报告首先为读者打下了量子信息技术的基础框架，从量子力学的基本概念讲起，如叠加态、纠缠态和量子测量等。随后，报告介绍了量子信息技术的三大典 型应用领域：量子通信、量子计算和量子精密测量。在量子通信方面，报告详细阐述了量子密钥分发（QKD）、量子隐形传态和量子安全直接通信 （QSDC）等技术；在量子计算领域，报告不仅回顾了量子计算的发展历程，还介绍了现有的物理平台，如超导和离子阱，以及关键的量子算法，如Shor和 Grover算法；至于量子精密测量，报告则强调了其突破标准量子极限的能力，以及在量子时钟网络和长基线望远镜等方面的应用。 关于报告的 公众号 阅读原文或 取报告下载 10 法文山安法8 接着，报告深入探讨了量子互联网的架构。指出量子互联网的发展将经历多个阶段，包括可信中继、准备和测量等。目前，多个国家已经在部署可信中继网 络，而量子中继也已经发展到了第四代。报告还详细解析了量子互联网的协议栈，包括Van Meter五层和Wehner五层等多种方案，并介绍了分组交换技术， 该技术可实现单光子与纠缠网络的数据传输。报告还设计了一种初期少资源的量子互联网运行模式，该模式分为用户与主体网络，节点包括用户、路由器 ...

该白皮书由紫金山实验室、江苏省未来网络创新研究院等单位联合编写，系统梳理量子互联网的技术基 础、架构设计、关键技术及算网协同方向，为量子互联网从理论走向工程化提供参考，核心内容如下： 一、量子信息技术基础 1、核心概念与原理 量子力学基础：区别于经典力学，微观粒子状态由波函数描述，核心特性包括叠加态（如光子同时处于 水平 / 竖直偏振）、纠缠态（两粒子测量结果非局域关联，如 Bell 态、GHZ 态）、量子操作（量子逻 辑门，如 X 门、Hadamard 门、CNOT 门）及量子测量（投影测量、POVM 测量，需通过测量获取量子 态信息）。 量子态演化：遵循薛定谔方程，通过演化算符实现状态随时间的变化，为量子计算与通信提供理论支 撑。 2、典型量子应用 量子通信：含量子密钥分发（QKD，如 BB84、E91、MDI-QKD、TF-QKD 协议，从物理层面保障安 全）、量子隐形传态（通过纠缠信道传输未知量子态，需经典通信辅助）、量子安全直接通信 （QSDC，无需密钥直接传输信息）。 分为四类，核心是 "分而治之" 解决远距离量子信号衰减问题： 量子计算：利用量子叠加实现并行运算，发展分为四阶段，当前处于 "含噪 ...

Core Insights - Breakthroughs in quantum precision measurement have been achieved in China, specifically with a new atomic spin sensor developed by Beihang University, which demonstrates ultra-high sensitivity and traceable precision in measuring weak magnetic fields [1] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The atomic spin sensor can accurately measure magnetic signals that are one billion times weaker than the Earth's magnetic field, showcasing its high sensitivity [1] - The measurement results can be traced back to atomic physical constants, ensuring accuracy and reliability in the measurements [1] Group 2: Applications and Implications - This technology supports various fields, including fundamental scientific research, high-end equipment manufacturing, and cosmic exploration, providing essential metrology support [1] - The sensor has been utilized in exploring dark matter candidate particles, which constitute approximately 85% of the total matter in the universe, aiding in the understanding of this mysterious component [1] Group 3: Government Support and Future Directions - The State Administration for Market Regulation will continue to enhance support for cutting-edge metrology technologies like quantum precision measurement, facilitating the transformation of research achievements into metrology standards and industrial applications [1] - This initiative aims to build a modern advanced measurement system for the nation, supporting technological innovation and high-quality development [1]

