【文/观察者网专栏作者 流纹岩】 人类2025年的最后一次航天发射随着长征七号甲遥7火箭从文昌航天发射场发射升空而结束了，全球航 天界也在红红火火中迎来了2026年。 回顾整个2025年，全球总共进行了327次轨道级发射，成功317次，失败10次，其中中国进行了92次轨道 级发射，90次成功。现在有一种说法叫"年年都是航天大年"，在中美两国空间进入能力不断提高的如 今，这句话也确实没什么问题。 人类首枚液氧/丙烷火箭Spectrum"光谱"号首飞，但并未成功 2025年，猎鹰9火箭以165次发射165次成功，163次回收162次成功（1次着陆后煤油泄漏起火导致芯级损 毁），坐稳了世界最强运载火箭的榜首。随着运载能力的进一步挖潜，该火箭的一次性近地轨道运载能 力很可能已经达到23.5吨，同步转移轨道运载能力8.5吨以上。作为世界上空间进入能力最高、投射能力 最强、效费比和周转效率最高的火箭，猎鹰9继续坐稳自己世界第一的宝座。 2025年，星船－超重（Starship-Superheavy）同时迎来了自己的大版本更新和重大挑战。在整个2025年 上半年，该计划几乎未获得任何有效进展。 1月的IFT-7任务中SN- ...

Core Insights - The global space industry experienced significant activity in 2025, with a total of 327 orbital launches, achieving a success rate of 97% [1] - China conducted 92 orbital launches, with 90 successful missions, highlighting its growing capabilities in space exploration [1] Group 1: Launch Successes and Failures - The Falcon 9 rocket achieved 165 successful launches out of 165 attempts, maintaining its position as the world's leading launch vehicle [3] - The Starship-Superheavy program faced multiple failures in 2025, including three significant incidents that resulted in explosions during test flights [3][4][5] - Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket successfully completed its second flight, marking it as the second company to recover an orbital-class rocket [9] Group 2: Challenges in Space Exploration - The Starship-Superheavy system's delays and reliability issues have raised concerns about its role in NASA's Artemis program, with critics suggesting it may require 20 to 40 launches to support a crewed lunar landing [7] - Russia's space program faced operational challenges, including the inability to launch crewed missions due to platform damage, raising questions about its future capabilities [11] - India's GSLV rocket faced a significant failure with the NVS-02 satellite, which was left in an unusable orbit due to a technical oversight [13][14] Group 3: Developments in Chinese Space Programs - China's space program made strides with the successful first flights of the Zhuque-3 and Long March 12 rockets, although both faced challenges during recovery attempts [16][21] - The Chinese manned space program is advancing towards lunar missions, with significant infrastructure developments nearing completion [21] - The Chinese space station encountered a major crisis when a spacecraft window was damaged, leading to an emergency rescue mission [22] Group 4: Future Prospects - The upcoming year, 2026, is anticipated to be another significant year for space exploration, with multiple planned launches and missions, including the Chang'e 7 lunar mission [29][30]

每经编辑｜段炼 据CCTV国际时讯报道，当地时间2025年12月29日，中国代表在低地球轨道卫星问题安理会阿里亚模式会议上发言时表示，个别国家的商业卫星星座肆意 扩张，缺乏有效监管，带来显著安全挑战。 此外，一些低轨卫星星座无视相关国家法律规定，在他国上空和边界私自开通信号服务，成为干预他国内政的工具。在非洲萨赫勒、南亚及东南亚地 区，"星链"被暴恐分子、分离势力以及电诈集团大量使用，带来监管和执法难题。 中国代表： "星链"曾两次危险抵近中国空间站 中国代表表示，以 "星链"为例，"星链"在轨卫星超1万颗，曾两次危险抵近中国空间站，迫使后者紧急规避，对中国航天员生命安全造成严重威胁。近期 一颗"星链"卫星解体，产生100多枚碎片，严重威胁缺乏控轨能力的发展中国家航天器。 个别国家大量利用商业航天实体，提供军事侦察、战场通讯等服务，甚至直接介入他国武装冲突，模糊了外空领域军民界限，并造成追责难题，对《外空 条约》和国家责任法构成挑战。 中国代表呼吁相关国家切实遵守《外空条约》义务，对本国商业航天活动加强监管。 "星链"争议不断 SpaceX将IPO，估值或超1.5万亿美元 据了解，"星链"卫星是马斯克Spac ...

