载能力8.5吨以上。作为世界上空间进入能力最高、投射能力 最强、效费比和周转效率最高的火箭，猎鹰9继续坐稳自己世界第一的宝座。 2025年，星船－超重（Starship-Superheavy）同时迎来了自己的大版本更新和重大挑战。在整个2025年 上半年，该计划几乎未获得任何有效进展。 1月的IFT-7任务中SN- ...

Core Insights - The global space industry experienced significant activity in 2025, with a total of 327 orbital launches, achieving a success rate of 97% [1] - China conducted 92 orbital launches, with 90 successful missions, highlighting its growing capabilities in space exploration [1] Group 1: Launch Successes and Failures - The Falcon 9 rocket achieved 165 successful launches out of 165 attempts, maintaining its position as the world's leading launch vehicle [3] - The Starship-Superheavy program faced multiple failures in 2025, including three significant incidents that resulted in explosions during test flights [3][4][5] - Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket successfully completed its second flight, marking it as the second company to recover an orbital-class rocket [9] Group 2: Challenges in Space Exploration - The Starship-Superheavy system's delays and reliability issues have raised concerns about its role in NASA's Artemis program, with critics suggesting it may require 20 to 40 launches to support a crewed lunar landing [7] - Russia's space program faced operational challenges, including the inability to launch crewed missions due to platform damage, raising questions about its future capabilities [11] - India's GSLV rocket faced a significant failure with the NVS-02 satellite, which was left in an unusable orbit due to a technical oversight [13][14] Group 3: Developments in Chinese Space Programs - China's space program made strides with the successful first flights of the Zhuque-3 and Long March 12 rockets, although both faced challenges during recovery attempts [16][21] - The Chinese manned space program is advancing towards lunar missions, with significant infrastructure developments nearing completion [21] - The Chinese space station encountered a major crisis when a spacecraft window was damaged, leading to an emergency rescue mission [22] Group 4: Future Prospects - The upcoming year, 2026, is anticipated to be another significant year for space exploration, with multiple planned launches and missions, including the Chang'e 7 lunar mission [29][30]