Group 1 - The Mozi Quantum Science Foundation announced the winners of the 2025 "Mozi Quantum Prize," recognizing three scientists in the field of quantum simulation [1][2] - The awardees include Immanuel Bloch from the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Munich University, Tilman Esslinger from ETH Zurich, and Markus Greiner from Harvard University [1] - Immanuel Bloch is known for his research in quantum optics, quantum information processing, and condensed matter physics, contributing to the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field—ultracold atom optical lattice quantum simulation [1] - Tilman Esslinger achieved the realization of the Fermi-Hubbard model in ultracold atom optical lattices, providing a highly controllable quantum simulation platform for studying strongly correlated many-body systems [1] - Markus Greiner, along with Bloch and Esslinger, was the first to realize the Bose-Hubbard model in ultracold atom optical lattices, validating key theoretical predictions of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems [1] Group 2 - The Mozi Quantum Science Foundation was established in 2018 and created the "Mozi Quantum Prize" to honor scientists who have made outstanding contributions in quantum communication, quantum computing and simulation, and quantum precision measurement [2]

Core Insights - A new spontaneous two-photon radiation scheme has been proposed by a team from Sun Yat-sen University, achieving a fidelity of 99.4% for a demand-triggered quantum entangled light source, published in Nature [1][2] Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The research introduces a novel cavity-induced spontaneous two-photon radiation scheme that matches the intensity of single-photon radiation, challenging the traditional understanding that two-photon radiation is inherently weaker than single-photon processes [2] - The team utilized a solid-state "artificial atom" structure at the nanoscale to enhance the probability of emitting two correlated photons simultaneously, a phenomenon known as spontaneous two-photon radiation [1][2] Group 2: Technological Advancements - Advances in semiconductor material growth and device processing technologies have provided critical support for the experimental realization of spontaneous two-photon radiation [2] - The design of ultra-high-quality optical microcavities has allowed for fine-tuning of the photon generation process, increasing the radiation efficiency of two photons from less than 0.1% to approximately 50% [2] Group 3: Implications for Quantum Technologies - The high fidelity of the entangled photon source indicates significant potential for enhancing the security of quantum communication, reliability of quantum computing, and precision of quantum metrology [2]

Group 1 - China's quantum communication sector is at the forefront internationally, with significant achievements such as the launch of the "Mozi" quantum satellite and the establishment of the "Beijing-Shanghai" fiber optic network [2] - The quantum communication market in China is currently valued at approximately 600 million yuan, with its strategic importance recognized globally due to increasing demands for national defense and information security [2] - Quantum communication is characterized by its high security and efficiency, making it a core branch of quantum information science [2] Group 2 - In the quantum computing field, China is positioned among the global leaders, with major tech companies like Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, and Huawei investing in quantum laboratories and technologies [4] - The global investment in quantum information reached $38.6 billion in 2023, with China leading at $15 billion, surpassing the United States and Europe [6][7] - The quantum technology sector is in its early stages of industrialization, with a projected global market size of $130.08 billion by 2030 across quantum computing, communication, and measurement [7] Group 3 - China's advancements in quantum technology reflect a journey from theoretical breakthroughs to practical applications, showcasing a comprehensive innovation path [9]

Core Insights - The core viewpoint of the articles is the current state and future path of quantum technology, particularly focusing on quantum information technology, which is driving the second quantum revolution [1][2]. Group 1: Quantum Technology Overview - Quantum technology is defined as "quantum information technology," which includes quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum precision measurement [1]. - Quantum communication has established wide-area networks and practical terminal products, while quantum precision measurement is showing application value in navigation and medical fields [1]. - Quantum computing is still in the experimental research phase, with the "Zuchongzhi No. 3" superconducting quantum computing prototype recently achieving the strongest "quantum computing superiority" published to date [1]. Group 2: Challenges in Industrialization - The industrialization of quantum computing may take another 10 to 15 years, primarily due to the lack of practical algorithms suitable for current quantum computers [2]. - Traditional sectors pose resistance to the adoption of quantum technology, as existing interests may hinder the integration of new technologies like quantum secure communication [2]. - There is a concern about unrealistic promotion of immature technologies by some companies, which can mislead the public and investors, damaging the credibility of quantum technology [2]. Group 3: Recommendations for Development - To promote the industrialization of quantum technology, continuous investment and support from both government and private sectors are essential [2]. - There is a need for a consensus across society to allow time and space for technology to grow, as well as the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents who understand quantum principles and can operate relevant equipment [2][3]. - The development of quantum technology relies on the manufacturing of essential equipment such as electron beam lithography machines, molecular beam epitaxy, and dilution refrigerators [3].