Core Viewpoint - A SpaceX Starlink satellite experienced an anomaly in space, resulting in a loss of contact with the ground and the generation of debris [1][3]. Group 1: Incident Details - The satellite's orbit altitude rapidly decreased by 4,000 meters, indicating a possible explosion [3]. - SpaceX is collaborating with the U.S. Space Force and NASA to monitor the satellite debris, although the specific number of debris pieces has not been disclosed [3]. - Tracking organization, Australia’s Near Earth Orbital Laboratory, reported discovering "dozens" of potential debris pieces, with more expected as analysis continues [3]. Group 2: Potential Impact - The debris from the satellite may pose a threat to other operational satellites, but the overall impact of this incident is expected to be less severe than previous orbital accidents due to the satellite remaining largely intact [3]. - The incident highlights the increasing number of satellites in Earth's orbit due to the deployment of satellite constellations for internet and other space-based services [5]. Group 3: Industry Concerns - Industry experts advocate for clearer international regulations regarding orbital traffic as the number of satellites continues to rise [5]. - SpaceX's Vice President for the Starlink program emphasized the need for improved coordination among satellite operators to mitigate risks associated with satellite operations [5].

Core Viewpoint - A satellite from SpaceX's Starlink program experienced an anomaly, resulting in debris and loss of communication with the ground [1][3]. Group 1: Incident Details - The satellite is reported to be largely intact but is currently rolling and is expected to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up completely within a few weeks [3]. - SpaceX indicated that the satellite's altitude dropped rapidly by 4,000 meters, suggesting an explosion occurred, and the company is collaborating with the U.S. Space Force and NASA to monitor the debris [3]. - Tracking organization, Australian Near Earth Orbital Laboratory, noted the discovery of "dozens" of potential debris pieces, with further analysis likely to reveal more [3]. Group 2: Industry Context - The increase in satellite deployments for internet and other space-based services has led to a significant rise in the number of spacecraft in Earth's orbit [5]. - Industry experts advocate for clearer international regulations regarding orbital traffic due to the growing risks associated with satellite operations [5]. - SpaceX's Vice President for the Starlink program, Michael Nichols, emphasized the need for improved coordination among satellite operators to mitigate risks in space operations [5].

Core Viewpoint - A SpaceX Starlink satellite experienced an anomaly, resulting in a loss of contact with the ground and the generation of debris, with a rapid descent of 4,000 meters indicating a possible explosion [1][3]. Group 1: Incident Details - The satellite is reported to be largely intact but is currently rolling and is expected to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up completely within weeks [3]. - SpaceX is collaborating with the U.S. Space Force and NASA to monitor the satellite debris, although the specific number of debris pieces has not been disclosed [3]. - Tracking organization, Australia’s Near Earth Orbital Laboratory, identified "dozens" of potential debris pieces, suggesting that the internal issue may have caused the incident rather than a collision with another object [3]. Group 2: Industry Context - The increase in satellite deployments for internet constellations and other space-based services has led to a significant rise in the number of spacecraft in Earth's orbit [5]. - Industry experts advocate for clearer international traffic regulations in space due to the growing risks associated with satellite operations [5]. - SpaceX's Vice President for the Starlink program emphasized the need for improved coordination among satellite operators to mitigate operational risks [5].

Core Points - A SpaceX Starlink satellite experienced an anomaly in space, resulting in a loss of contact with the ground and the generation of debris [1][3] - The satellite's altitude rapidly decreased by 4,000 meters, indicating a possible explosion, and SpaceX is collaborating with the U.S. Space Force and NASA to monitor the debris [3] - The Australian Near Earth Orbital Laboratory reported discovering "dozens" of fragments that may be debris from the incident, suggesting that the altitude drop could be due to an internal issue rather than a collision with another object [3][5] Industry Context - The number of satellites in Earth's orbit has significantly increased due to various countries and companies deploying satellites for internet and other space-based services [5] - Industry experts advocate for clearer international regulations regarding orbital traffic to mitigate risks associated with satellite operations [5] - SpaceX's Vice President for the Starlink program highlighted that most risks in satellite operations stem from a lack of coordination among satellite operators, indicating a need for change in the industry [5]