Investment Rating - The report maintains an investment rating of "Outperform the Market - A" [6] Core Insights - Quantum technology is expected to bring disruptive innovations in computing power, driving demand for quantum secure communication and post-quantum cryptography [12] - Major advancements in quantum computing have been made by leading companies, indicating a competitive landscape in the industry [13][14] - The establishment of dedicated quantum research centers by companies like NVIDIA signifies a strategic shift towards integrating quantum computing with AI [15][16] Summary by Sections 1. Industry Insights - Quantum computing is based on quantum mechanics, utilizing quantum bits for processing, which offers unparalleled information capacity and parallel processing capabilities [12] - The emergence of quantum secure communication and post-quantum cryptography is a response to the potential threats posed by quantum computing to traditional encryption methods [12] 2. Chip Developments - Microsoft launched the Majorana 1 quantum chip, while Amazon introduced the Ocelot chip, which significantly reduces error correction overhead [13] - D-Wave's Advantage2™ system marks a pivotal shift from laboratory to enterprise-level applications, featuring over 4,400 qubits [13] - IBM's roadmap includes the release of a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029, expected to outperform current systems by 20,000 times [13] 3. Algorithmic Advancements - D-Wave demonstrated quantum superiority by solving a magnetic material simulation problem in 20 minutes, a task that would take traditional supercomputers nearly 1 million years [14] - Google's research indicates that a million noisy qubits could crack RSA-2048 encryption in a week, significantly shortening the traditional security period [14] 4. Industry Participation - NVIDIA's establishment of the Accelerated Quantum Research Center aims to integrate quantum hardware with AI supercomputing [15] - The CEO of NVIDIA has shifted his stance on quantum computing, predicting significant advancements in the coming years [16] 5. Market Performance - The computer industry index decreased by 2.25%, underperforming compared to major indices [17] - The report highlights the need to monitor long-term trends in AI, robotics, and self-controllable industries [21]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the recent research conducted by Kangmand Capital on a listed company, Guodun Quantum, focusing on the fields of quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement [1] - The research discussed the challenges in quantum communication technology, such as high-efficiency low-noise single-photon detection, and the potential for operators to explore quantum functionalities in the 6G era [1] - Quantum communication devices are primarily project-based, offering customized solutions, and are expected to integrate with traditional encryption companies rather than disrupt them [1] Group 2 - The current state of quantum computers is that they can only solve specific problems, with applications in AI still in the early stages [1] - Quantum security strategies include quantum key distribution and post-quantum algorithms, with quantum computing chips being similar to classical semiconductor chips in processing but differing in technical principles [1] - The collaboration with the University of Science and Technology of China is noted for the company's chip development, and it is emphasized that quantum computers are not expected to become mainstream but rather serve as a complement to classical computers [1]

Group 1: Quantum Research and Development - The team led by Academician Guo Guangcan from the University of Science and Technology of China has made significant progress in quantum non-locality research, achieving high-fidelity high-dimensional multi-photon entangled state preparation and observing true high-dimensional many-body non-locality for the first time [1] - This breakthrough fills a gap in the international experimental research field of high-dimensional many-body quantum non-locality and deepens the understanding of the essence of quantum entanglement, providing key technical support for building scalable, high-capacity, and noise-resistant quantum information processing systems [1] Group 2: Quantum Computing Industry - Quantum computing is transitioning from laboratory research to industrial applications, driven by technological breakthroughs, policy support, and market demand, with applications expanding from specialized computing to general computing [2] - The period from 2025 to 2030 is expected to be a golden window for commercialization, potentially reaching a market scale of hundreds of billions of dollars [2] - China's "14th Five-Year Plan" lists quantum technology as a core strategy, with expectations for breakthroughs in quantum communication and optical quantum computing due to policy support and engineering capabilities [2] Group 3: Company Developments - Guo Shun Quantum has launched the world's first cloud platform with potential quantum computing superiority on superconducting quantum routes, assisting China Telecom in integrating "Tianyi Cloud" supercomputing capabilities with 176 qubit superconducting quantum computing capabilities [3] - Keda Guokong is actively monitoring the development of quantum technology and has a stake in Guoyi Quantum, which possesses internationally leading scientific device platforms and higher precision, higher resolution quantum sensors and technologies [3]