据参考消息援引路透社12月19日报道，美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）旗下"星链"计 划表示，其一颗卫星17日在太空发生异常，产生了"少量"碎片，并在418公里的高度与地 面失去通信联系，这是这家卫星互联网巨头在轨道上发生的罕见动力事故。 "星链"：卫星正在翻滚 预计几周内重返地球大气层并烧毁 据"星链"官方账号披露， 本周三，第35956号星链卫星发生异常事故，在距离地面418公 里处失联 。异常导致卫星的推进剂储罐泄漏，高度迅速下降4公里，并释放出少量碎片。 "星链"在社交平台X上发文称："这颗卫星大致保持完整，目前正在翻滚，预计将在几周内 重新进入地球大气层并完全烧毁。" 文章还称，这颗卫星是其宽带互联网网络在太空中的近1万颗卫星之一。该卫星的高度迅速 坠落，显示其可能发生了某种爆炸。 在美国加利福尼亚州朗代尔拍摄的照片显示，搭载着" 星链 "卫星的"猎鹰9"火箭从范登堡太空军基地 发射升空。图片来源：参考消息（法新社资料图片） 该公司正与美国太空部队和美国国家航空航天局合作监测碎片，SpaceX在声明中没有透露 碎片的数量。 美国近地轨道实验室公司表示，他们发现了"数十个"可能是事故残骸的碎片，随 ...

据参考消息援引路透社12月19日报道，美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）旗下"星链"计划表示， 其一颗卫星17日在太空发生异常，产生了"少量"碎片，并在418公里的高度与地面失去通信联系， 这是这家卫星互联网巨头在轨道上发生的罕见动力事故。 "星链"：卫星正在翻滚 预计几周内重返地球大气层并烧毁 据"星链"官方账号披露， 本周三，第35956号星链卫星发生异常事故，在距离地面418公里处失 联 。 异常导致卫星的推进剂储罐泄漏，高度迅速下降4公里，并释放出少量碎片 。 "星链"在社交平台X上发文称："这颗卫星大致保持完整，目前正在翻滚， 预计将在几周内重新 进入地球大气层并完全烧毁 。" 文章还称，这颗卫星是其宽带互联网网络在太空中的近1万颗卫星之一。 该卫星的高度迅速坠 落，显示其可能发生了某种爆炸 。 在美国加利福尼亚州朗代尔拍摄的照片显示，搭载着" 星链 "卫星的"猎鹰9"火箭从范登堡太空军基地发射升空。图片来源：参 考消息（法新社资料图片） 该公司正与美国太空部队和美国国家航空航天局合作监测碎片，SpaceX在声明中没有透露碎片 的数量。 "星链"卫星此前曾大量坠落 美国近地轨道实验室公司表示，他们 ...

每经编辑｜段炼 据参考消息援引路透社12月19日报道，美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）旗下"星链"计划表示，其一颗卫星17日在太空发生异常，产生了"少量"碎片，并 在418公里的高度与地面失去通信联系，这是这家卫星互联网巨头在轨道上发生的罕见动力事故。 "星链"：卫星正在翻滚 预计几周内重返地球大气层并烧毁 据"星链"官方账号披露，本周三，第35956号星链卫星发生异常事故，在距离地面418公里处失联。异常导致卫星的推进剂储罐泄漏，高度迅速下降4公 里，并释放出少量碎片。 文章还称，这颗卫星是其宽带互联网网络在太空中的近1万颗卫星之一。该卫星的高度迅速坠落，显示其可能发生了某种爆炸。 在美国加利福尼亚州朗代尔拍摄的照片显示，搭载着"星链"卫星的"猎鹰9"火箭从范登堡太空军基地发射升空。图片来源：参考消息（法新社资料图片） "星链"在社交平台X上发文称："这颗卫星大致保持完整，目前正在翻滚，预计将在几周内重新进入地球大气层并完全烧毁。" 该公司正与美国太空部队和美国国家航空航天局合作监测碎片，SpaceX在声明中没有透露碎片的数量。 美国近地轨道实验室公司表示，他们发现了"数十个"可能是事故残骸的碎片，随着 ...